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題名 公共設施保留地容積移轉市場交易機制之研究
Study on the market transaction mechanism of the transferable development rights of land reservations for public facilities
作者 劉厚連
貢獻者 賴宗裕
劉厚連
關鍵詞 公共設施保留地
容積移轉
市場機制
交易成本
容積銀行
land reservations for public facilities
transferable development rights
market mechanism
transaction costs
TDR bank
日期 2009
上傳時間 13-Oct-2011 13:57:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 公共設施保留地容積移轉在於藉由市場交易機制,使公共設施保留地地主在等待政府徵收之前,得透過容積出售給開發業者獲致價金補償之機會,並免除政府直接辦理徵收之財政壓力。容積移轉制度基本精神是以市場效率解決土地分區使用之公平問題,然現行制度下,不同地區之公共設施保留地移出容積可得價金懸殊缺乏公平性,且容積交易集中於特定地區,造成當地生活環境品質之惡化。故本研究在制度建立之政策層面,尋求達到「受損補償,受益付費」公平原則,使容積購買者付出合理的價金購買公共設施保留地地主持有容積並透過制度設計控管容積移轉對生活環境品質衝擊之問題。在容積交易市場層面,則透過市場機制設計,塑造有助於市場形成與價格維繫之環境及降低容積買賣雙方之交易成本,以促進市場交易之效率並實現前述對地主之公平為目標。
     本研究首先從市場供需之角度,分析容積供需失衡,對公共設施保留地容積移轉市場中容積價格之影響,並檢視影響TDR方案成功之市場運作因素與供需條件。其次,就買賣雙方交易盈餘分配進行探討,運用賽局理論中那許均衡之概念,分析討價還價之均衡解,以闡明信息不對稱下,如何解決地主在容積交易中議價資訊不足之問題,提高容積移轉價格,增進該制度在保障公共設施保留地地主財產權之貢獻。第三,引用中間層理論探討TDR銀行在解決交易成本問題之優勢,並闡明非營利性質因減少中介費用支出,增加交易雙方之交易剩餘,較能使TDR方案成功。第四,藉由前述理論之探討,本研究研擬改善現行公共設施保留地容積移轉的市場機制之相關議題,透過學者專家問卷及權利關係人的問卷調查之設計,汲取市場機制改善之建議。
     本研究認為我國容積移轉市場存在容積總量超出環境容受力、市場所能提供之交易資訊不足、容積價格落差過大、中介者所提供的服務仍待加強及交易成本偏高等問題,需透過政府介入加以解決。因此,提出以容積銀行為容積移轉政策執行核心之市場交易機制,由各直轄市、縣市政府成立一個非營利性質的容積銀行,作為容積移轉交易平台,並成立專款專用之容積銀行運作基金,作為政策性購買容積取得所需公共設施保留地之用,賦予容積銀行資訊提供、中介媒合、價格引導、確保交易等功能,降低容積移轉交易成本,創造有利之交易環境,確保公共設施保留地地主,能以合理價格出售變現、政府財政可以負荷及都市居住環境品質得到掌控與維護的政策目標。根據研究結果提出建立公共設施保留容積移轉政策之決策與實踐機制及以容積銀行交易平台為主之交易市場機制等制度建議,作為政府未來改善公共設施容積移轉制度之參考。
The transferable development rights (TDR) of land reservations for public facilities are a unique transferring method of development rights in Taiwan. This system allows the owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell the land, through market transaction mechanism and before the acquisition by the government, to developers through TDR in order to earn land transferring compensation. This system can also reduce the financial burden on the government on land acquisition. However, TDR has been questioned for deteriorating the urban living environment due to overdevelopment, and the transaction mechanism may reduce the market function and efficiency due to high transaction costs. Therefore, this study aims to design a market mechanism that can control the impact of TDR on the living environment, create an environment that is conducive to market formulation and price maintenance, and reduce the transaction costs of sellers and buyers, in order to facilitate the efficiency of market transaction and realize the fairness on the land owners.
