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題名 應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路的頻寬分配
Bandwidth allocation for contingency cellular network
作者 吳雲鼎
Wu, Yun Ting
貢獻者 連耀南
Lien, Yao Nan
吳雲鼎
Wu, Yun Ting
關鍵詞 大型天然災害
應急通訊
應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路
頻寬分配
背包問題
Large-scale disaster
Emergency communication
Contingency cellular network
CCN
Bandwidth allocation
Knapsack problem
日期 2011
上傳時間 24-Oct-2012 16:12:15 (UTC+8)
摘要 大型天然災害會癱瘓通訊系統，嚴重影響到救災效率，本論文旨在快速進行可用連外頻寬分配，供應急通訊系統使用。無線通訊技術的成熟，為使用者帶來極大的便利性，但當發生大規模的地震或強烈颱風等重大天然災害時，通訊系統卻常常因架構等因素，隨著電力與交通系統的損毀而癱瘓。由歷年大型災變中多數災區內之行動通訊系統全面中斷即可印證行動通訊系統其實是極為脆弱，而有效運作的通訊系統卻是災情傳遞、資源調度以及互助協調是否順利的關鍵因素。
本篇論文所探討的應急通訊系統是利用倖存的連通基地台和斷訊卻沒有損毀的基地台，以無線電連接起來建構一個臨時性的通訊系統，稱為應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路(Contingency Cellular Network，CCN)。由於CCN的連外頻寬有限，大量話務將造成通訊系統壅塞，影響重要訊息傳遞，且災區各個地方受災情況不盡相同，使得 CCN 的頻寬資源需視各地災情緊急程度與需求進行規劃配置，以充分發揮頻寬效益傳遞重要資訊。本論文主要在探討如何在CCN網路拓樸已決定的情況下進行頻寬分配，以達到最大的救災效益。因此我們提出一適合 CCN 樹狀結構的頻寬分配優化模型，以追求救災效益的最大化，這個模型可供使用者(救災指揮單位)系統化的解決 CCN 頻寬分配問題。
本論文所提出的頻寬分配模型包含 CCN 樹狀拓樸、基地台數目、可用之連外頻寬資源限制、各基地台Backhaul頻寬限制、基本頻寬需求限制、差異化之通訊品質通道和效益遞減函數。我們證明此模型是NP-Hard問題，並提出一個考慮各基地台的災情緊急程度以及通訊品質需求差異而進行快速頻寬分配的演算法，此演算法透過計算頻寬分配總救災效益決定優劣。經實驗，可快速得出接近最佳解的頻寬分配結果。
When stricken by a large-scale disaster, the efficiency of disaster response operation is very critical to life saving. We propose to build a contingency cellular network to support emergency communication in large scale natural disasters by connecting disconnected base stations. This thesis addresses the bandwidth allocation problem. The advance of mobile communication technologies has brought great convenience to users. Cellular phone becomes the first communication tool most people would use in emergency. However, cellular networks were usually crashed in earthquake, typhoons or other natural disasters due to power outage or backhaul breakage. Unfortunately, the efficiency of communication system is a critical factor to the success of disaster response operation such as resource allocation as well as coordination of rescue and relief operations. We designed a contingency cellular network (CCN) by connecting physically intact but service-disrupted base stations together with wireless links. As the bandwidth resource in CCN is limited, a smart bandwidth allocation to facilitate prioritized bandwidth sharing will maximize the contribution of CCN to the disaster response operation. We model the CCN Bandwidth Allocation Problem into a Nested 0-1 Knapsack Problem aiming to maximize disaster operation efficiency. The problem is proven to be NP Hard. We also design an efficient heuristic algorithm to solve the problem when it is needed in urgent.
參考文獻 [1] Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International, Project 25, http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/project25.php, retrieved May 2010.
[2] Alfayez Adel, Assiri Majid, Clerk Rutvij, and Alsaadan Usamah, "Evaluating the Viability of TETRA for US Public Safety Communication," University of Colorado at Boulder Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program Capstone Project, Boulder, USA, Nov. 2009.
[3] Carlo Bertolli, Daniele Tarchi, Romano Fantacci, Marco Vanneschi, and Andrea Tassi, "An Integrated Communication-Computing Solution in Emergency Management," ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference 6th, Caen, France, June 2010.
[4] Melanie Basich, "Wireless When You Need It," http://www.policemag.com/ Channel/Technology/Articles/Print/Story/2009/01/Wireless-When-You-Need-It.aspx, retrieved Jan. 2009.
[5] Yong Bai, Wencai Du, Zhengxin Ma, Chong Shen, Youling Zhou and Baodan Chen, "Emergency communication system by heterogeneous wireless networking,” 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), June 2010.
[6] Arjan Durresi, Mimoza Durresi, Vamsi Paruchuri, and Leonard Barolli, "Ad Hoc Communications for Emergency Conditions," IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Biopolis, Singapore, Mar. 2011.
[7] Raheleh Dilmaghani, and Ramesh Rao, "A Systematic Approach to Improve Communication for Emergency Response," Proc. of 42nd Hawaii Int`l Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii, Jan. 2009.
[8] Weimin Dong, et al., Chi-Chi, "Taiwan Earthquake Event Report, Risk Management Solutions," Inc., https://www.rms.com/Publications/Taiwan_Event.pdf, retrieved Mar. 2010.
[9] M.R. Garey, and M.D. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. 1979. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5.
[10] ITR-RESCUE, Robust Networking and Information Collection Project, http://www.itr-rescue.org/research/networking.php, retrieved Feb. 2010.
[11] Hung-Chin Jang, Yao-Nan Lien and Tzu-Chieh Tsai, "Rescue Information System for Earthquake Disasters Based on MANET Emergency Communication Platform", Proc. of the ACM International Workshop on Advanced Topics in Mobile Computing for Emergency Management: Communication and Computing Platforms (MCEM 2009), June, 2009, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 623-627.
[12] Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society, Proposal on Amateur Radio Emergency Service in Hong Kong-Mobilezing Radio Amateur’s community Resources for Disaster and Emergency Communications, Document No. 06/XIII/018, Aug. 2005.
[13] Tae-Ho Lee and Taesang Choi, "Self powered wireless communication platform for disaster relief,” 2011 Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), Sep. 2011.
[14] Jaeaoo Lim, Rchard Klein, and Jason Thatcher, "Good Technology, Bad Management: A Case Study of the Satellite Phone Industry," Journal of Information Technology Management, vol. XVI, no.2, 2005, pp. 48-55.
[15] Yao-Nan Lien, Li-Cheng Chi and Yuh-Sheng Shaw, "A Walkie-Talkie-Like Emergency Communication System for Catastrophic Natural Disasters," Proc. of ISPAN09, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Dec. 2009.
[16] Yao-Nan Lien, Hung-Chin Jang, and Tzu-Chieh Tsai, "A MANET Based Emergency Communication and Information System for Catastrophic Natural Disasters," IEEE Workshop on Specialized Ad Hoc Networks and Systems, Montreal, Canada, June. 2009.
[17] Yao-Nan Lien, Li-Cheng Chi and Chih-Chieh Huang, "A Multi-hop Walkie-Talkie-Like Emergency Communication System for Catastrophic Natural Disasters", Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshop (on Applications of Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks), San Diego, CA.
[18] Yao-Nan Lien, Hung-Chin Jang and Tzu-Chieh Tsai, "Design of P2Pnet: An Autonomous P2P Ad-Hoc Group Communication System", Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Mobile Peer-to-Peer Information Services (MP2PIS), May 18-21, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan,
[19] E. Natalizio, "The practical experience of implementing a GSM BTS through open software hardware,” 2010 International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL), Nov. 2010.
[20] David Pisinger, “Algorithm for Knapsack Problems” Dept. of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Feb. 1995.
[21] Yang Ran, "Considerations and Suggestions on Improvement of Communication Network Disaster Countermeasures after the Wenchuan Earthquake," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.49, no.1, Jan. 2011. pp. 44-47.
