學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 轉進式代言廣告效果初探
Exploration of the imported advertising effects
作者 楊春郁
Yang, Chun Yu
貢獻者 張郁敏
Chang, Yuh Miin
楊春郁
Yang, Chun Yu
關鍵詞 代言人
廣告效果
品牌
轉進式代言
認知反應
日期 2010
上傳時間 14-Oct-2011 13:40:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來,台灣戲劇演員以其劇中的角色和形象為品牌代言的廣告活動越來越多,包括電視廣告、活動代言等都常見偶像劇或電影演員以劇中形象出現。這種代言方式根據英國HPI市調公司的調查研究與歸納,將之稱為「轉進式(imported)」代言廣告(Pringle, 2004)。
      然而,儘管轉進式代言廣告越來越常見於台灣,但對於轉進式代言廣告相關的效果研究卻付之闕如。因此本研究整合名人代言效果與認知心理學、說服研究等相關理論,推導出共分為「記憶」、「認知反應效果」與「品牌態度」三階段的「轉進式代言vs.真實形象代言效果模式」,針對轉進式代言與名人真實形象代言的差異進行探討,並嘗試找出消費者觀看轉進式代言廣告時的資訊處理過程。
      本研究採實驗法的方式進行,以「代言類型」(轉進式代言/真實形象代言),以及「對名人真實形象態度」(正面/負面)做為主要影響因子;將「對角色形象態度」設為共變項,以「認知反應向度」為中介變項,「品牌態度」為依變項。設計出一2×2的多因子(factorial design)實驗設計並進行分析。
      正式實驗共蒐集358份有效樣本,研究結果顯示,觀看轉進式代言與真實形象代言兩種不同代言類型廣告的消費者,其產生的認知反應類型有顯著差異,並顯示觀看轉進式代言廣告的消費者會產生較多與戲劇和角色相關的想法。消費者對名人真實形象的正面態度會正向地反應在正面認知反應向度上;消費者對名人真實形象的負面態度則沒有顯著反應在負面認知反應向度上。最後,消費者的認知反應向度會正向的反應在品牌態度上,即當消費者產生之想法的態度會正向的反應在品牌態度上;「認知反應向度」在「(對名人真實形象態度)→(品牌態度)」的影響上有部分中介效果存在。
參考文獻 一、中文文獻
方文熙(1991)。《正向情緒、涉入程度及論點數量對說服過程的影響》。私立中原大心理系碩士論文。
呂雅惠(2008)。《業者如何運用名人代言塑造品牌性格》。私立世新大學公共關係暨廣告研究所碩士論文。
波士特線上市調(2009)。〈2009年台製戲劇偏好〉,《波士特線上市調網》。上網日期:2009年10月10日,取自http://www.pollster.com.tw/report/565/index.htm
洪蘭、曾志朗譯(1989)。《心理學實驗研究法》。臺北市:遠流。(原書Underwood & Shaughnessy [1975]. Experimentation in Psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.)
吳明隆(民96)。《spss操作與應用變異數分析實務》。臺北市:五南。
徐光國(民85)。《社會心理學》。臺北市:五南。
徐海琳(2009年2月)。(創意太超過好嗎?),《動腦雜誌》第394期,104-105。
陳德嘉(1998)。《促發論點數量線索之不同意涵對說服的影響》,國立中正大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
張哲鳴、陳幼英(2009年10月18日)。(趙又廷稱帝冒出4大黑幕 被譏假哭謝仔仔),《蘋果日報》,取自http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/32024702/IssueID/20091018
(奪影帝挨批假哭 趙又廷:我是真心的)(2009年11月3日)。《今日新聞網》。取自http://www.nownews.com/2009/11/03/340-2528249.htm
〈陳喬恩、賴雅妍 新廣告融入走紅角色〉(2009 年4月2日)。《聯合報》,第D3版。
〈敗犬太入戲 溫昇豪恨戴綠帽〉(2009 年4月29日)。《聯合報》,第D1版。
(《痞子英雄》趙又廷 陳意涵戲外再牽手)(2009年3月12日)。《新浪網》。取自http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/h/p/2009-03-13/11412417521.shtml
黃治蘋譯(2005)。《C行銷:第一本名人代言行銷聖經》。臺北市:早安財經文化。(原書Pringle, H. [2004]. Celebrity Sells. London: John Wiley & Sons.)
黃秀瑄、林瑞欽編譯(1991)。《認知心理學》。臺北市:師大書苑。(原書John B. Best [1989]. Cognitive Psychology. CA: Wadsworth.)
