1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Commerce
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 “策略、創新與營運模式”整合模型之研究 - 以戴爾、捷威與宏碁等個人電腦國際品牌公司為例
The integrated model of strategy, innovation, and business model - A case study for Dell, Gateway, and Acer
作者 廖忠雄
Liau, Jung Shiung
貢獻者 黃國峯
Huang, Kuo Feng
廖忠雄
Liau, Jung Shiung
關鍵詞 策略
創新
營運模式
戴爾
捷威
宏碁
Strategy
Innovation
Business Model
Dell
Gateway
Acer
日期 2011
上傳時間 24-Oct-2012 16:34:26 (UTC+8)
摘要 自二十世紀的第三次工業革命(原子能、計算機、與空間技術)以來，由科技帶動全世界半個世紀的進步。在1950至1980年代，企業利用經濟規模提昇產業效率蔚為顯學。90年代以後，人類各項生活基本需求早已被滿足無虞。此時，創新且差異化的營運模式（Business Model）成了企業存在的必要條件。理論上，消費者的需求無所不在，各產業的產品與服務亦無奇不有，而且每個企業更有其賴以生存的特點與優勢，因而適合個別企業發展的營運模式理應也有不少的選項。若果真如此，何以許多企業在一次又一次的競爭中被殘酷地淘汰？而存活的企業中，亦仍有不少在生存與競爭的大海裡掙扎，試圖脫困。

本研究擬由＂策略＂、＂創新＂與＂營運模式＂等三個主題出發，探討國內外學者所提出的觀念與方法，嘗試從中找出其關聯性與一套整合的建構模型，並藉由個人電腦產業中的主要企業的成長歷史來驗證此建構模型。希望能幫助產業找出一個系統性的方法來思考、建構並檢驗其策略與創新營運模式。

本研究將針對個案公司進行次級資料的整理及訪談部份個案公司的中高階經理人。在整理三個國際知名的個人電腦廠商一共四個個案的次級資料的過程以及從個案經理人的訪談中發現，套用本研究的＂策略與創新營運模式＂建構模型，可以用清晰簡單的方式描繪看似複雜的策略及其營運模式，此方法有利於理解企業的策略與執行脈絡。因此，我們也期待企業可以運用這一套完整的建構模型方法來引導、推演、架構、驗證、檢討並修正其未來的策略方向與營運模式。如此，企業將更有機會找到好的營運模式。當時空改變時，也較有機會掌握先機，擬定下一個因應步驟。
參考文獻 1. Abell, D. F. (1980). Defining the business : the starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
2. Afuah, A. (2004). Business models: A strategic management approach. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
3. Afuah, A. (1998). Innovation management： Strategies, implementation, and profits. New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. (2001). Internet business models and strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
5. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organization. Edited by Behavior (10), 123-167.
6. Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal , pp. 493-520.
7. Andrews, K. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood: Irwin.
8. Ansoff, H. (1957, September-October). Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review , pp. 113-124.
9. Ansoff, I. (1965). Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approach to Growth and Expansion. New York: McGraw Hill.
10. Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. THE PRESIDENT AND THE FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE.
11. Barnett, H. G. (1953). Innovation, the Basis of Cultural Change. New York: McGraw- Hill.
12. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management , 17 (1), pp. 99–120.
13. BCA [Business Council of Australia]. (1993). Managing the Innovating Enterprise. Melbourne: BCA.
14. Bellman, R., Clark, C. E., Malcolm, D. G., Craft, C. J., & Ricciardi, F. M. (1957). On the construction of a multi-stage, multi-person business game. Operations Research , 5 (4), pp. 469-503.
15. Betz, F. (2002). Strategic Business Models. Engineering Management Journal , 14 (1), pp. 21-27.
16. Bright, J. R. (1969). Some Management Lessons from Technological Innovation Research. Long Range Planning , 2 (1), pp. 36-41.
17. Bruce Henderson[The Boston Consulting Group]. (1970). The Product Portfolio. Boston: The Boston Consulting Group.
18. Burgelman, R. A., Kosnik, T. J., & Van den Poel, M. (1998). "The Innovative Capabilities Audit Framework", in Burgelman and Maidique, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation. Homewood, IL.: R. D. Irwin.
19. Burlingham, B. (2005). Small Giants: Companies That Choose to Be Great Instead of Big. New York: Penguin Group.
20. Cannon, J. T. (1968). Business Strategy and Policy. New York: Harcourt Brace of World.
21. Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. E. (2007). Competing through Business Models. Barcelona, Spain: IESE Business School, University of Navarra.
22. Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. (2010). From strategy to business models and to tactics. Long Range Planning (43), pp. 195-215.
23. Chandler, J. A. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corportation`s technology spinoff companies. Industrial and Corporate Change , 11, pp. 533-534.
25. Christensen, C. (1997). The Innovator`s Dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
26. Clausewitz, C. v., Howard, M., & Paret, P. ((1984/1832)). On War [Vom Krieg]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
27. Daft, R. (1978). A dual-core model of organizational innovation. Academy of Management Journal , 21, pp. 193-210.
28. de Kluyver, C. A., & Pearce, J. A. (2006). Strategy: A View From The Top. Prentice Hall PTR.
29. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3 ed.). CA: Thousand Oaks.
30. Downs, G. W., & Mohr, L. B. (1976). Conceptual Issues in the Study of Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly , 21, pp. 700-714.
31. Drucker, P. F. (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper & Row.
32. Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London: Heinemann.
33. Encyclopædia Britannica. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from eb.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568259/strategy
34. Flick, U. (2006). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (3 ed.). London: Sage.
35. Gibbons, M. C. (1994). The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage Publications.
36. Glueck, W. (1972). Business Policy and Management Action. New York: McGraw Hill.
37. Glueck, W. F. (1976). Business Policy: Strategic Formation & Management Action (2 ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill, Inc.
38. Glueck, W. F. (1980). Strategic Management and Business Policy. New York: Mcgraw-Hill College.
39. Hamel, G. (2001). Leading the revolution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
40. Hawkins, R. (2001). The "Business Model" as a Research Problem in Electronic Commerce. STAR (Socio-economic Trends Assessment for the digital Revolution) IST Project. SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research.
41. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (1995). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, Concepts and Cases. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co.
42. Johnson, M. W. (2010). The Four-Box Business Model Framework: Radical Change as a Manageable Process. Harvard Business Press Chapters.
43. Johnson, M., Christensen, C., & H., K. (2008). Reinventing your business model. Harvard Business Review (86), pp. 50-59.
44. Jones, G. M. (1960). Educators, Electrons, and Business Models: A Problem in Synthesis. Accounting Review , 35 (4), pp. 619-626.
45. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1993, January-February). The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review .
46. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1993, January-February). The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review .
47. Konczal, E. F. (1975). Models Are for Managers, Not Mathematicians. Journal of Systems Management , 26 (1), pp. 12-14.
48. Lessem, B. (1990). Strategic planning for school improvement. London: British Educational Management and Administration Society.
49. Linder, J., & Cantrell, S. (2000). Changing business models: surveying the landscape. Chicago: Accenture Institute for Strategic Change.
50. Magretta, J. (2002). Why business models matter. Harvrd Business Review (80), pp. 3-8.
51. Merriam- Webster. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from m-w.com: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/strategy
52. Miles, R., & Snow, C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
53. Miller, A., & Dess, G. (1996). Strategic Management (2 ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill College.
54. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The Structure of Organization. N.J.: Englewood Cliffs.
55. Mintzberg, H., & McHugh, A. (1985). Strategy formation in an adhocracy. Administrative Science Quarterly , 160 (97).
56. Mintzberg, H., & Quinn, J. (1992). "Five Ps for Strategy" in The Strategy Process (International ed.). Englewood Cliffs NJ.: Prentice-Hall.
57. Mohr, L. B. (1969). Determinants of Innovation in Organizations. The American Political Science Review , 63 (1), pp. 111-126.
58. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research (58), pp. 726-735.
59. Ohmae, K. (1984). The Mind Of The Strategist: The Art of Japanese Business. New York: McGraw-Hill.
60. Osterwalder, A. (2004). The Business Model Ontology: A proposition in a design science approach. Lausanne, Switzerland: University of Lausanne.
61. Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
62. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying Business Models: Origins, Present, and Future of The Concept. Communications of AIS , 15.
63. Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (Revised ed.). The Free Press.
64. Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.
65. Porter, M. (1979, March/April). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review .
66. Porter, M. (1979, March/April). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review .
67. Porter, M. (1998). On Competition. Boston: Harvard Business School.
68. Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
69. Porter, M. (1996, November-December). What is a strategy? Harvard Business Review , pp. 61-78.
70. Quinn, J. B. (1980). Strategies for change: Logical incrementalism. R.D. Irwin (Homewood, Ill.).
71. Rappa, M. R. (2000). Business Models on The Web. Retrieved 12 11, 2011, from Managing the digital enterprise: http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html
72. Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4 ed.). New York: The Free Press.
