學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 台灣生技製藥公司海外直接投資進入模式之研究—以中國大陸市場為例
Entry mode choices of foreign direct investments for Taiwan’s biotech-pharmaceutical company: an empirical study of China market
作者 林書進
Lin, Shu Chin
貢獻者 洪叔民
林書進
Lin, Shu Chin
關鍵詞 生技製藥公司
海外直接投資
進入模式
國際企業
國際策略管理
Biotech-pharmaceutical companies
Foreign direct investment
Entry mode
International business
International management
日期 2010
上傳時間 17-Apr-2012 09:13:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來中國大陸以其廣大的市場及較低的人力成本優勢,成為外資及台商競相投資的市場,台灣各產業莫不以進入中國市場為營運發展的重要目標。國內生技製藥產業在這一波投資中國熱中,也嘗試從生產、銷售、行銷、代工及研發等不同面向切入,以掌握商機及尋求企業的永續經營與成長。

本論文著眼於研究台商生技製藥公司在進入中國大陸市場時,所選擇的海外直接投資之進入模式分析。並以John H. Dunning對外投資之折衷理論為研究架構,從「所有權優勢」、「區位優勢」及「內部化優勢」等構面,來分析台灣生技醫藥公司的中國市場進入模式。藉由國內生技製藥公司的企業訪談及上市櫃公司公開資訊的分析,以及次級資料與公開報導的整理,以瞭解台商生技製藥公司在大陸的直接投資進入模式及影響投資決策的關鍵因素及公司優勢。
本研究共訪談國內四家生技製藥公司。研究發現,生技製藥台商在中國市場的進入模式選擇,主要可能受到區位優勢決定因素的影響,而決定因素則可分為市場導向、資源取得導向及風險評估等三項。本研究將有助於瞭解國內生技製藥業,在中國進行跨國經營與投資的決策考量,並裨益國際企業領域及國際策略管理的理論與實務發展。
Over the past years, China has attracted much investment from Taiwan companies and foreign companies due to its advantages of board markets and low-cost labors. Companies in Taiwan also set “enter China market “as a goal in their business planning. Upon this wave of “Invest China fever” , the domestic Biotech & pharmaceutical companies have no doubt approached their business target by entering China market through different operations, that is, production, sales, marketing, out-sourcing, and research & development, etc to catch the opportunities and sustainable growth of business

The objectives of the study were to analyze the entry mode of China market Taiwan biotech & pharmaceutical companies have conducted their foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on the theory of the eclectic paradigm of FDI initiated by John H. Dunning as a research framework, from the perspectives of Ownership advantages, Location advantages, and Internalization advantages, the analysis for the entry mode of FDI and the Key factors as well as company advantages to affect the decision were employed to examine both the primary data and secondary data. Primary data consisted of the interviews of domestic pharmaceutical companies and the data statistics from the Market Observation Post System (Taiwan stock market). Meanwhile, secondary data was collected from the news and the reports of the journals, magazines, and the websites.

Four Biotech-pharmaceutical companies were interviewed in this study. The result shows that Location advantages may be the major factors for FDI in China of Taiwan companies. The factors consist of market -oriented, resources -oriented, and risk assessment factors. This study will contribute the strategic considerations for Taiwan international companies that operate foreign Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical business in China. This study also suggests the strategy for the international business and international management both in theory and the practice.
參考文獻 一. 中文部份
1. DJ財經知識庫,2010/ 7/10取自2010:http://www.funddj.com/kmdj/news/NewsViewer.
2. ITIS醫藥產業年鑑2005。
3. 中天生物科技公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.microbio.com.tw
4. 中時電子報,2010/7/30取自網站:http://news.chinatimes.com/tech/
5. 中國化學製藥股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站: http://www.ccpc.com.tw
6. 友華生技股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.oep.com.tw/cht/index.aspx
7. 永信藥品工業股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.ysp.com.tw
8. 司徒達賢,1995。資源基礎理論與企業競爭優勢關係之探討,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。
9. 行政院,2009。臺灣生技起飛鑽石行動方案,2010/8/30取自網站http://www.ey.gov.tw/ct.asp
10. 吳宜靜,2005。中小企業赴大陸投資之市場進入模式與績效影響因素之折衷分析,碩士論文,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班。
11. 杏輝醫藥集團,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.sinphar.com
12. 旭富製藥科技公司,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.sci-pharmtech.com.tw/
13. 林明定,2004。台灣生技醫藥產業中國佈局策略之研究,碩士論文,國立中山大學國際高階經營碩士學程碩士在職專班。
14. 佳醫集團,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.excelsior.com.tw/
15. 信東生技股份有限,2010/7/18取自公司網站:http://www.sintong.com
16. 美吾華公司,2010/7/19取自網站:http://www.maywufa.com.tw
17. 周雅雲,2005。影響我國生物科技廠商財務績效之因素,碩士論文,東吳大學經濟學系。
18. 晟德大藥廠,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.centerlab.com.tw
19. 翁啟惠,2007。生技製藥產業在台灣的發展,2007年總統府月會專題報告,中央研究院。
20. 夏松喬,2007。海外直接投資對台灣生技廠商營運績效影響之研究,碩士論文,國立高雄大雄經濟管理研究所。
21. 陳忠榮、楊志海,1999。台灣對外直接投資的決定因素---擴張型與防禦型的比較,經濟論文叢刊第27輯第2期。
22. 臺灣神隆股份有限公司,2010/7/20取自網站:http://www.scinopharm.com.tw/
23. 臺灣東洋藥品,2010/7/20取自網站:http://www.tty.com.tw
24. 慧典市場研究報告網,2010/7/20取自網站http://www.hdcmr.com/
25. 歐斐生,2002。台灣生技產業經營環境與經營分析模式的應用探討,碩士論文,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班。
26. 楊旻翰,1990。台灣生技產業前景及各國發展模式分析,碩士論文,國立中央大學企業管理研究所。
27. 楊珮菁,2005。從Michael Porter與Philip Kotler理論看臺灣CGMP國資藥廠的經營策略,碩士論文,逢甲大學經營管理碩士在職專班。
28. 蕭書綺,2004。企業資源與國際化動機對國際化進入時機影響之研究,碩士論文,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班。
二. 英文部份
1. Agarwal, S, & Ramaswami, S. N. (1992). Choice of foreign market entry mode: Impact of ownership, location and internalization factors, Journal of International Business Studies, 23(1): 1-27.
2. Rugman, A. M. & Verbeke, A. (2002). Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: Internalization and strategic management perspectives, Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1): 125-137.
3. Farino, A. (2009). A brave new path for pharma, Pharmaceutical Technology, ABI/INFORM Global, 33(9): 90.
4. Bagchi-Sen, S. (2007). Strategic considerations for innovation and commercialization in the US biotechnology sector, European Planning Studies, 15(6): 753-766.
5. Baliga, B. R. & Jaeger, A. M. (1984). Multinational corporations: Control systems and delegation issues, Journal of International Business Studies, 15(2): 25-39.
6. Bernstein Research. (2009). Global pharmaceuticals: Emerging markets should infuse badly needed revenues for years to come.
7. Bower, D.J & Sulej, J.C. (2007). The India challenge: The evolution of a successful new global strategy in the pharmaceutical industry, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(5): 611-624.
8. Buckley, P. J. & Casson, M. (1976). The future of the multinational enterprise. New York: Holmes & Meier.
9. Jackson, D. (2010). The pharmaceutical market outlook to 2010, Business Insights.
10. Cave, R.E. (1974). Causes of direct investment: Foreign firm’s shares in Canadian and United Kingdom manufacturing industries, Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3): 279-293.
11. Cave, R.E. (1982). Multinational enterprise and economics analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Collis, D. J. & Rukstad, M. G. (2008). Can you say what your strategy is? Harvard Business Review, 86(4): 82-90.
13. Contractor, F. J. (2007). Is international business good for companies? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspectives, Management International Review, 47(3): 453-475.
14. Collis, D. J. & Montgomery, C. A. (1998). Creating corporate advantage, Harvard Business Review, 76(3): 70-83.
15. Dunning, J. H. (1980). Towards an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1): 9-31.
16. Dunning, J. H. (1988). The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 1-31.
17. ERNST & YOUNG (2009), Beyond borders: Global biotechnology report 2009.
18. Fayerweather, John (1969). “Canadian foreign investment policy” Califormia Management Review, 17(3): 74-83.
19. Gaba, V., Pan, Y. and Ungson, G. (2002). Timing of entry in international market: An empirical study of U.S. fortune 500 firms in China, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1): 39-55.
20. Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K. (1989). Strategic intent, Harvard Business Review. 67(3): 63-78.
21. Heenan, D. A., & Perlmutter, H. V. (1979). Multinational organization development: A social architecture perspective. Reading, Mass.: Addision- Wesley.
22. Hill, C.W.L., & Jones, G.R. (1998). Strategic management theory: An integrated approach. (4th edition). Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company,.
23. Hitt, A.M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E. (1997). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (2nd edition). Minnesota, USA: West Publishing Company.
24. Horst, T. (1972). Firms and industry determinants of the decision to invest abroad: An empirical study, Review of Economics and Statistics, 54: 258-266.
25. Hymer, S. H. (1960). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. IMS Health market prognosis, March 2009.
27. Johanson, J. & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The Internationalization of the firm- Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3): 305-322.
28. Kojima, K. (1973). A macroeconomic approach to foreign direct investment, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 14: 1-21.
29. Lee, Cheng-Wen. (2007). Strategic alliances influence on small and medium firm performance, Journal of Business Research, 60(7): 731-741.
30. Lieberman, M. B. & Montgomery, D. B. (1988). First-Mover advantages, Strategic Management Journal, 9: 41-58.
31. Morris, M. H. & Kuratko, D. F. (2002). Corporate entrepreneurship. Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishers.
32. Nirmalya, K. (2006). Strategies to fight low-cost rivals. Harvard Business Review. 84(12): 104-12.
33. Ozawa, T. (1979). International investment and industrial structure: New theoretical implications from the Japanese experience, Oxford Economics Paper, 31(1): 72-92.
34. Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy, Harvard Business Review, 86(1): 78-93.
35. Porter, M. E. (1986). Changing patterns of international competition, California Management Review, 28(2): 9-38.
36. Padmanabhan, P. & Cho, K. R. (1996). Ownership strategy for a foreign affiliate: An empirical investigation of Japanese firms, Management International Review, 36(1): 45-65.
37. Robison, R.D. (1984). Internationalization of business: An introduction (2nd Edition). Hinsdale, Illinois: Dryden Press.
38. Davis, S & Meyer, C., (2000). What will replace the tech economy? Time, 155(21):76-7.
39. Stefanovic, S. (2008). Analytical framework of FDI determinants: Implementation of OLI model, FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Economics and Organization, 5(3): 239-249.
40. Tabata, Yorozu & Albani, Chris, (2008). Globalising clinical development in Japan, Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 14(I): 73-78.
41. Teece J. David (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy, Research Policy, 15: 285-305.
42. Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product life cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80: 190-207.
43. Kim, W.C & Mauborgne, R. A., (2004). Blue ocean strategy, Harvard Business Review, 82(10): 76-84.
44. Welch, Lawrence S. & Loustarinen, Reijo (1988). Internationalization: Evolution of a concept, Journal of General Management, 14(2): 34-55.
45. Williamson, O. E. (1975). The transaction cost of economics: The governance of contractual relations, The Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2): 233-261.
46. Williamson, O. E. (1981). The economics of organization: The transaction of cost approach, The American Journal of Sociology, 87(3): 548-577.
47. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institution of capitalism. New York: Free Press.
48. Williamson, O. E., Winter, S. G. & Coase, R. H. (1991). The nature of the firm: Origins, evolution and development. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Yang, J. Z. (1998). Key success factors of multinational firms in China, Thunderbird International Business Review, 40(6): 633-668.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
商管專業學院碩士學位學程(AMBA)
96380038
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096380038
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 洪叔民zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林書進zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Shu Chinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林書進zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Shu Chinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Apr-2012 09:13:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Apr-2012 09:13:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Apr-2012 09:13:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096380038en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52751-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 商管專業學院碩士學位學程(AMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96380038zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來中國大陸以其廣大的市場及較低的人力成本優勢,成為外資及台商競相投資的市場,台灣各產業莫不以進入中國市場為營運發展的重要目標。國內生技製藥產業在這一波投資中國熱中,也嘗試從生產、銷售、行銷、代工及研發等不同面向切入,以掌握商機及尋求企業的永續經營與成長。

本論文著眼於研究台商生技製藥公司在進入中國大陸市場時,所選擇的海外直接投資之進入模式分析。並以John H. Dunning對外投資之折衷理論為研究架構,從「所有權優勢」、「區位優勢」及「內部化優勢」等構面,來分析台灣生技醫藥公司的中國市場進入模式。藉由國內生技製藥公司的企業訪談及上市櫃公司公開資訊的分析,以及次級資料與公開報導的整理,以瞭解台商生技製藥公司在大陸的直接投資進入模式及影響投資決策的關鍵因素及公司優勢。
本研究共訪談國內四家生技製藥公司。研究發現,生技製藥台商在中國市場的進入模式選擇,主要可能受到區位優勢決定因素的影響,而決定因素則可分為市場導向、資源取得導向及風險評估等三項。本研究將有助於瞭解國內生技製藥業,在中國進行跨國經營與投資的決策考量,並裨益國際企業領域及國際策略管理的理論與實務發展。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Over the past years, China has attracted much investment from Taiwan companies and foreign companies due to its advantages of board markets and low-cost labors. Companies in Taiwan also set “enter China market “as a goal in their business planning. Upon this wave of “Invest China fever” , the domestic Biotech & pharmaceutical companies have no doubt approached their business target by entering China market through different operations, that is, production, sales, marketing, out-sourcing, and research & development, etc to catch the opportunities and sustainable growth of business

The objectives of the study were to analyze the entry mode of China market Taiwan biotech & pharmaceutical companies have conducted their foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on the theory of the eclectic paradigm of FDI initiated by John H. Dunning as a research framework, from the perspectives of Ownership advantages, Location advantages, and Internalization advantages, the analysis for the entry mode of FDI and the Key factors as well as company advantages to affect the decision were employed to examine both the primary data and secondary data. Primary data consisted of the interviews of domestic pharmaceutical companies and the data statistics from the Market Observation Post System (Taiwan stock market). Meanwhile, secondary data was collected from the news and the reports of the journals, magazines, and the websites.

Four Biotech-pharmaceutical companies were interviewed in this study. The result shows that Location advantages may be the major factors for FDI in China of Taiwan companies. The factors consist of market -oriented, resources -oriented, and risk assessment factors. This study will contribute the strategic considerations for Taiwan international companies that operate foreign Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical business in China. This study also suggests the strategy for the international business and international management both in theory and the practice.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 9
一. 研究背景與動機 9
二. 研究目的 11
三. 研究範圍 11
四. 研究流程 14
第二章 文獻探討 16
一. 海外投資 16
1. 海外投資因素 16
2. 海外投資與進入時機 20
二. 經營策略 20
1. 策略理論 21
2. 經營策略與競爭優勢 21
三. 生技醫藥產業經營策略相關研究 23
1. 經營及佈局策略 23
2. 競爭優勢 24
3. 外商生技製藥業在中國的發展策略 24
四. 企業國際化與策略管理 25
1. 企業國際化的理論 25
2. 國際策略管理 26
第三章 研究架構與方法 28
一. 研究架構 28
二. 研究方法 29
第四章 研究產業發展概況 29
一. 生技製藥產業的定義、範圍與特性: 29
二. 全球生技製藥產業概況 30
三. 台灣生技製藥產業概況 34
1. 產業的概況 34
2. 產業價值鏈、面臨問題及五力分析 39
3. 台灣生技製藥上市櫃公司競爭優勢分析 44
四. 大陸生技製藥產業概況 45
第五章 研究結果與分析 49
一. 上市櫃醫藥生技公司大陸投資狀況分析 49
二. 研究假設的提出 60
三. 廠商訪談 62
第六章 結論與建議 78
一、 研究結論 78
二、 管理意涵 79
三、 研究限制 80
四、未來研究建議 80
參考文獻 81
附件 85
附件一、訪談問題大綱 85
附件二、訪談公司介紹 86
附件三、生技製藥上市櫃公司簡介 90
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096380038en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生技製藥公司zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海外直接投資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 進入模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際企業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際策略管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Biotech-pharmaceutical companiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foreign direct investmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Entry modeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International businessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International managementen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣生技製藥公司海外直接投資進入模式之研究—以中國大陸市場為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Entry mode choices of foreign direct investments for Taiwan’s biotech-pharmaceutical company: an empirical study of China marketen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一. 中文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. DJ財經知識庫,2010/ 7/10取自2010:http://www.funddj.com/kmdj/news/NewsViewer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. ITIS醫藥產業年鑑2005。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. 中天生物科技公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.microbio.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. 中時電子報,2010/7/30取自網站:http://news.chinatimes.com/tech/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. 中國化學製藥股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站: http://www.ccpc.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. 友華生技股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.oep.com.tw/cht/index.aspxzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. 永信藥品工業股份有限公司,2010/7/15取自網站:http://www.ysp.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. 司徒達賢,1995。資源基礎理論與企業競爭優勢關係之探討,行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. 行政院,2009。臺灣生技起飛鑽石行動方案,2010/8/30取自網站http://www.ey.gov.tw/ct.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. 吳宜靜,2005。中小企業赴大陸投資之市場進入模式與績效影響因素之折衷分析,碩士論文,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. 杏輝醫藥集團,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.sinphar.comzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. 旭富製藥科技公司,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.sci-pharmtech.com.tw/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. 林明定,2004。台灣生技醫藥產業中國佈局策略之研究,碩士論文,國立中山大學國際高階經營碩士學程碩士在職專班。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. 佳醫集團,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.excelsior.com.tw/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. 信東生技股份有限,2010/7/18取自公司網站:http://www.sintong.comzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. 美吾華公司,2010/7/19取自網站:http://www.maywufa.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. 周雅雲,2005。影響我國生物科技廠商財務績效之因素,碩士論文,東吳大學經濟學系。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. 晟德大藥廠,2010/7/18取自網站:http://www.centerlab.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. 翁啟惠,2007。生技製藥產業在台灣的發展,2007年總統府月會專題報告,中央研究院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. 夏松喬,2007。海外直接投資對台灣生技廠商營運績效影響之研究,碩士論文,國立高雄大雄經濟管理研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. 陳忠榮、楊志海,1999。台灣對外直接投資的決定因素---擴張型與防禦型的比較,經濟論文叢刊第27輯第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. 臺灣神隆股份有限公司,2010/7/20取自網站:http://www.scinopharm.com.tw/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. 臺灣東洋藥品,2010/7/20取自網站:http://www.tty.com.twzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. 慧典市場研究報告網,2010/7/20取自網站http://www.hdcmr.com/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. 歐斐生,2002。台灣生技產業經營環境與經營分析模式的應用探討,碩士論文,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. 楊旻翰,1990。台灣生技產業前景及各國發展模式分析,碩士論文,國立中央大學企業管理研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. 楊珮菁,2005。從Michael Porter與Philip Kotler理論看臺灣CGMP國資藥廠的經營策略,碩士論文,逢甲大學經營管理碩士在職專班。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. 蕭書綺,2004。企業資源與國際化動機對國際化進入時機影響之研究,碩士論文,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二. 英文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Agarwal, S, & Ramaswami, S. N. (1992). Choice of foreign market entry mode: Impact of ownership, location and internalization factors, Journal of International Business Studies, 23(1): 1-27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Rugman, A. M. & Verbeke, A. (2002). Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: Internalization and strategic management perspectives, Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1): 125-137.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Farino, A. (2009). A brave new path for pharma, Pharmaceutical Technology, ABI/INFORM Global, 33(9): 90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Bagchi-Sen, S. (2007). Strategic considerations for innovation and commercialization in the US biotechnology sector, European Planning Studies, 15(6): 753-766.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Baliga, B. R. & Jaeger, A. M. (1984). Multinational corporations: Control systems and delegation issues, Journal of International Business Studies, 15(2): 25-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Bernstein Research. (2009). Global pharmaceuticals: Emerging markets should infuse badly needed revenues for years to come.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Bower, D.J & Sulej, J.C. (2007). The India challenge: The evolution of a successful new global strategy in the pharmaceutical industry, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(5): 611-624.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Buckley, P. J. & Casson, M. (1976). The future of the multinational enterprise. New York: Holmes & Meier.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Jackson, D. (2010). The pharmaceutical market outlook to 2010, Business Insights.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Cave, R.E. (1974). Causes of direct investment: Foreign firm’s shares in Canadian and United Kingdom manufacturing industries, Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3): 279-293.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Cave, R.E. (1982). Multinational enterprise and economics analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Collis, D. J. & Rukstad, M. G. (2008). Can you say what your strategy is? Harvard Business Review, 86(4): 82-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Contractor, F. J. (2007). Is international business good for companies? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspectives, Management International Review, 47(3): 453-475.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Collis, D. J. & Montgomery, C. A. (1998). Creating corporate advantage, Harvard Business Review, 76(3): 70-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Dunning, J. H. (1980). Towards an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1): 9-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Dunning, J. H. (1988). The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 1-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. ERNST & YOUNG (2009), Beyond borders: Global biotechnology report 2009.