     This paper first analyzes the imbalance between the TDR supply and demand from the market supply and demand perspective, and examines the effect of TDR of land reservations for public facilities on volume price in the market, as well as the market operational factors and supply/demand conditions that affect the success of TDR plans. Then, it discusses the surplus distribution of buyers and sellers, and applies the concept of Nash Equilibrium in the Game Theory to analyze the equilibrium solution of price bargaining. It aims to expound on how land owners could raise the TDR price under insufficient information due to information asymmetry during the bargaining process, and enhance the contribution of this system on the proprietorship of the land owners on land reservations for public facilities. Third, this paper applies the intermediation theory to discuss the advantages of TDR banks in solving the problem of transaction costs, and explains the reason that non-profit characteristics are more likely to guarantee the success of TDR plans. Fourth, based on the above discussions, this paper aims to improve the market mechanism of the TDR of land reservations for public facilities, and conduct questionnaire survey on experts and interest parties in order to collect opinions on the improvement schemes.
     Lastly, this paper proposes the market mechanism of using TDR bank as the policy executor of TDR, and establishing a non-profit TDR bank in each city/county by the local government as a transaction platform for TDR transaction. TDR bank operational fund should be established for exclusive use on the policy-oriented purchase of TDR of land reservations for public facilities. Thus, the TDR bank has the functions of providing information, mediating, price guiding, and transaction guaranteeing, in order to reduce the TDR transaction costs, create a favorable transaction environment, ensure the land owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell their lands at reasonable prices, reduce the financial burden of the government, and maintain a fair urban living environment. Suggestions are provided based on the research findings as a reference to the government on improving the TDR system of land reservations for public facilities.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
902575021
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902575021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴宗裕zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉厚連zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 劉厚連zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 13-Oct-2011 13:57:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 13-Oct-2011 13:57:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-Oct-2011 13:57:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0902575021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51666-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 902575021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 公共設施保留地容積移轉在於藉由市場交易機制,使公共設施保留地地主在等待政府徵收之前,得透過容積出售給開發業者獲致價金補償之機會,並免除政府直接辦理徵收之財政壓力。容積移轉制度基本精神是以市場效率解決土地分區使用之公平問題,然現行制度下,不同地區之公共設施保留地移出容積可得價金懸殊缺乏公平性,且容積交易集中於特定地區,造成當地生活環境品質之惡化。故本研究在制度建立之政策層面,尋求達到「受損補償,受益付費」公平原則,使容積購買者付出合理的價金購買公共設施保留地地主持有容積並透過制度設計控管容積移轉對生活環境品質衝擊之問題。在容積交易市場層面,則透過市場機制設計,塑造有助於市場形成與價格維繫之環境及降低容積買賣雙方之交易成本,以促進市場交易之效率並實現前述對地主之公平為目標。
     本研究首先從市場供需之角度,分析容積供需失衡,對公共設施保留地容積移轉市場中容積價格之影響,並檢視影響TDR方案成功之市場運作因素與供需條件。其次,就買賣雙方交易盈餘分配進行探討,運用賽局理論中那許均衡之概念,分析討價還價之均衡解,以闡明信息不對稱下,如何解決地主在容積交易中議價資訊不足之問題,提高容積移轉價格,增進該制度在保障公共設施保留地地主財產權之貢獻。第三,引用中間層理論探討TDR銀行在解決交易成本問題之優勢,並闡明非營利性質因減少中介費用支出,增加交易雙方之交易剩餘,較能使TDR方案成功。第四,藉由前述理論之探討,本研究研擬改善現行公共設施保留地容積移轉的市場機制之相關議題,透過學者專家問卷及權利關係人的問卷調查之設計,汲取市場機制改善之建議。
     本研究認為我國容積移轉市場存在容積總量超出環境容受力、市場所能提供之交易資訊不足、容積價格落差過大、中介者所提供的服務仍待加強及交易成本偏高等問題,需透過政府介入加以解決。因此,提出以容積銀行為容積移轉政策執行核心之市場交易機制,由各直轄市、縣市政府成立一個非營利性質的容積銀行,作為容積移轉交易平台,並成立專款專用之容積銀行運作基金,作為政策性購買容積取得所需公共設施保留地之用,賦予容積銀行資訊提供、中介媒合、價格引導、確保交易等功能,降低容積移轉交易成本,創造有利之交易環境,確保公共設施保留地地主,能以合理價格出售變現、政府財政可以負荷及都市居住環境品質得到掌控與維護的政策目標。根據研究結果提出建立公共設施保留容積移轉政策之決策與實踐機制及以容積銀行交易平台為主之交易市場機制等制度建議,作為政府未來改善公共設施容積移轉制度之參考。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The transferable development rights (TDR) of land reservations for public facilities are a unique transferring method of development rights in Taiwan. This system allows the owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell the land, through market transaction mechanism and before the acquisition by the government, to developers through TDR in order to earn land transferring compensation. This system can also reduce the financial burden on the government on land acquisition. However, TDR has been questioned for deteriorating the urban living environment due to overdevelopment, and the transaction mechanism may reduce the market function and efficiency due to high transaction costs. Therefore, this study aims to design a market mechanism that can control the impact of TDR on the living environment, create an environment that is conducive to market formulation and price maintenance, and reduce the transaction costs of sellers and buyers, in order to facilitate the efficiency of market transaction and realize the fairness on the land owners.