褚姵君(2010年1月25日)。(趙又廷被批假哭 阮經天「你最屌」簡訊力挺),《華視新聞》,取自http://news.cts.com.tw/udn/entertain/201001/201001250396328.html
楊治良、郭力平、王沛、陳寧編著(民90)。《記憶心理學》。臺北市:五南。
簡貞玉譯(1996)。《消費者行為學》。臺北市:五南。(原書Sel I. Hawkins, Roger J. Best, & Kenneth A Coney [1995]. Consumer Behavior: Implications for Marketing Strategy(5^th).New York, NY: McGraw Hill.)
羅世宏譯(2006)。《傳播理論-起源、方法與應用》。臺北市:五南。(原書Werner J. Severin & James W. Tankard. Jr [1988]. Communication Theories Orgins, Methods, andUses in the Mass Media(4^th). New York, NY: Longman.)
曹君逸(2005)。《雜誌置入性行銷效果研究:閱聽人涉入度和置入情境適切性探討》。私立世新大學公共關係暨廣告研究所碩士論文。
墨人(2009年2月)。(別再搞欺負了-摩斯漢堡黃金蝦堡《被欺負》篇),《廣告雜誌》第213期,63。
二、英文文獻
Agrawal, J., & Kamakura, W. A. (1995). The economic worth of celebrity endorsers: An event study analysis. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 56.
A Lang.(2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication,50(1),46–70.
Amos, C., Holmes, G., & Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 209-234.
Anja Spilski, S. U. & Andrea Groeppel-Klein, S. U. (2008a). When Celebrity Endorsers Act as their Fictional Stage Characters: The Impact of Congruent and Non-Congruent Media Contexts on Advertising Effects. European Advances in Consumer Research.
Anja Spilski, S. U. & Andrea Groeppel-Klein, S. U. (2008b). The Persistence of Fictional Character Images beyond the Program and their Use in CelebrityEndorsement: Experimental Results from a Media Context Perspective. Advances in Consumer Research, 35.
Bargh, J. A., & Pietromonaco, P. (1982). Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 437-449.
Belch, G. E. (1981). An Examination of Comparative and Noncomparative Television Commercials: The Effects of Claim Variation and Repetition on Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 333-349.
Cacioppo, J. T. , & Petty, R. E. (1981). Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing procedure. In T. V. Merluzzi, C. R. Glass, & M. Genest (Eds.), Cognitive assessment (pp. 309-342). New York: Guilford.
Chaudhuri, A. (1999). Does Brand Loyalty Mediate Brand Equity Outcomes? Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 7(2), 136.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407-428.
Eagly, A.H.,& Chaiken, S.(1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL, US: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Fazio, R. H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. New York: Guilford Press.
Fazio, Russell H., and Carol J. Williams.(1986). Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of the Attitude-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Relations: An Investigation of the 1984 Presidential Election. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (September):505-14.
Freiden, J. B. (1984). Advertising Spokesperson Effects: An Examination of Endorser Type and Gender on Two Audiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(5), 33.
Greenwald, A.G. (1968). Cognitive learning, cognitive response to persuasion, and attitude change. In A.G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp. 147-170). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L.& Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communications and persuasion: Psychological studies in opinion change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
John A. Bargh and Shelly Chaiken, Rajen Govender & Felicia Pratto.(1992). The Generality of the Automatic Attitude Activation Effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 62(6), 893-912.
Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 954-961.
Kamins, M. A., Brand, M. J., Hoeke, S. A., & Moe, J. C. (1989). Two-Sided Versus One-Sided Celebrity Endorsements: The Impact on Advertising Effectiveness and Credibility. Journal of Advertising, 18(2), 4-10.
Keller, K. L. (1987).Memory Factors in Advertising: The Effect of Advertising Retrieval Cues on Brand Evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 316-333.
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22.
Keller, K. L. (1996). Brand Equity and Integrated Communication (pp. 103-132). In Integrated Communication: Synergy of persuasive voices, E. Thorson and J. Moore, Eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lutz, R. J., McKenzie, S. B., & Belch, G. E. (1983). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: Determinants and consequences. Advances in Consumer Research, 10(1), 532-539.
MacKenzie,S. B., Lutz R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The Role of Attitude toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1986), pp. 130-143.
Mackenzie, S. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1992). How Does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions? Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 519-529.
McCracken, G. (1989). Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 310-321.
McGuire, W. (1969). The nature of attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 136-314). MA: Rand McNally.