[22] Cristina Ribeiro, and Alexander Ferworn, "Computational Public Safety in Emergency Management Communications," ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference 6th, New York, USA, Oct. 2010.
[23] Yoshitaka Shibata, Yosuke Sato, Naoki Ogasawara, Go Chiba, "A Disaster Information System by Ballooned Wireless Adhoc Network," IEEE International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, Fukuoka, Japan Mar. 2009.
[24] Zhenhong Shao, Yongxiang Liu, Yi Wu and Lianfeng Shen, "A Rapid and Reliable Disaster Emergency Mobile Communication System via Aerial Ad Hoc BS networks,” 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM) , Sep. 2011 .
[25] Stelios Timotheou and Georgios Loukas, "Autonomous Networked Robots for the Establishment of Wireless Communication in Uncertain Emergency Response Scenarios," ACM symposium on Applied Computing, New York, USA, Mar. 2009.
[26] Search Underwood, "Improving Disaster Management," Comm. of ACM, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb. 2010, pp. 18-20.
[27] Fan Wei, Md.Emadadul Haque, Yukihiro Fukunaga, Takehiro Gouda, Xiaodong Lu and Kinji Mori "Autonomous Community Construction Technology for Timely Transmitting Emergency Information," IEEE Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing, Shaanxi, China, Oct. 2010.
[28] 3GPP, Specifications, http://www.3gpp.org/Specifications, retrieved Nov. 2011.
[29] 3GPP, TS 23.401, “General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access” version 11.0.0
[30] 林進豐, 行動衛星通訊, 五南出版社, ISBN：9789571150062, Dec. 2007
[31] 孫玉, 應急通信技術總體框架討論, 人民郵電出版社, ISBN：7115208328, 2009
[32] 張雪麗等, 應急通信新技術與系統應用, 機械工業出版社, ISBN：9787111292982, Jan. 2010
[33] 連耀南, 黃智賢, 大型自然災害下大規模救災緊急通訊系統方案, Proc. of 2010 National Symposium On Telecommunications, TaoYuan, Taiwan, Dec.2010.
[34] 交通部電信總局, 九二一震災災後重建電信問答手冊, http://kbteq.ascc.net/archive/dgt/dgt01.html, retrieved Dec. 2011.
[35] 國家通訊傳播委員會, 高雄縣莫拉克颱風災後通訊傳播設施改善實施計畫, Jun. 2010
[36] 高抗災通信平臺, http://88flood.www.gov.tw/committee_news_detail.php?cn_id=506, retrieved Dec. 2011.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
94971003
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094971003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 連耀南zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lien, Yao Nanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳雲鼎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Yun Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳雲鼎zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Yun Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Oct-2012 16:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Oct-2012 16:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Oct-2012 16:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094971003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54027-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94971003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 大型天然災害會癱瘓通訊系統，嚴重影響到救災效率，本論文旨在快速進行可用連外頻寬分配，供應急通訊系統使用。無線通訊技術的成熟，為使用者帶來極大的便利性，但當發生大規模的地震或強烈颱風等重大天然災害時，通訊系統卻常常因架構等因素，隨著電力與交通系統的損毀而癱瘓。由歷年大型災變中多數災區內之行動通訊系統全面中斷即可印證行動通訊系統其實是極為脆弱，而有效運作的通訊系統卻是災情傳遞、資源調度以及互助協調是否順利的關鍵因素。
本篇論文所探討的應急通訊系統是利用倖存的連通基地台和斷訊卻沒有損毀的基地台，以無線電連接起來建構一個臨時性的通訊系統，稱為應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路(Contingency Cellular Network，CCN)。由於CCN的連外頻寬有限，大量話務將造成通訊系統壅塞，影響重要訊息傳遞，且災區各個地方受災情況不盡相同，使得 CCN 的頻寬資源需視各地災情緊急程度與需求進行規劃配置，以充分發揮頻寬效益傳遞重要資訊。本論文主要在探討如何在CCN網路拓樸已決定的情況下進行頻寬分配，以達到最大的救災效益。因此我們提出一適合 CCN 樹狀結構的頻寬分配優化模型，以追求救災效益的最大化，這個模型可供使用者(救災指揮單位)系統化的解決 CCN 頻寬分配問題。
本論文所提出的頻寬分配模型包含 CCN 樹狀拓樸、基地台數目、可用之連外頻寬資源限制、各基地台Backhaul頻寬限制、基本頻寬需求限制、差異化之通訊品質通道和效益遞減函數。我們證明此模型是NP-Hard問題，並提出一個考慮各基地台的災情緊急程度以及通訊品質需求差異而進行快速頻寬分配的演算法，此演算法透過計算頻寬分配總救災效益決定優劣。經實驗，可快速得出接近最佳解的頻寬分配結果。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) When stricken by a large-scale disaster, the efficiency of disaster response operation is very critical to life saving. We propose to build a contingency cellular network to support emergency communication in large scale natural disasters by connecting disconnected base stations. This thesis addresses the bandwidth allocation problem. The advance of mobile communication technologies has brought great convenience to users. Cellular phone becomes the first communication tool most people would use in emergency. However, cellular networks were usually crashed in earthquake, typhoons or other natural disasters due to power outage or backhaul breakage. Unfortunately, the efficiency of communication system is a critical factor to the success of disaster response operation such as resource allocation as well as coordination of rescue and relief operations. We designed a contingency cellular network (CCN) by connecting physically intact but service-disrupted base stations together with wireless links. As the bandwidth resource in CCN is limited, a smart bandwidth allocation to facilitate prioritized bandwidth sharing will maximize the contribution of CCN to the disaster response operation. We model the CCN Bandwidth Allocation Problem into a Nested 0-1 Knapsack Problem aiming to maximize disaster operation efficiency. The problem is proven to be NP Hard. We also design an efficient heuristic algorithm to solve the problem when it is needed in urgent.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章、簡介.....1
1.1、災區應急通訊系統需求分析.....3
1.1.1、大型天然災害發生時救災行動面臨的挑戰.....3
1.1.2、固網與行動通訊系統癱瘓原因.....6
1.1.3、通訊設備修復困難.....7
1.1.4、應急通訊網建置之挑戰與需求.....8
1.1.5、災區通訊需求分類.....10
1.1.6、應急通訊網頻寬資源使用需求.....11
1.2、應急通訊網路簡介.....12
1.3、論文架構.....13
第二章、相關研究.....14
2.1、第三代行動通訊架構.....14
2.1.1、通用行動通訊系統陸地無線接入網 (UTRAN).....15
2.1.2、核心網路 (Core Network).....15
2.1.3、3G 網路通訊協定.....16
2.2、應急通訊系統種類.....17
2.2.1、專用高抗災通信平臺.....17
2.2.2、無線對講機 (Walkie-Talkie).....18
2.2.3、業餘無線電 (Amateur radio).....18
2.2.4、行動衛星通訊.....19
2.2.5、專業用集群通訊系統 (Trunking radio).....20
2.2.6、移動基地台 (Cell on wheels).....22
2.2.7、行動隨意式網路 (MANET).....22
2.2.8、過去應急通訊系統相關研究.....24
2.2.9、應急通訊系統綜合比較.....26
第三章、應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路 (CCN).....28
3.1、系統架構.....28
3.2、系統使用時機.....30
3.3、可行性分析.....30
3.4、轉送拓樸 (Forwarding tree).....31
3.5、通訊模式.....31
3.6、系統元件.....34
3.7、建置與運轉流程.....35
3.8、重要研究議題.....37
第四章、CCN頻寬分配.....40
4.1、設計理念與目標.....40
4.1.1、CCN頻寬使用需求分析.....41
4.1.2、環境假設.....41
4.1.3、設計考量與目標.....42
4.2、問題定義.....43
4.2.1、救災效益定義.....43
4.2.2、CCN頻寬分配問題描述.....44
4.3、計算複雜度分析.....46
4.3.1、0-1 Knapsack Problem (0-1 KP).....46
4.3.2、CCN Bandwidth Allocation Problem (CCN-BA).....47
4.3.3、CCN-BA計算複雜度.....47
4.4、啟發式頻寬分配演算法.....48
4.4.1、演算法設計.....48
4.4.2、BAG演算法.....50
4.4.3、BAG演算法範例.....52
第五章、效能評估.....60
5.1、實驗設計.....60
5.1.1、實驗環境.....60
5.1.2、評估指標.....61
5.2、救災效益函數.....61
5.3、實驗參數.....61
5.4、實驗結果.....62
5.4.1、實驗一.....62
5.4.2、實驗二.....66
5.4.3、實驗三.....70
5.5、實驗總結.....72
第六章、結論與未來展望方向.....77
參考文獻.....79		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094971003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大型天然災害zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 應急通訊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 頻寬分配zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 背包問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Large-scale disasteren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emergency communicationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contingency cellular networken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CCNen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bandwidth allocationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knapsack problemen_US
dc.title (題名) 應急蜂巢式行動通訊網路的頻寬分配zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Bandwidth allocation for contingency cellular networken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International, Project 25, http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/project25.php, retrieved May 2010.
