dc.contributor.advisor | 顧忠華 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | 劉育成 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (作者) | Liu ,Yu Cheng | en_US |
dc.creator (作者) | 劉育成 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | Liu ,Yu Cheng | en_US |
dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 17-四月-2012 09:26:16 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 17-四月-2012 09:26:16 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-四月-2012 09:26:16 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) | G0094254501 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52816 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 博士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 社會學研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 94254501 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本論文從系統分化的社會演化觀點嘗試提出對現代民主之內涵與民主化開展之可能性的另種論述。本文中所提及的「民主」與民主化不一定跳脫西方世界對相關概念的想像與定義,但在嘗試將「民主」視為政治系統用以描述自身之方式的這個主張而言,無論是西方式民主或者是其他種類的民主均能夠含括於其中。此外,民主化的開展僅被視為政治系統朝向「民主」的一種系統分化的社會演化過程。西方國家對民主的界定則是在此分化的演化發展中,透過宗教與政治、宗教與法律,以及政治與法律等系統彼此之間、以及從社會中分化出來而取得之形式「之一」。這是一個對系統而言不斷增加複雜性的過程,也正是在此過程中,對於民主或民主化之內容的界定變得越來越不容易。在本論文對西方與台灣民主化過程的探究中,嘗試指出的是一個類似的功能分化的社會演化與系統內部分化的相互辯證過程。這個辯證過程使現代「民主」概念得以作為一個「未預期之後果」而出現。宗教對信仰自由的維護與對人權的爭取毋寧是來自於自身的信仰元素。換句話說,與之有關的論述是以一種自我指涉的運作方式而獲得實現。此種不斷回到自身之信仰以尋求論述之正當性的作法在操作上賦予了這些論述正當性,這便是系統的自我指涉運作。就此而言,系統毋寧是封閉的,其在自身之中不斷地自我生產有關信仰自由與人權的論述。然而,也正是因為其運作上的封閉,使得宗教(長老教會)所生產出來的論述與接續之行動均能夠在內部獲得支持,從而對自身而言具有正當性。這個正當性也成為其能夠進行觀察與自我描述的基礎。從系統論的觀點而言,長老教會在政治與社會關懷的論述與行動上,便是以封閉為基礎的開放性自我指涉運作。若非以此自我指涉的封閉且開放之運作為其系統形成的特性,那麼論述與行動的正當性便易於受到質疑,甚至無法獲得系統內部的支持。據此,現代社會以功能為主要分化形式的系統形成,至少在時間面向上均必須取得自我指涉或自主性運作上的正當性。這個正當性決定於系統在多大程度上能夠持續地維持與其環境的界線。長老教會對人權與信仰自由的主張與論述的建構,或許是與政治系統對相同論題的溝通存在著無法跨越的差異。這個差異同時也標示的是宗教與政治系統之間的那個界線,而這個差異的維持在系統分化的社會演化過程中,使得「民主(化)」作為政治系統乃至於社會描述自身的語意是可能的。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This thesis draws on Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems, and examines the relationship between religion and democratization in Taiwan. In order to advance the analysis and to make some helpful suggestions, two points are firstly highlighted. One is the concept of democracy itself, and the other is the descriptions of it by the political system and by other social systems within society. The word ‘democracy’ has long history since ancient Greek city-state, however, its modern use and the meaning of it can possibly date back to the Middle ages, especially to the sixteenth century. Modern concept of democracy relates to the tradition of monotheism, in this case referring to the Reformation and later to the formation of Western political philosophy. The second point argues that ‘democracy’ is simply a self-description of society, and its realization lies in the transformation of the form of differentiation from hierarchical to functional. Luhmann would like to link the semantics to social evolution, by which he can investigate and explore the dialectical process between semantics and structures. The analysis of the relationship between democracy and democratization refers to this dialectical process, concerning systems differentiation and social evolution. Issues relating to democratization, the consolidation of democracies, and their discontented consequences, etc. need to be reconsidered in the sense that the concept of democracy and its modern descriptions utilize a ‘paradox’ which must be hidden while forming and maintaining identities, whether they be societies, nations, or individuals. This constitutes both positive and negative sides of the development of democracy, and also leads to crises gradually confronted by those ‘matured’ democratic Western countries and also by some third-wave democratizing regions. Among them exists a similar problem which will be discussed in this thesis: the concept of democracy and its modern developments are increasingly eroding its own foundation when the differentiation of subsystems and the evolution of society both go too far. This by no means indicates that there will not be any democracy in the near future. Instead, as an observer observing observations, this thesis inquires our present situations while at the same time attempting at offering some possible and also suitable questions from systems theory perspective. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 導論 6第一節 引言 6第二節 研究動機:從啟蒙理性到社會學啟蒙 8第三節 問題意識:宗教與政治系統的分化作為民主化開展的條件? 13第四節 宗教與民主化發展之關係:台灣基督長老教會的地位 18第五節 各章節略述 23第二章 宗教與政治系統的分化:一個社會系統理論觀點 29第一節 引言 29第二節 民主化如何可能?