73. Rogers, M. (1998). The Definition and Measurement of Innovation. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
74. Schuler, R., & Jackson, S. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive , 1, pp. 207-219.
75. Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business Cycles: A theoretical, historical and statistical analysis of the Capitalist process. New York Toronto London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
76. Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
77. Stähler, P. (2002). Business Models as an Unit of Analysis for Strategizing. International Workshop on Business Models. Lausanne, Switzerland.
78. Steiner, G. A., & Miner, J. B. (1977). Management Policy and Strategy. London: Cllier Macmillan.
79. Teece, D. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning (43), pp. 172-194.
80. Thomas, L., & D` Aveni, R. (2004). The rise of hypercompetition from 1950 to 2002: evidence of increasing industry destabilization and temporary competitive advantage. Hanover, NH: Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth.
81. Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electronic Markets , 8 (2), pp. 3-8.
82. Vesper, K. (1979). Strategic Mapping: A Tool for Corporate Planner. Long Range Planning , 12 (4), pp. 75-92.
83. Viscio, A., & Pasternack, B. (1996). Toward a new business model. Strateg Bus , 2 (1), pp. 125-134.
84. Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1947). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
85. Walker, O., & Ruekert, R. (1987, July). Marketing`s Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework. Journal of Marketing , 51, pp. 15-33.
86. Weill, P., & Vitale, M. R. (2001). Place to Space. Migrating to eBusiness Models. Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
87. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Innovation. Retrieved from Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation
88. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy
89. Wunker, S., & Pohle, G. (2007, 11 12). Built for Innovation. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2007/1112/137.html
90. Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2010). The Business Model: Theoretical Roots, Recent Developments, and Future Research. Barcelona, Spain: IESE Business School – University of Navarra.
91. 侯文田. (2005). 企業運用創新創造價值以提升競爭力之研究. 高雄: 國立中山大學企業管理研究所.
92. 區中衛. (2005). 以轉型承諾理論探討企業變革：以宏碁和華碩為例. 台北: 東吳大學商學院企業管理學系碩士論文.
93. 司徒達賢. (2005). 策略管理新論. 台北，台灣: 智勝文化事業.
94. 吳思華. (2002). 從製造臺灣走向知識臺灣--「創意、創新與創業」是知識經濟時代的新力量. 創業創新育成, 5, 頁 7-9.
95. 吳思華. (1996). 策略九說. 台北，台灣: 臉譜文化; 城邦文化.
96. 吳松齡. (2005). 創新管理. 台北: 五南圖書出版公司.
97. 大前研一. (1984). 策略家的智慧. (黃宏義, Trans.) 長河出版社.
98. 張明輝. (2006年5月). 創新管理與學校經營. 教育研究月刊 (145), 頁 41-47.
99. 林建維. (2003). 創新的定義. 北京工業大學出版社, 頁 224-228.
100. 湯明哲. (2003). 策略精論：基礎篇. 台北，台灣: 天下文化.
101. 蔡純姿. (2005). 學校經營創新模式與衡量指標建構之研究. 台南: 國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所博士論文.
102. 許士軍. (1984). 管理學. 台北，台灣: 東華書局.