Michael W. Eysenck, Mark T. Keane.(2000).Cognitive Psychology: A Student`s Handbook. Psychology Press Ltd.
Mitchell, A. A., & Olson, J. C. (1981). Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude? Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 318-332.
Mowen, J. C., & Brown, S. W. (1981). On Explaining and Predicting the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorser. Advances in Consumer Research, 8(1), 437-441.
Nicholas A. Valentino, Vincent L. Hutchings, Ismail K. White.(2002). Cues That Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 96, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 75-90.
Norbert Schwarz & Gerd Bohner. (2001). The Construction of Attitudes. Intrapersonal Processes: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, pp. 436-457.
Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers` Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
Olson, J. C., Toy, D. R., & Dover, P. A. (1982). Do Cognitive Responses Mediate the Effects of Advertising Content on Cognitive Structure? Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 245-262.
Roskos-Ewoldsen, Klinger, & Roskos- Ewoldsen. (2007). Media Priming (pp. 174-93). Mass media effects research : advances through meta-analysis, Raymond W. Preiss.(2007). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.
Terence, A. S. (1981). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of consumer brand choice. Journal of Advertising (pre-1986), 10(000002), 9.
Tulving, E., & Psotka, J. (1971). Retroactive inhibition in free recall: Inaccessibility of information available in the memory store. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87(1), 1-8.
Wilkie, William.(1986),Consumer Behavior, New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Wright, P. L. (1973). The Cognitive Processes Mediating Acceptance of Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 53-62.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
97452002
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0974520021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張郁敏zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Yuh Miinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊春郁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yang, Chun Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊春郁zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yang, Chun Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Oct-2011 13:40:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Oct-2011 13:40:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Oct-2011 13:40:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0974520021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51669-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 廣告研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97452002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來,台灣戲劇演員以其劇中的角色和形象為品牌代言的廣告活動越來越多,包括電視廣告、活動代言等都常見偶像劇或電影演員以劇中形象出現。這種代言方式根據英國HPI市調公司的調查研究與歸納,將之稱為「轉進式(imported)」代言廣告(Pringle, 2004)。
      然而,儘管轉進式代言廣告越來越常見於台灣,但對於轉進式代言廣告相關的效果研究卻付之闕如。因此本研究整合名人代言效果與認知心理學、說服研究等相關理論,推導出共分為「記憶」、「認知反應效果」與「品牌態度」三階段的「轉進式代言vs.真實形象代言效果模式」,針對轉進式代言與名人真實形象代言的差異進行探討,並嘗試找出消費者觀看轉進式代言廣告時的資訊處理過程。
      本研究採實驗法的方式進行,以「代言類型」(轉進式代言/真實形象代言),以及「對名人真實形象態度」(正面/負面)做為主要影響因子;將「對角色形象態度」設為共變項,以「認知反應向度」為中介變項,「品牌態度」為依變項。設計出一2×2的多因子(factorial design)實驗設計並進行分析。
      正式實驗共蒐集358份有效樣本,研究結果顯示,觀看轉進式代言與真實形象代言兩種不同代言類型廣告的消費者,其產生的認知反應類型有顯著差異,並顯示觀看轉進式代言廣告的消費者會產生較多與戲劇和角色相關的想法。消費者對名人真實形象的正面態度會正向地反應在正面認知反應向度上;消費者對名人真實形象的負面態度則沒有顯著反應在負面認知反應向度上。最後,消費者的認知反應向度會正向的反應在品牌態度上,即當消費者產生之想法的態度會正向的反應在品牌態度上;「認知反應向度」在「(對名人真實形象態度)→(品牌態度)」的影響上有部分中介效果存在。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景 1
     第二節 問題陳述與研究目的 3
     第貳章 文獻探討 5
     第一節 轉進式代言定義 5
     第二節 名人代言理論基礎與模式 6
     一、來源模式(Source Model) 7
     二、平衡理論(Balance Theory) 8
     三、小結 10
     第三節 轉進式代言效果相關理論 14
     一、激發擴散模式(Spreading Activation Model) 14
     二、記憶提取線索(Retrieval Cues) 17
     三、促發效果(Priming Effect) 18
     四、認知反應(Cognitive Response) 19
     第四節 轉進式代言vs.真實形象代言效果模式 23
     第参章 研究方法 31
     第一節 研究架構 31
     第二節 研究方法選擇 33
     第三節 前測 34
     一、第一次前測:產品品類、品牌名稱與代言人的選擇 34
     二、第二次前測: 主實驗刺激物設計 41
     第四節 正式實驗 49
     一、實驗設計與刺激操弄 49
     二、實驗進行流程 50
     三、正式問卷設計 51
     第肆章 研究結果與分析 55
     第一節 樣本輪廓 55
     第二節 信度檢測 59
     第三節 操弄檢定 62
     第四節 假設驗證 66
     第伍章 結論與建議 75
     第一節 研究發現 75
     第二節 研究貢獻與檢討 81
     第三節 研究限制與建議 85
     參考文獻 86
     附錄一:第一次前測問卷 92
     附錄二:第二次前測問卷 97
     附錄三:正式實驗問卷(真實形象/轉進式代言版本) 100
     附錄四:正式實驗問卷(無代言人版本) 104
     附錄五:正式實驗廣告(真實形象代言版本) 107
     附錄六:正式實驗廣告(轉進式代言版本) 110
     附錄七:正式實驗廣告(無代言人版本) ……………………………………………...113