宗教、政治系統與「國家」 322.1 宗教與政治系統的分化 432.2 權力:政治系統的溝通媒介 47第三節 政治系統的內部分化作為對民主的觀察 513.1 政治對立作為「民主化」開展的關鍵:系統內部分化與社會演化的相互指涉 513.2 複雜性與民主、民主化 58第四節 民主化作為結構與過程的辯證 63第三章 一個西方歷史的考察:改革宗傳統作為宗教與政治分化的原型 67第一節 國家與教會、世俗之國與神之國:系統分化的開端 67第二節 路德與宗教改革:兩份文件 71第三節 加爾文與改革宗傳統:從信仰到政治行動 76第四節 諾克斯與蘇格蘭長老教會 81第五節 從神聖╱世俗到超越╱內在:洛克與魯曼 88第六節 從加爾文主義到台灣基督長老教會:一個理論架構的提出 96第四章 宗教與政治系統的結構耦合:台灣基督長老教會與台灣民主化運動 99前言: 99第一節 從1970年代台灣基督長老教會發表的三份文件談起 100第二節 台灣基督長老教會「政治」行動的正當性及對系統分化的可能貢獻 110第三節 台灣基督長老教會與民主化:社會演化與系統分化之產物 114第四節 民主化開展的契機:宗教與政治系統的分化與結構耦合 125第五章 從分化到去分化:宗教對民主化危機的可能回應 129第一節 民主vs民主化:系統的自我描述與系統分化的社會演化 1291.1 何謂民主? 1291.2 何謂民主化:朝向民主政治系統的社會演化發展? 1381.3 朝向民主化的可能性:系統分化與結構耦合 147第二節 現代社會的「去分化」危機:政治系統對全社會的論題化 148第三節 宗教對現代社會去分化之危機的可能回應 155第四節 小結 164第六章 結論 167參考書目 175 | zh_TW |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094254501 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 社會系統理論 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 社會演化 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 民主化 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 魯曼 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 去分化 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | social systems theory | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | social evolution | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | democratization | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Niklas Luhmann | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | de-differentiation | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 宗教與民主化:社會系統理論觀點的檢視與重構 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | Religion and democratization: social systems theory perspective | en_US |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部分: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王南傑。(2007)。〈「為出頭天奮鬥」——台灣基督長老教會人權宣言的故事〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《新而獨立的國家:台灣基督長老教會人權宣言聖經與神學論述》(pp. 26-42)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王昭文。(2003)。〈「喊台獨」之外---長老教會政治關懷的演變〉。《新使者雜誌》,75,55-58。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王崇堯。(2005)。〈一九七○年後台灣基督長老教會本土化神學發展〉。《當代》,218,108-125。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王崇堯。(2007)。〈從「人權宣言」到「鄉土神學」〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《新而獨立的國家:台灣基督長老教會人權宣言聖經與神學論述》(pp。 138-167)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台灣基督長老教會總會。(1986)。《認識台灣基督長老教會》。台南:人光。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台灣基督長老教會總會。(1998)。《台灣基督長老教會總會關懷文獻(1971-1998)》。台南:人光。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 台灣基督長老教會總會歷史委員會。(2000)。《台灣基督長老教會百年史》。台南:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 朱元鴻。(2010)。〈如果美式自由民主不該是中國未來的夢想〉。《政治與社會哲學評論》,33,1-46。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳乃德。(2000)。〈人的精神理念在歷史變革中的作用:美麗島事件和台灣民主化〉。《台灣政治學刊》,4,57-103。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳學明。(2006)。《台灣基督長老教會研究》。台北市:宇宙光。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 宋泉盛(Ed.)。(1998)。《出頭天—台灣人民決運動史料》。台南:人光出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李約翰。(1999)。〈我站在這裡---寫在美麗島事件20週年〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp. 51-54)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 邢福增。(2003)。〈當代中國政教關係探討---兼論對基督教的發展與影響〉。《新世紀宗教研究》,2(2),109-174。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 卓新平。(2003)。〈基督宗教在當代中國社會的作用及影響〉。《新世紀宗教研究》,2(2),35-54。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林本炫。(1990)。《台灣的政教衝突》。台北縣:稻鄉出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林坤麟。(1991)。〈教會的權威與民主〉。《新使者雜誌》,6,73-75。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林鴻信。(1994)。《加爾文神學》。台北市:禮記初版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 金輔政。(1999)。〈用愛心說誠實話〉。 In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp. 19-22)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 金輔政。(2007)。〈人權宣言〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp, 76-80)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 柏楊(Ed.)。(2005)。《二十世紀台灣民主大事寫真》。台北:遠流。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪振輝。(1999)。〈高雄事件始作俑者〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp, 63-68)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 若林正丈。(1994)。《台灣-分裂國家與民主化》。台北:月旦。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高俊明。(1972)。〈國是聲明與建議:在信仰上及神學上之動機〉。《台灣教會公報》,1078。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高俊明。(1999[1992])。〈一位基督徒的人權見證〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高萬桑。(2006)。〈近代中國的國家與宗教〉(黃郁琁譯)。《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》,54,169-209。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張系國。(1984)。〈談寫實主義〉。《讓未來等一等吧》(pp. 89-109)。台北:洪範。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張宗隆。