103. 郭台銘. (2007年4月15日). 鴻海員工的聖經 - 郭語錄. (Tsung, 製作人) 擷取自 Tsung`s Blog: http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2007/04/foxconn_talk_2007/
104. 鄧成連. (2001). 設計策略－產品設計之管理工具與競爭利器. 台北: 亞太圖書出版社.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
99932105
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099932105
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃國峯zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Kuo Fengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖忠雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liau, Jung Shiungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 廖忠雄zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liau, Jung Shiungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Oct-2012 16:34:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Oct-2012 16:34:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Oct-2012 16:34:26 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099932105en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54106-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99932105zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自二十世紀的第三次工業革命(原子能、計算機、與空間技術)以來，由科技帶動全世界半個世紀的進步。在1950至1980年代，企業利用經濟規模提昇產業效率蔚為顯學。90年代以後，人類各項生活基本需求早已被滿足無虞。此時，創新且差異化的營運模式（Business Model）成了企業存在的必要條件。理論上，消費者的需求無所不在，各產業的產品與服務亦無奇不有，而且每個企業更有其賴以生存的特點與優勢，因而適合個別企業發展的營運模式理應也有不少的選項。若果真如此，何以許多企業在一次又一次的競爭中被殘酷地淘汰？而存活的企業中，亦仍有不少在生存與競爭的大海裡掙扎，試圖脫困。

本研究擬由＂策略＂、＂創新＂與＂營運模式＂等三個主題出發，探討國內外學者所提出的觀念與方法，嘗試從中找出其關聯性與一套整合的建構模型，並藉由個人電腦產業中的主要企業的成長歷史來驗證此建構模型。希望能幫助產業找出一個系統性的方法來思考、建構並檢驗其策略與創新營運模式。

本研究將針對個案公司進行次級資料的整理及訪談部份個案公司的中高階經理人。在整理三個國際知名的個人電腦廠商一共四個個案的次級資料的過程以及從個案經理人的訪談中發現，套用本研究的＂策略與創新營運模式＂建構模型，可以用清晰簡單的方式描繪看似複雜的策略及其營運模式，此方法有利於理解企業的策略與執行脈絡。因此，我們也期待企業可以運用這一套完整的建構模型方法來引導、推演、架構、驗證、檢討並修正其未來的策略方向與營運模式。如此，企業將更有機會找到好的營運模式。當時空改變時，也較有機會掌握先機，擬定下一個因應步驟。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究範疇 4
第四節 研究限制 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 “策略”文獻探討 6
2．1．1 策略的發展史 6
2．1．2 策略的定義 7
2．1．3 策略本質 11
2．1．4 策略構面 12
2．1．5 策略類型 14
2．1．6 策略規劃方法 16
2．1．7 策略小結 20
第二節 “創新”文獻探討 21
2．2．1 創新的定義 21
2．2．2 創新的類型 22
2．2．3 創新的方法及步驟 23
2．2．4 創新的衡量 25
2．2．5 創新小結 27
第三節 “營運模式”文獻探討 28
2．3．1 營運模式的定義 28
2．3．2 營運模式基本構成要素 32
2．3．3 營運模式小結 33
第三章 研究方法與流程 35
第一節 研究方法 35
3．1．1 質性研究方法 35
3．1．2 資料蒐集方法 35
第二節 研究流程 38
第四章 ＂策略與創新營運模式＂之整合模型 39
第一節 策略源起因素 41
第二節 尋找策略方向 43
第三節 運用策略方法 45
第四節 建構與調整營運模式 47
第五節 檢視創新機會與衡量創新成果 48
第六節 執行、檢討與展望未來 49
第七節 ＂策略與創新營運模式＂整合模型架構圖 50
第五章 個人電腦產業與主要品牌公司研究 52
第一節 DELL電腦 52
第二節 GETEWAY INC. 61
第三節 ACER INC. 宏碁電腦公司 70
第四節 研究小結 83
第六章 結論與建議 86
第一節 結論 86
第二節 後續研究建議 89
參考文獻 90		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099932105en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 營運模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戴爾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 捷威zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宏碁zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Strategyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Business Modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dellen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gatewayen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aceren_US
dc.title (題名) “策略、創新與營運模式”整合模型之研究 - 以戴爾、捷威與宏碁等個人電腦國際品牌公司為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The integrated model of strategy, innovation, and business model - A case study for Dell, Gateway, and Aceren_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Abell, D. F. (1980). Defining the business : the starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
2. Afuah, A. (2004). Business models: A strategic management approach. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
3. Afuah, A. (1998). Innovation management： Strategies, implementation, and profits. New York: Oxford University Press.
4. Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. (2001). Internet business models and strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
5. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organization. Edited by Behavior (10), 123-167.
6. Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal , pp. 493-520.
7. Andrews, K. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood: Irwin.
8. Ansoff, H. (1957, September-October). Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review , pp. 113-124.
9. Ansoff, I. (1965). Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approach to Growth and Expansion. New York: McGraw Hill.
10. Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. THE PRESIDENT AND THE FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE.
11. Barnett, H. G. (1953). Innovation, the Basis of Cultural Change. New York: McGraw- Hill.
12. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management , 17 (1), pp. 99–120.
13. BCA [Business Council of Australia]. (1993). Managing the Innovating Enterprise. Melbourne: BCA.
14. Bellman, R., Clark, C. E., Malcolm, D. G., Craft, C. J., & Ricciardi, F. M. (1957). On the construction of a multi-stage, multi-person business game. Operations Research , 5 (4), pp. 469-503.
15. Betz, F. (2002). Strategic Business Models. Engineering Management Journal , 14 (1), pp. 21-27.
16. Bright, J. R. (1969). Some Management Lessons from Technological Innovation Research. Long Range Planning , 2 (1), pp. 36-41.
17. Bruce Henderson[The Boston Consulting Group]. (1970). The Product Portfolio. Boston: The Boston Consulting Group.
18. Burgelman, R. A., Kosnik, T. J., & Van den Poel, M. (1998). "The Innovative Capabilities Audit Framework", in Burgelman and Maidique, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation. Homewood, IL.: R. D. Irwin.
19. Burlingham, B. (2005). Small Giants: Companies That Choose to Be Great Instead of Big. New York: Penguin Group.
20. Cannon, J. T. (1968). Business Strategy and Policy. New York: Harcourt Brace of World.
21. Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. E. (2007). Competing through Business Models. Barcelona, Spain: IESE Business School, University of Navarra.
22. Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. (2010). From strategy to business models and to tactics. Long Range Planning (43), pp. 195-215.
23. Chandler, J. A. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corportation`s technology spinoff companies. Industrial and Corporate Change , 11, pp. 533-534.
25. Christensen, C. (1997). The Innovator`s Dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
26. Clausewitz, C. v., Howard, M., & Paret, P. ((1984/1832)). On War [Vom Krieg]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
27. Daft, R. (1978). A dual-core model of organizational innovation. Academy of Management Journal , 21, pp. 193-210.
28. de Kluyver, C. A., & Pearce, J. A. (2006). Strategy: A View From The Top. Prentice Hall PTR.
29. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3 ed.). CA: Thousand Oaks.
30. Downs, G. W., & Mohr, L. B. (1976). Conceptual Issues in the Study of Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly , 21, pp. 700-714.
31. Drucker, P. F. (1954). The Practice of Management. Harper & Row.
32. Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London: Heinemann.
33. Encyclopædia Britannica. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from eb.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568259/strategy
34. Flick, U. (2006). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (3 ed.). London: Sage.
35. Gibbons, M. C. (1994). The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage Publications.
36. Glueck, W. (1972). Business Policy and Management Action. New York: McGraw Hill.
37. Glueck, W. F. (1976). Business Policy: Strategic Formation & Management Action (2 ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill, Inc.
38. Glueck, W. F. (1980). Strategic Management and Business Policy. New York: Mcgraw-Hill College.
39. Hamel, G. (2001). Leading the revolution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
40. Hawkins, R. (2001). The "Business Model" as a Research Problem in Electronic Commerce. STAR (Socio-economic Trends Assessment for the digital Revolution) IST Project. SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research.
41. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (1995). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, Concepts and Cases. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co.
42. Johnson, M. W. (2010). The Four-Box Business Model Framework: Radical Change as a Manageable Process. Harvard Business Press Chapters.
43. Johnson, M., Christensen, C., & H., K. (2008). Reinventing your business model. Harvard Business Review (86), pp. 50-59.
44. Jones, G. M. (1960). Educators, Electrons, and Business Models: A Problem in Synthesis. Accounting Review , 35 (4), pp. 619-626.
45. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1993, January-February). The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review .
46. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1993, January-February). The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review .
47. Konczal, E. F. (1975). Models Are for Managers, Not Mathematicians. Journal of Systems Management , 26 (1), pp. 12-14.
48. Lessem, B. (1990). Strategic planning for school improvement. London: British Educational Management and Administration Society.
49. Linder, J., & Cantrell, S. (2000). Changing business models: surveying the landscape. Chicago: Accenture Institute for Strategic Change.
50. Magretta, J. (2002). Why business models matter. Harvrd Business Review (80), pp. 3-8.
51. Merriam- Webster. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from m-w.com: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/strategy
52. Miles, R., & Snow, C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
53. Miller, A., & Dess, G. (1996). Strategic Management (2 ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill College.
54. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The Structure of Organization. N.J.: Englewood Cliffs.
55. Mintzberg, H., & McHugh, A. (1985). Strategy formation in an adhocracy. Administrative Science Quarterly , 160 (97).
56. Mintzberg, H., & Quinn, J. (1992). "Five Ps for Strategy" in The Strategy Process (International ed.). Englewood Cliffs NJ.: Prentice-Hall.
57. Mohr, L. B. (1969). Determinants of Innovation in Organizations. The American Political Science Review , 63 (1), pp. 111-126.
58. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research (58), pp. 726-735.
59. Ohmae, K. (1984). The Mind Of The Strategist: The Art of Japanese Business. New York: McGraw-Hill.
60. Osterwalder, A. (2004). The Business Model Ontology: A proposition in a design science approach. Lausanne, Switzerland: University of Lausanne.
61. Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
62. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying Business Models: Origins, Present, and Future of The Concept. Communications of AIS , 15.
63. Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (Revised ed.). The Free Press.
64. Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.
65. Porter, M. (1979, March/April). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review .
66. Porter, M. (1979, March/April). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review .
67. Porter, M. (1998). On Competition. Boston: Harvard Business School.
68. Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
69. Porter, M. (1996, November-December). What is a strategy? Harvard Business Review , pp. 61-78.
70. Quinn, J. B. (1980). Strategies for change: Logical incrementalism. R.D. Irwin (Homewood, Ill.).
71. Rappa, M. R. (2000). Business Models on The Web. Retrieved 12 11, 2011, from Managing the digital enterprise: http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html
72. Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4 ed.). New York: The Free Press.
73. Rogers, M. (1998). The Definition and Measurement of Innovation. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
74. Schuler, R., & Jackson, S. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive , 1, pp. 207-219.
75. Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business Cycles: A theoretical, historical and statistical analysis of the Capitalist process. New York Toronto London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
76. Schumpeter, J. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
77. Stähler, P. (2002). Business Models as an Unit of Analysis for Strategizing. International Workshop on Business Models. Lausanne, Switzerland.
78. Steiner, G. A., & Miner, J. B. (1977). Management Policy and Strategy. London: Cllier Macmillan.
79. Teece, D. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning (43), pp. 172-194.
80. Thomas, L., & D` Aveni, R. (2004). The rise of hypercompetition from 1950 to 2002: evidence of increasing industry destabilization and temporary competitive advantage. Hanover, NH: Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth.
81. Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electronic Markets , 8 (2), pp. 3-8.
82. Vesper, K. (1979). Strategic Mapping: A Tool for Corporate Planner. Long Range Planning , 12 (4), pp. 75-92.
83. Viscio, A., & Pasternack, B. (1996). Toward a new business model. Strateg Bus , 2 (1), pp. 125-134.
84. Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1947). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
85. Walker, O., & Ruekert, R. (1987, July). Marketing`s Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework. Journal of Marketing , 51, pp. 15-33.
86. Weill, P., & Vitale, M. R. (2001). Place to Space. Migrating to eBusiness Models. Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
87. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Innovation. Retrieved from Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation
88. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Strategy. Retrieved from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy
89. Wunker, S., & Pohle, G. (2007, 11 12). Built for Innovation. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2007/1112/137.html
90. Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2010). The Business Model: Theoretical Roots, Recent Developments, and Future Research. Barcelona, Spain: IESE Business School – University of Navarra.
91. 侯文田. (2005). 企業運用創新創造價值以提升競爭力之研究. 高雄: 國立中山大學企業管理研究所.
92. 區中衛. (2005). 以轉型承諾理論探討企業變革：以宏碁和華碩為例. 台北: 東吳大學商學院企業管理學系碩士論文.
93. 司徒達賢. (2005). 策略管理新論. 台北，台灣: 智勝文化事業.
94. 吳思華. (2002). 從製造臺灣走向知識臺灣--「創意、創新與創業」是知識經濟時代的新力量. 創業創新育成, 5, 頁 7-9.
95. 吳思華. (1996). 策略九說. 台北，台灣: 臉譜文化; 城邦文化.
96. 吳松齡. (2005). 創新管理. 台北: 五南圖書出版公司.
97. 大前研一. (1984). 策略家的智慧. (黃宏義, Trans.) 長河出版社.
98. 張明輝. (2006年5月). 創新管理與學校經營. 教育研究月刊 (145), 頁 41-47.
99. 林建維. (2003). 創新的定義. 北京工業大學出版社, 頁 224-228.
100. 湯明哲. (2003). 策略精論：基礎篇. 台北，台灣: 天下文化.
101. 蔡純姿. (2005). 學校經營創新模式與衡量指標建構之研究. 台南: 國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所博士論文.
102. 許士軍. (1984). 管理學. 台北，台灣: 東華書局.
103. 郭台銘. (2007年4月15日). 鴻海員工的聖經 - 郭語錄. (Tsung, 製作人) 擷取自 Tsung`s Blog: http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2007/04/foxconn_talk_2007/
104. 鄧成連. (2001). 設計策略－產品設計之管理工具與競爭利器. 台北: 亞太圖書出版社.		zh_TW