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0974520021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代言人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣告效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 品牌zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 轉進式代言zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知反應zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 轉進式代言廣告效果初探zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Exploration of the imported advertising effectsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方文熙(1991)。《正向情緒、涉入程度及論點數量對說服過程的影響》。私立中原大心理系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 呂雅惠(2008)。《業者如何運用名人代言塑造品牌性格》。私立世新大學公共關係暨廣告研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 波士特線上市調(2009)。〈2009年台製戲劇偏好〉,《波士特線上市調網》。上網日期:2009年10月10日,取自http://www.pollster.com.tw/report/565/index.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪蘭、曾志朗譯(1989)。《心理學實驗研究法》。臺北市:遠流。(原書Underwood & Shaughnessy [1975]. Experimentation in Psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳明隆(民96)。《spss操作與應用變異數分析實務》。臺北市:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐光國(民85)。《社會心理學》。臺北市:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐海琳(2009年2月)。(創意太超過好嗎?),《動腦雜誌》第394期,104-105。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳德嘉(1998)。《促發論點數量線索之不同意涵對說服的影響》,國立中正大學心理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張哲鳴、陳幼英(2009年10月18日)。(趙又廷稱帝冒出4大黑幕 被譏假哭謝仔仔),《蘋果日報》,取自http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/32024702/IssueID/20091018zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (奪影帝挨批假哭 趙又廷:我是真心的)(2009年11月3日)。《今日新聞網》。取自http://www.nownews.com/2009/11/03/340-2528249.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈陳喬恩、賴雅妍 新廣告融入走紅角色〉(2009 年4月2日)。《聯合報》,第D3版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈敗犬太入戲 溫昇豪恨戴綠帽〉(2009 年4月29日)。《聯合報》,第D1版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (《痞子英雄》趙又廷 陳意涵戲外再牽手)(2009年3月12日)。《新浪網》。取自http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/h/p/2009-03-13/11412417521.shtmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃治蘋譯(2005)。《C行銷:第一本名人代言行銷聖經》。臺北市:早安財經文化。(原書Pringle, H. [2004]. Celebrity Sells. London: John Wiley & Sons.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃秀瑄、林瑞欽編譯(1991)。《認知心理學》。臺北市:師大書苑。(原書John B. Best [1989]. Cognitive Psychology. CA: Wadsworth.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 褚姵君(2010年1月25日)。(趙又廷被批假哭 阮經天「你最屌」簡訊力挺),《華視新聞》,取自http://news.cts.com.tw/udn/entertain/201001/201001250396328.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊治良、郭力平、王沛、陳寧編著(民90)。《記憶心理學》。臺北市:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 簡貞玉譯(1996)。《消費者行為學》。臺北市:五南。(原書Sel I. Hawkins, Roger J. Best, & Kenneth A Coney [1995]. Consumer Behavior: Implications for Marketing Strategy(5^th).New York, NY: McGraw Hill.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅世宏譯(2006)。《傳播理論-起源、方法與應用》。臺北市:五南。(原書Werner J. Severin & James W. Tankard. Jr [1988]. Communication Theories Orgins, Methods, andUses in the Mass Media(4^th). New York, NY: Longman.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曹君逸(2005)。《雜誌置入性行銷效果研究:閱聽人涉入度和置入情境適切性探討》。私立世新大學公共關係暨廣告研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 墨人(2009年2月)。(別再搞欺負了-摩斯漢堡黃金蝦堡《被欺負》篇),《廣告雜誌》第213期,63。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agrawal, J., & Kamakura, W. A. (1995). The economic worth of celebrity endorsers: An event study analysis. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) A Lang.(2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication,50(1),46–70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amos, C., Holmes, G., & Strutton, D. (2008). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 209-234.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anja Spilski, S. U. & Andrea Groeppel-Klein, S. U. (2008a). When Celebrity Endorsers Act as their Fictional Stage Characters: The Impact of Congruent and Non-Congruent Media Contexts on Advertising Effects. European Advances in Consumer Research.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anja Spilski, S. U. & Andrea Groeppel-Klein, S. U. (2008b). The Persistence of Fictional Character Images beyond the Program and their Use in CelebrityEndorsement: Experimental Results from a Media Context Perspective. Advances in Consumer Research, 35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bargh, J. A., & Pietromonaco, P. (1982). Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 437-449.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Belch, G. E. (1981). An Examination of Comparative and Noncomparative Television Commercials: The Effects of Claim Variation and Repetition on Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 333-349.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cacioppo, J. T. , & Petty, R. E. (1981). Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing procedure. In T. V. Merluzzi, C. R. Glass, & M. Genest (Eds.), Cognitive assessment (pp. 309-342). New York: Guilford.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chaudhuri, A. (1999). Does Brand Loyalty Mediate Brand Equity Outcomes? Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 7(2), 136.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407-428.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eagly, A.H.,& Chaiken, S.(1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL, US: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fazio, R. H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. New York: Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fazio, Russell H., and Carol J. Williams.(1986). Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of the Attitude-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Relations: An Investigation of the 1984 Presidential Election. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (September):505-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freiden, J. B. (1984). Advertising Spokesperson Effects: An Examination of Endorser Type and Gender on Two Audiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(5), 33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenwald, A.G. (1968). Cognitive learning, cognitive response to persuasion, and attitude change. In A.G. Greenwald, T. C. Brock, & T. M. Ostrom (Eds), Psychological foundations of attitudes (pp. 147-170). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L.& Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communications and persuasion: Psychological studies in opinion change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) John A. Bargh and Shelly Chaiken, Rajen Govender & Felicia Pratto.(1992). The Generality of the Automatic Attitude Activation Effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 62(6), 893-912.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 954-961.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kamins, M. A., Brand, M. J., Hoeke, S. A., & Moe, J. C. (1989). Two-Sided Versus One-Sided Celebrity Endorsements: The Impact on Advertising Effectiveness and Credibility. Journal of Advertising, 18(2), 4-10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keller, K. L. (1987).Memory Factors in Advertising: The Effect of Advertising Retrieval Cues on Brand Evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 316-333.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keller, K. L. (1996). Brand Equity and Integrated Communication (pp. 103-132). In Integrated Communication: Synergy of persuasive voices, E. Thorson and J. Moore, Eds. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lutz, R. J., McKenzie, S. B., & Belch, G. E. (1983). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: Determinants and consequences. Advances in Consumer Research, 10(1), 532-539.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacKenzie,S. B., Lutz R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The Role of Attitude toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1986), pp. 130-143.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mackenzie, S. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1992). How Does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions? Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 519-529.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCracken, G. (1989). Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 310-321.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGuire, W. (1969). The nature of attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 136-314). MA: Rand McNally.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Michael W. Eysenck, Mark T. Keane.(2000).Cognitive Psychology: A Student`s Handbook. Psychology Press Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mitchell, A. A., & Olson, J. C. (1981). Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude? Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 318-332.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mowen, J. C., & Brown, S. W. (1981). On Explaining and Predicting the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorser. Advances in Consumer Research, 8(1), 437-441.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholas A. Valentino, Vincent L. Hutchings, Ismail K. White.(2002). Cues That Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 96, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 75-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Norbert Schwarz & Gerd Bohner. (2001). The Construction of Attitudes. Intrapersonal Processes: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, pp. 436-457.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers` Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Olson, J. C., Toy, D. R., & Dover, P. A. (1982). Do Cognitive Responses Mediate the Effects of Advertising Content on Cognitive Structure? Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 245-262.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roskos-Ewoldsen, Klinger, & Roskos- Ewoldsen. (2007). Media Priming (pp. 174-93). Mass media effects research : advances through meta-analysis, Raymond W. Preiss.(2007). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Terence, A. S. (1981). Attitude toward the ad as a mediator of consumer brand choice. Journal of Advertising (pre-1986), 10(000002), 9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tulving, E., & Psotka, J. (1971). Retroactive inhibition in free recall: Inaccessibility of information available in the memory store. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 87(1), 1-8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkie, William.(1986),Consumer Behavior, New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wright, P. L. (1973). The Cognitive Processes Mediating Acceptance of Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 53-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW