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題名 旅遊社區觀光發展歷程研究
A study of community tourism development
作者 黃怡婷
Huang, Yi Ting
貢獻者 洪叔民
黃怡婷
Huang, Yi Ting
關鍵詞 旅遊地生命週期
旅遊發展週期
旅遊社區發展
tourism development life cycle
tourism community development
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:10:12 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以旅遊地生命週期理論為基礎，發展出四個階段的旅遊社區發展模式，釐清社區旅遊發展中各階段的特色，並且找出階段轉換之間的重要里程碑。除了階段特色外，在各個發展時期中，也進一步探討社區發展與其利益關係人所扮演的角色與給予的資源支持。希望旅遊社區發展模式的提出，能夠作為台灣地區未來社區進行觀光旅遊發展時的參考，幫助社區進行管理決策。
本研究以新社、九份及白米地區作為個案研究對象，並且透過文獻探討、次級資料的蒐集與訪談，進一步了解個案地區目前發展情形與發展各階段的重大事件，作為旅遊社區發展模式修正與改進之依據。
本研究共有五項發現，第一，整理並歸納出社區發展的四階段的各階段特色與階段轉換的重要里程碑，第二，以此四階段為劃分依據，探討各階段利益關係人角色與態度之轉變，第三，當社區處於鞏固期或衰退期，在特定條件下，外來的負面影響能促使社區進入再生期，第四，具有觀光吸引力的社區，才得以發展社區旅遊，第五，社區自治團體在社區發展中扮演著相當重要的角色，社區自治團體能幫助社區更成功發展旅遊產業。基於以上資料分析，本研究同時對個案社區、欲發展旅遊產業的社區及未來研究提供相關建議，期望提供未來研究者進一步的參考。
This study derived a tourism community development model based on the theory of tourism area life cycle. Four stages of the model and their corresponding features were identified. In addition, tis study has found the milestones of transferring between stages and explored the roles and contributions of stakeholders to the community development. This model is expected to provide advices and references for the decision making of community management.
Three communities, Shin-she, Jiou-fen and Bai-mi communities were selected as the research targets, and several techniques were applied to conduct the study including literature review secondary data collection, and in-depth interviews. As a result, several important findings were recorded. First, four stages of the development of tourism community with specific features for each stage were identified, and the milestones transferring from one stage to the next stage were defined. Second, the roles of the stakeholders at each stage were recognized and their changing attitudes among different stage were discussed. Third, under specific conditions, the negative effect (e. g., war, disease and natural disasters) will force a community to enter the rejuvenation stage from consolidation or decline stages. Fourth, only the community with tourism attractions can become a successful tourism community. Fifth, the community autonomy organizations play a critical role in the successful development of tourism communities.
Some managerial suggestions were provided to the three case communities and other communities which are planning to develop as tourism communities. Moreover, future research directions were proposed based on the findings in the study.
參考文獻 中文文獻：
江彩禎 (2002)。地方經濟發展推動機制之探討—以推動觀光發展為例。國立成功大學都市計劃研究所 碩士論文。
行政院內政部 (1991)。社區發展協會章程範本，取自：http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/06/law/08.htm
行政院內政部 (1999)。社區發展工作綱要，取自：http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0050077
行政經濟建設委員會，(2012)。中華民國101年國家建設計畫，取自http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/86025/62b17911-3d6a-4ad3-b646-407e50bbc2d3.pdf
林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花 (2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究，第三卷第二期，122-136。
美通社 (2012)。墨西哥將迎來 T20 和世界旅遊業理事會領導人新聞稿。2012年5月15日，取自：http://www.prnasia.com/story/61581-1.shtml
徐震 (1985)。社區發展—方法與研究。台北市：中國文化大學出版部。
高俊雄 (1995)。觀光旅遊地區經營開發之規劃與推動。觀光研究學報，第一卷 第三期，29-43。
張孝銘、林樹旺 (2003)。台灣中部地區運動觀光資源與吸引力之評估。運動觀光發展及休閒產業管理學術研討會，屏東科技大學。
張紹勳 (2001)。研究方法。台中：滄海書局。
陳其南 (1995)。社區總體營造與文化產業發展。載於文建會編印「文化‧產業」研討會暨社區總體營造中日交流展論文集，4-7。
葉至誠、葉立誠(2000)。研究方法與論文寫作。台北:商鼎文化出版社。
英文文獻：
Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5-12.
Chen, C.-F., & P.-C. Chen (2010). Resident attitudes toward heritage tourism development. Tourism Geographies, 12(4), 525-545.
Choi, H.C., & Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1274–1289.
Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.