(2007)。〈追述「人權宣言」前後,再思領受上帝的應許〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 58-75)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張俊雄。(1999)。〈照亮黑暗歷史的路〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp。 7-14)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張清庚。(1999)。〈從二事件說美麗島〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp。 47-50)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張清庚。(2007)。〈人權宣言三十週年回顧---舊往事與新寄望〉。In高俊明等(Ed.), 《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 43-57)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張瑞雄。(2004)。《台灣人的先覺-黃彰輝》。台北市:望春風文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張德謙。(2007)。〈人權、尊嚴、新台灣〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《新而獨立的國家:台灣基督長老教會人權宣言聖經與神學論述》(pp. 3-5)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許石枝。(1999)。 〈「美麗島事件」的陰謀毒計〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp. 91-94)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭承天。(2002)。〈民主的宗教基礎:新制度論的分析〉。《政治學報》,32,171-208。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭承天。(2004a)。〈台灣的民主與宗教〉(英文)。In張家麟(Ed.),《亞洲政教關係》(pp. 103-134)。台北市:韋伯文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭承天。(2004b)。〈宗教與台灣認同:一個不確定的關係〉。《台灣民主季刊》,1(1),171-176。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 郭承天&吳煥偉。(1997)。〈民主與經濟發展:結合質與量的研究方法〉。《問題與研究》,36(9),75-98。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳南州。(1999)。《台灣基督長老教會的社會、政治倫理》。台北市:永望文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳南州。(2000)。〈所謂「國語」系統之教會的政治參與〉。《新使者雜誌》,56,15-18。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳南州。(2007)。〈「這樣,人要因你蒙福」------台灣基督長老教會「人權宣言」的宣教意涵〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 122-137)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳茂雄。(1999)。〈由美麗島事件看長老教會〉。In台灣基督長老教會總會(Ed.),《台灣基督長老教會與美麗島事件》(pp. 35-40)。台北:台灣基督長老教會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 湯志傑。(2003)。〈以公共性建立自主性:談如何面對華人傳統「政治」的幽靈〉。Paper presented at the 2003年台灣社會學年會,台北市。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 湯志傑。(2009)。〈民主社會的結構可能性條件〉。《思想》,11,197-200。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃伯和。(2007)。〈「放我的子民走」〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 168-179)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃武東。(1990[1988])。《黃武東回憶錄》。台北:前衛出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃富三(Ed.)。(2001)。《台灣地區戒嚴時期政治案件---五O~七O年代文獻專輯:美麗島事件》。南投市:台灣省文獻委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊啟壽。(1999)。〈台灣基督長老教會之社會及政治關懷的再思〉。《新使者雜誌》,50,5-9。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊啟壽。(2007)。〈台灣基督長老教會人權宣言的時代性、正當性、影響及今日教會應有的反省〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 113-121)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 董芳苑。(1996)。《基督徒的社會責任》。台中市:光鹽出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 董芳苑。(2009)。《探索基督教信仰》。台北市:前衛出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉小楓。(1998)。〈選編者導言〉。In劉小楓(Ed.),《宗教教義與社會演化》(pp. xi-xxxii)。香港:漢語基督教文化研究所。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭仰恩。(2005)。《定根本土的台灣基督教》。台南:人光。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭仰恩。(2007)。〈讓人權與鄉土成為信仰見證的標記〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 180-206)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭兒玉。(2007)。〈台灣基督長老教會人權宣言1977:起稿背景、過程、神學立場、接納經過、及發表內外之衝擊〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 15-25)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 魯貴顯。(2003)。〈功能分化社會中的偶連性與時間—一個系統理論的觀點〉。In黃瑞祺(Ed.),《現代性、後現代性、全球化》。台北:左岸。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蕭阿勤。(2008)。《回歸現實:台灣一九七O年代的戰後世代與文化政治變遷》。台北市:中研院社會所。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 瞿海源。(1982a)。〈政教關係的思考〉。《聯合月刊》,7(38-41)。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 瞿海源。(1982b)。〈政教關係的思考〉。《聯合月刊》,6(45-49)。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 羅光喜。(2007)。〈使台灣成為新而獨立的國家:人權宣言的聖經觀點〉。In高俊明等(Ed.),《台灣新而獨立的國家》(pp. 83-112)。台北:台灣基督長老教會總會信仰與教制委員會。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anderson, B. (2010[1983])。《想像的共同體》(Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism)(吳叡人譯)。台北市:時報出版社。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dahl, R. (1997)。〈民主文化與經濟發展〉。In田宏茂、朱雲漢、L. Diamond & M. Plattnar (Eds.)。《鞏固第三波民主》(pp. 97-104)。台北市:業強。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harrison, L., & Huntington, S. (Eds.). (2008[2000])。《為什麼文化很重要》(Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress)。台北市:聯經。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Huntington, S. (1997)。〈民主的千秋大業〉。In田宏茂、朱雲漢、L. Diamond & M. Plattnar (Eds.)。《鞏固第三波民主》(pp. 48-64)。台北市:業強。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1997)。〈邁向鞏固的民主體制〉。In田宏茂、朱雲漢、L. Diamond & M. Plattnar (Eds.)。《鞏固第三波民主》(pp. 65-96)。台北市:業強。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luckmann, T. (1995[1967])。《無形的宗教—現代社會中的宗教問題》(覃方明譯)。香港:漢語基督教文化研究所。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2004[2000])。《社會的宗教》(周怡君譯)。台北:商周。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2009[1988])。《社會之經濟》(湯志傑&魯貴顯譯)。台北:聯經。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Naisbitt, J., & Naisbitt, D. (2009)。《中國大趨勢》(侯秀琴譯)。台北市:天下遠見。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sørensen, G. (1998)。《民主與民主化》(Democracy and Democratization)(李酉潭&陳志瑋譯)。台北市:韋伯。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tocqueville, A. d. (2005)。《民主在美國》(Democracy in America)(秦修明、湯新楣&李宜培等譯)。台北縣:左岸文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Watkins, F. (1999[1957])。《西方政治傳統:近代自由主義之發展》(李豐斌譯)。台北:聯經。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Arato, A., & Luhmann, N. (1994). Civil Society and Political Theory in the Work of Luhmann and beyond. New German Critique: Special Issue on Niklas Luhmann, 61, 129-142. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bateson, G. (2002[1979]). Mind and Nature: a Necessary Unity. Creskill, N.J.: Hampton Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blaser, K. (1970). Calvins Lehre von den drei Ämtern Christi. Zürich: EVZ-Verlag. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bobbio, N. (1989). Democracy and Distatorship: The Nature and Limits of State Power (P. Kennealy, Trans.). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Buchanan, G. (1949). The Power of the Crown in Scotland (C. F. Arrowood, Trans.). Austin: The University of Texas Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bunge, M. (2009). Political Philosophy. New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Callinicos, A. (2007[2004]). Making History: Agency, Structure, and Change in Social Theory. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Christis, J. (2001). Luhmann`s Theory of Knowledge: Beyond Realism and Constructivism. Soziale Systeme, 7(2), 328-349. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cladis, M. (2007[2003]). Public Visions, Private Lives: Rousseau, Religion, and 21st-Century Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Clam, J. (2006). What is Modern Power? In M. King & C. Thornhill (Eds.), Luhmann on Law and Politics. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Corcoran, P. D. (1983). The limits of democratic theory. In G. Duncan (Ed.), Democratic theory and practice. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Czerwick, E. (2008). Systemtheorie der Demokratie: Begriffe und Strukturen im Werk Luhmanns. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dahl, R. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dahl, R. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dallmann, H.-U. (1998). Niklas Luhmann`s Systems Theory as a Challenge for Ethics. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 1, 85-102. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Diamond, L. (1996). Is the Third Wave Over? Journal of Democracy, 7(3), 20-38. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Douglas, M. (1986). How Institutions Think. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Elder-Vass, D. (2007). Luhmann and Emergentism: Competing Paradigms for Social Systems Theory? Philosophy of Social Sciences, 37(4), 408-432. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Everson, S. (Ed.). (1996). Aristotle: The Politics and the Constitution of Athens (Revised Student Edition ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Foucault, M. (1984). What is Enlightenment? In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault reader (pp. 32-50). New York: Pantheon. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Garfinkel, H. (1992[1967]). Studies in Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gaskill, N. J. (1997). Rethinking Protestantism and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America. Sociology of Religion, 58(1), 69-91. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gauchet, M. (1997[1985]). The Disenchantment of the World: A Political History of Religion (O. Burge, Trans.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldie, M. (1993). The Introduction. In M. Goldie (Ed.), John Locke: Two Treaties of Government. London: Orion Publishing Group. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greaves, R. L. (1976). John Knox: the Reformed Tradition, and the Development of Resistance Theory. THe Journal of Modern History, 48(3), 1-36. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greaves, R. L. (1980). Theology and Revolution in the Scottish Reformation. Washington: Christian College Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Green, G. (1982). The Sociology of Dogmatics: Niklas Luhmann`s Challenge to Theology. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 50(1), 19-34. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Höpfl, H. (Ed.). (1991). Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Habermas, J. (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: an Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: Polity. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Habermas, J., & Rehg, W. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge: Polity. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Heeren, A. H. L. (1802). Historical Treatises: The Political Consequences of the Reformation. Oxford: D. A. Talboys. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Held, D. (2000[1996]). Models of Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hoelzl, M., & Ward, G. (Eds.). (2006). Riligion and Political Thought. London and New York: Continuum. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Holub, R. (1994). Luhmann`s Progeny: Systems Theory and Literary Studies in the Post-Wall Era. New German Critique, 61(Special Issue on Niklas Luhmann), 143 -159. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Huntington, S. (1991). Democracy`s Third Wave. Journal of Democracy, 2(2), 12-34. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kant, I. (1996[1784]). An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? In J. Schmidt (Ed.), What is enlightenment?: Eighteenth-century answers and twentieth-century questions (pp. 58-64). Berkeley: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Keane, J. (1989). Introduction: Democracy and the Decline of the Left Democracy and Distatorship: The Nature and Limits of State Power (by Norberto Bobbio) (pp. vii-xxvii). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kelly, D. F. (1992). The Emergence of Liberty. New Jersey: P & R Publishing. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | King, M. (2001). The Construction and Demolition of The Luhmann Heresy. Law and Critique, 12, 1-32. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | King, M., & Thornhill, C. (2003). Niklas Luhmann`s Theory of Politics and Law. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Knox, J. (1553-54). Admonition or Warning. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Knox, J. (1554). Faithful Admonition. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Knox, J. (1558). The Appellation. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koch, A. M. (2007). Poststructuralism and the Politics of Method. New York: Lexington Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koselleck, R. (1989). Social History and Conceptual History. Politics, Culture, and Society, 2(3), 308-325. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koselleck, R. (2002). The Practice of Conceptual History: Timing History, Spacing Concepts (T. S. Presner & others, Trans.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Koselleck, R. (2004[1979]). Futures Past (K. Tribe, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Krippendorff, K. (1994). A Recursive Theory of Communication. In D. Crowley & D. Mitchell (Eds.), Communication Theory Today (pp. 78-104). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Laliberté, A. (2003). Religious Change and Democratization in Postwar Taiwan: Mainstream Buddhist Organizations and the Kuomintang, 1947-1996. In P. Clart & C. B. Jones (Eds.), Religion in modern Taiwan: tradition and innovation in a changing society (pp. 158-185). Honolulu, Hawai`i: University of Hawai`i Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Laski, H. (1917). Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty. London: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lehmann, P. (2006[1963]). Ethics in a Christian Context. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Leydesdorff, L. (1997). The Non-linear Dynamics of Sociological Reflections. International Sociology, 12(1), 25-45. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-communist Europe. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Locke, J. (1993[1924]). Two Treaties of Government. London: Orion Publishing Group. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1977). Funktion der Religion. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1979). Trust and Power: two works. Chichester, Eng. ; New York: J. Wiley. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1982). The differentiation of society. New York: Columbia University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1986[1978]). Temporalization of Complexity. In F. Geyer & J. v. d. Zouwen (Eds.), Sociocybernetic Paradoxes: Observations, Control and Evolution of Self-steering Systems (Vol. 2, pp. 95-111). London: Sage Publications Ltd. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1989). Ecological communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1990). Essays on self-reference. New York: Columbia University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1990[1981]). Political theory in the welfare state. Berlin; New York: W. de Gruyter. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1990[1989]). Paradigm lost: Über die ethische Reflexion der Moral. Rede von Niklas Luhmann anläßlich der Verleihung des Hegel-Preises. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1991). Soziologie des Risikos. Berlin ; New York: W. de Gruyter. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1992). The Direction of Evolution. In H. Haferkamp & N. J. Smelser (Eds.), Social Change and Modernity (pp. 279-293). Berkeley: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1993). Risk: a sociological theory. New York: A. de Gruyter. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1993[1989]). Gesellschaftsstruktur und Semantik: Studien zur Wissenssoziologie der modernen Gesellschaft (Vol. 3). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1995[1984]). Social systems. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1996). A Redescription of "Romantic Art". MLN, 111(3), 506-522. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1997). Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft (1. Aufl. ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1998[1992]). Observations on modernity. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (1999). The Paradox of Form (M. Irmscher & L. Edwards, Trans.). In D. Baecker (Ed.), Problems of Form. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2000[1996]). The reality of the mass media. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2005[1967]). Soziologische Aufklärung Soziologische Aufklärung 1 (Vol. 7, pp. 83-115). Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2006[1991]). System as Difference. Organization, 13(1), 37-57. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2007[1966]). Politische Planung. In N. Luhmann (Ed.), Politische Planung (pp. 66-89). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2007[1968]). Komplexität und Demokratie. In N. Luhmann (Ed.), Politische Planung (pp. 35-45). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N. (2008[1993]). Are There Still Indispensable Norms in Our Society? Soziale Systeme, 14(1), 18-37. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N., & Fuchs, S. (1988). Tautology and Paradox in the Self-Descriptions of Modern Society. Sociological Theory, 6(1), 21-37. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N., & Kieserling, A. (2002a). Die Politik der Gesellschaft (1. Aufl. ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N., & Kieserling, A. (2002b). Die Religion der Gesellschaft (1. Aufl. ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luhmann, N., Ziegert, K. A., & Kastner, F. (2004). Law as a social system. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luther, M. (1523). On the Limits of Secular Authority. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lyall, F. (1980). Of Presbyters and Kings: Church and State in the Law of Scotland. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marshall, T. H., & Bottomore, T. (1992[1950]). Citizenship and Social Class. London et altera: Pluto Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marx, K. (1887[1867]). Capital (S. Morre & E. Aveling, Trans.). Moscow: Progress Publishers. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marx, K. (1992[1975]). Early Writings (R. Livingstone & G. Benton, Trans.). London: Penguin Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980[1972]). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of Living (Vol. 42). Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McGee, T. D. (1853). The Political Causes and Consequences of the Protestant "Reformation": a Lecture. New York: D. & J. Sadlier & Co. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Moeller, H.-G. (2006). Luhmann explained: from souls to systems. Chicago: Open Court. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mouffe, C. (1993). The Return of the Political. London & New York: Verso. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mouffe, C. (2000). The Democractic Paradox. London and New York: Verso. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mouffe, C. (2005). On the Political. London & New York: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Poster, M. (Ed.). (1988). Jean Baudrillard-Selected Writings. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Quill, L. (2009). Civil Disobedience: Un(Common) Sense in Mass Democracies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rasch, W. (2000a). Answering the Question: What is Modernity? An Interview with Niklas Luhmann Niklas Luhmann`s Modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rasch, W. (2000b). Niklas Luhmann`s Modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rose, R., & Shin, D. C. (2001). Democratization Backwards: The Problem of Third-Wave Democracies. British Journal of Political Science, 31(2), 331-354. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubinstein, M. (2003). Christianity and Democratization in Modern Taiwan: The Presbyterian Church and the Struggle for Minnan/Hakka Selfhood in the Republic of China. In P. Clart & C. B. Jones (Eds.), Religion in modern Taiwan: tradition and innovation in a changing society (pp. 204-256). Honolulu, Hawai`i: University of Hawai`i Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Saussure, F. d. (1966). Course in General Linguistics (W. Baskin, Trans.). New York: McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schmidt, J. (2007). Misunderstanding the Question: `What is Enlightenment?`. Paper presented at the George R. Havens Lecture, Ohio State University. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schmitt, C. (2007). The Concept of the Political (G. Schwab, Trans.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Skinner, Q. (1979[1978]). The Foundation of Modern Political Thought: The Age of Reformation (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spencer-Brown, G. (1969). Laws of Form. London: Geroge Allen and Unwin Ltd. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Thornhill, C. (2006). Luhmann`s Political Theory: Politics after Metaphysics? In M. King & C. Thornhill (Eds.), Luhmann on Law and Politics (pp. 75-99). Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Thornhill, C. (2007). Niklas Luhmann, Carl Schmitt and the Modern Form of the Political. European Journal of Social Theory, 10(4), 499-522. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tsai, D. (2003). Shifting National Identities in Public Spheres: A Cultural Account of Political Transformation in Taiwan. In P. Katz & M. Rubinstein (Eds.), Religion and the Formation of Taiwanese Identities (pp. 59-97). New York: Palgrave MacMillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Villa-Vicencio, C. (1990). Civil Disobedience and Beyond: Law, Resistance and Religion in South Africa. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wan, P. Y.-z. (2009). Emergence à la Systems Theory: Epistemological Totalausschluss or Ontological Novelty. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, XX(X), 1-33. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Weber, M. (2001[1930]). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London and New York: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Weller, R. (2004). Worship, Teachings and State Power in China and Taiwan. In W. Kirby (Ed.), Realms of Freedom in Modern China (pp. 286-316). Stanford: Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Welzel, C. (2009). Theories of Democratization. In C. Haerpfer, P. Bernhagen, R. Inglehart & C. Welzel (Eds.), Democratization (pp. 74-90). Oxford: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wendel, F. (1963). Calvin (P. Mairet, Trans.). London: Collins. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whitehead, L. (2002). Democratization: Theory and Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Winkler, E. (1984). Insititutionalization and Participation on Taiwan: From Hard to Soft Authoritarianism. The China Quarterly, 99, 481-499. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zolo, D. (1992). Democracy and Complexity: A Realist Approach (D. McKie, Trans.). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. | zh_TW |