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Fayerweather, John (1969). “Canadian foreign investment policy” Califormia Management Review, 17(3): 74-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Gaba, V., Pan, Y. and Ungson, G. (2002). Timing of entry in international market: An empirical study of U.S. fortune 500 firms in China, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1): 39-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K. (1989). Strategic intent, Harvard Business Review. 67(3): 63-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Heenan, D. A., & Perlmutter, H. V. (1979). Multinational organization development: A social architecture perspective. Reading, Mass.: Addision- Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Hill, C.W.L., & Jones, G.R. (1998). Strategic management theory: An integrated approach. (4th edition). Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company,.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Hitt, A.M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E. (1997). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization (2nd edition). Minnesota, USA: West Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Horst, T. (1972). Firms and industry determinants of the decision to invest abroad: An empirical study, Review of Economics and Statistics, 54: 258-266.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Hymer, S. H. (1960). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. IMS Health market prognosis, March 2009.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Johanson, J. & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975). The Internationalization of the firm- Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3): 305-322.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Kojima, K. (1973). A macroeconomic approach to foreign direct investment, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 14: 1-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Lee, Cheng-Wen. (2007). Strategic alliances influence on small and medium firm performance, Journal of Business Research, 60(7): 731-741.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Lieberman, M. B. & Montgomery, D. B. (1988). First-Mover advantages, Strategic Management Journal, 9: 41-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Morris, M. H. & Kuratko, D. F. (2002). Corporate entrepreneurship. Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Nirmalya, K. (2006). Strategies to fight low-cost rivals. Harvard Business Review. 84(12): 104-12.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Ozawa, T. (1979). International investment and industrial structure: New theoretical implications from the Japanese experience, Oxford Economics Paper, 31(1): 72-92.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy, Harvard Business Review, 86(1): 78-93.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. Porter, M. E. (1986). Changing patterns of international competition, California Management Review, 28(2): 9-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. Padmanabhan, P. & Cho, K. R. (1996). Ownership strategy for a foreign affiliate: An empirical investigation of Japanese firms, Management International Review, 36(1): 45-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. Robison, R.D. (1984). Internationalization of business: An introduction (2nd Edition). Hinsdale, Illinois: Dryden Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. Davis, S & Meyer, C., (2000). What will replace the tech economy? Time, 155(21):76-7.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. Stefanovic, S. (2008). Analytical framework of FDI determinants: Implementation of OLI model, FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Economics and Organization, 5(3): 239-249.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. Tabata, Yorozu & Albani, Chris, (2008). Globalising clinical development in Japan, Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 14(I): 73-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Teece J. David (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy, Research Policy, 15: 285-305.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42. Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product life cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80: 190-207.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43. Kim, W.C & Mauborgne, R. A., (2004). Blue ocean strategy, Harvard Business Review, 82(10): 76-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44. Welch, Lawrence S. & Loustarinen, Reijo (1988). Internationalization: Evolution of a concept, Journal of General Management, 14(2): 34-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45. Williamson, O. E. (1975). The transaction cost of economics: The governance of contractual relations, The Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2): 233-261.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46. Williamson, O. E. (1981). The economics of organization: The transaction of cost approach, The American Journal of Sociology, 87(3): 548-577.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institution of capitalism. New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48. Williamson, O. E., Winter, S. G. & Coase, R. H. (1991). The nature of the firm: Origins, evolution and development. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49. Yang, J. Z. (1998). Key success factors of multinational firms in China, Thunderbird International Business Review, 40(6): 633-668.zh_TW