     This paper first analyzes the imbalance between the TDR supply and demand from the market supply and demand perspective, and examines the effect of TDR of land reservations for public facilities on volume price in the market, as well as the market operational factors and supply/demand conditions that affect the success of TDR plans. Then, it discusses the surplus distribution of buyers and sellers, and applies the concept of Nash Equilibrium in the Game Theory to analyze the equilibrium solution of price bargaining. It aims to expound on how land owners could raise the TDR price under insufficient information due to information asymmetry during the bargaining process, and enhance the contribution of this system on the proprietorship of the land owners on land reservations for public facilities. Third, this paper applies the intermediation theory to discuss the advantages of TDR banks in solving the problem of transaction costs, and explains the reason that non-profit characteristics are more likely to guarantee the success of TDR plans. Fourth, based on the above discussions, this paper aims to improve the market mechanism of the TDR of land reservations for public facilities, and conduct questionnaire survey on experts and interest parties in order to collect opinions on the improvement schemes.
     Lastly, this paper proposes the market mechanism of using TDR bank as the policy executor of TDR, and establishing a non-profit TDR bank in each city/county by the local government as a transaction platform for TDR transaction. TDR bank operational fund should be established for exclusive use on the policy-oriented purchase of TDR of land reservations for public facilities. Thus, the TDR bank has the functions of providing information, mediating, price guiding, and transaction guaranteeing, in order to reduce the TDR transaction costs, create a favorable transaction environment, ensure the land owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell their lands at reasonable prices, reduce the financial burden of the government, and maintain a fair urban living environment. Suggestions are provided based on the research findings as a reference to the government on improving the TDR system of land reservations for public facilities.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論............................................1-1
     第一節 研究動機與目的..........................................1-1
     第二節 研究範圍與內容..........................................1-5
     第三節 研究方法與流程..........................................1-7
     第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎................................... 2-1
     第一節 容積移轉運用於取得公共設施保留地之相關研究.............. 2-1
     第二節 理論基礎........................................2-12
     第三章 容積移轉制度與市場之形成........ ................... 3-1
     第一節 我國容積移轉現況與市場問題.............................. 3-2
     第二節 影響公共設施保留地容積移轉市場建立之因素............... 3-12
     第三節 容積市場定價與交易盈餘分配之問題.. .....................3-21
     第四節 小結................................................... 3-35
     第四章 市場交易機制之TDR銀行角色........................ 4-1
     第一節 美國發展權移轉市場交易之評介.................. ....... .. 4-2
     第二節 中間層組織與TDR銀行之市場功能......................... 4-12
     第三節 容積移轉制度引進TDR銀行機制之效用..................... 4-19
     第四節 小結................................................... 4-26
     第五章 容積移轉市場機制建構之研究設計與調查分析.......... 5-1
     第一節 研究設計................................................ 5-2
     第二節 問卷結果分析........................................... 5-8
     第六章 改善容積移轉市場交易機制之研擬...................... 6-1
     第一節 容積移轉市場機制設計之取向... ..........................6-1
     第二節 公共設施保留地新容積移轉交易機制之建議................... 6-8
     第三節 配套措施................... ............................ 6-22
     第七章 結論與建議. .................................... 7-1
     第一節 結論.....................................................7-2
     第二節 建議與後續研究方向 ......... .............................7-5
     參考文獻....................................................... 參-1
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902575021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共設施保留地zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 容積移轉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 市場機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交易成本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 容積銀行zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) land reservations for public facilitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) transferable development rightsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) market mechanismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) transaction costsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) TDR banken_US
dc.title (題名) 公共設施保留地容積移轉市場交易機制之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Study on the market transaction mechanism of the transferable development rights of land reservations for public facilitiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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