[2] Alfayez Adel, Assiri Majid, Clerk Rutvij, and Alsaadan Usamah, "Evaluating the Viability of TETRA for US Public Safety Communication," University of Colorado at Boulder Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program Capstone Project, Boulder, USA, Nov. 2009.
[3] Carlo Bertolli, Daniele Tarchi, Romano Fantacci, Marco Vanneschi, and Andrea Tassi, "An Integrated Communication-Computing Solution in Emergency Management," ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference 6th, Caen, France, June 2010.
[4] Melanie Basich, "Wireless When You Need It," http://www.policemag.com/ Channel/Technology/Articles/Print/Story/2009/01/Wireless-When-You-Need-It.aspx, retrieved Jan. 2009.
[5] Yong Bai, Wencai Du, Zhengxin Ma, Chong Shen, Youling Zhou and Baodan Chen, "Emergency communication system by heterogeneous wireless networking,” 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), June 2010.
[6] Arjan Durresi, Mimoza Durresi, Vamsi Paruchuri, and Leonard Barolli, "Ad Hoc Communications for Emergency Conditions," IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Biopolis, Singapore, Mar. 2011.
[7] Raheleh Dilmaghani, and Ramesh Rao, "A Systematic Approach to Improve Communication for Emergency Response," Proc. of 42nd Hawaii Int`l Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii, Jan. 2009.
[8] Weimin Dong, et al., Chi-Chi, "Taiwan Earthquake Event Report, Risk Management Solutions," Inc., https://www.rms.com/Publications/Taiwan_Event.pdf, retrieved Mar. 2010.
[9] M.R. Garey, and M.D. Johnson. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. 1979. ISBN 0-7167-1045-5.
[10] ITR-RESCUE, Robust Networking and Information Collection Project, http://www.itr-rescue.org/research/networking.php, retrieved Feb. 2010.
[11] Hung-Chin Jang, Yao-Nan Lien and Tzu-Chieh Tsai, "Rescue Information System for Earthquake Disasters Based on MANET Emergency Communication Platform", Proc. of the ACM International Workshop on Advanced Topics in Mobile Computing for Emergency Management: Communication and Computing Platforms (MCEM 2009), June, 2009, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 623-627.
[12] Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society, Proposal on Amateur Radio Emergency Service in Hong Kong-Mobilezing Radio Amateur’s community Resources for Disaster and Emergency Communications, Document No. 06/XIII/018, Aug. 2005.
[13] Tae-Ho Lee and Taesang Choi, "Self powered wireless communication platform for disaster relief,” 2011 Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), Sep. 2011.
[14] Jaeaoo Lim, Rchard Klein, and Jason Thatcher, "Good Technology, Bad Management: A Case Study of the Satellite Phone Industry," Journal of Information Technology Management, vol. XVI, no.2, 2005, pp. 48-55.
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