Gunn, C.A. (1988). Tourism Planning (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Hillery Jr., G. A. (1955). Definitions of community: areas of agreement. Rural Sociology, 20(2), 111-123.
Hoover, E. (1948). The Location of Economic Activity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mat Som, A., Mostafavi Shirazi, S., Marzuki, A., & Jusoh, J. (2011). A critical analysis of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Journal of Global Management, 2(2), 178-183.
Mayo, E. J., & Jarvis, L. P. (1981). The psychology of leisure travel. Boston, MA: CBI Publishing.
Meler, M., Grbac, B., & Horvat, Đ. (2005). SMEs and the tourism industry cluster development. Enterprise In Transition: International Conference Proceedings: 2005, 437-451.
Novelli, M., Schmitz, B., and Spencer, T. (2006) Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1141-1152.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008). Opening up Trade in Services: Key for Tourism Growth. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/11/40191324.pdf
Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Allen, L. (1990). Resident support for tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 586-599.
Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2002). A Preface to Marketing Management. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Pizam, A., Neumann, Y., & Reichel, A. (1978). Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination area. Annals of Tourism Research, 5, 314–322.
Porter, M. E. (1998a) On Competition. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Porter, M. E. (1998b). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77-90.
Richards, G. (2002). Tourism attraction systems-exploring cultural behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 1048- 1064.
Shelby, B. & Heberlien. T. A. (1984). A conceptual framework for carrying capacity determination. Leisure Science, 6(4), 433-451.
Shikida, A., Yoda, M., Kino, A., & Morishige, M. (2010). Tourism relationship model and intermediary for sustainable tourism management: Case study of the Kiritappu Wetland Trust in Hamanaka, Hokkaido. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 10(2), 105-115.
Swarbrooke J. (2000). The development and management of visitor attractions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Thomas S. K. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
Wanhill, S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(1), 132-147.
Weber, A. (1929). A Theory of the Location of Industry. J. Friedrich, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Williams, M. (1997). Social Surveys: Design to Analysis. In: T. May (Ed.) Social Research Issues, Methods and Process. Buckingham: Open University Press.
World Travel and Tourism Council (2012). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/research/economic-impact-research/regional-reports/world/
Yin, R.K. (1994) Case Study: Design and Methods, 2nd ed. London: Sage.
網路資料：
九份商圈聯誼會 http://www.9sale.org/
白米社區網站「宜蘭白米木屐村~白米社區人心，才是心繫一切的所在。」http://59.125.125.114/
交通部觀光局九份景點介紹 http://www.tbroc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0001091&id=290
新社發展協會網站「紫色故鄉、幸福小鎮」http://www.shinshe.org.tw/new/main.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
99355047
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099355047
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 洪叔民zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃怡婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Yi Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃怡婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Yi Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:10:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:10:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:10:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099355047en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54156-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99355047zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以旅遊地生命週期理論為基礎，發展出四個階段的旅遊社區發展模式，釐清社區旅遊發展中各階段的特色，並且找出階段轉換之間的重要里程碑。除了階段特色外，在各個發展時期中，也進一步探討社區發展與其利益關係人所扮演的角色與給予的資源支持。希望旅遊社區發展模式的提出，能夠作為台灣地區未來社區進行觀光旅遊發展時的參考，幫助社區進行管理決策。
本研究以新社、九份及白米地區作為個案研究對象，並且透過文獻探討、次級資料的蒐集與訪談，進一步了解個案地區目前發展情形與發展各階段的重大事件，作為旅遊社區發展模式修正與改進之依據。
本研究共有五項發現，第一，整理並歸納出社區發展的四階段的各階段特色與階段轉換的重要里程碑，第二，以此四階段為劃分依據，探討各階段利益關係人角色與態度之轉變，第三，當社區處於鞏固期或衰退期，在特定條件下，外來的負面影響能促使社區進入再生期，第四，具有觀光吸引力的社區，才得以發展社區旅遊，第五，社區自治團體在社區發展中扮演著相當重要的角色，社區自治團體能幫助社區更成功發展旅遊產業。基於以上資料分析，本研究同時對個案社區、欲發展旅遊產業的社區及未來研究提供相關建議，期望提供未來研究者進一步的參考。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study derived a tourism community development model based on the theory of tourism area life cycle. Four stages of the model and their corresponding features were identified. In addition, tis study has found the milestones of transferring between stages and explored the roles and contributions of stakeholders to the community development. This model is expected to provide advices and references for the decision making of community management.
Three communities, Shin-she, Jiou-fen and Bai-mi communities were selected as the research targets, and several techniques were applied to conduct the study including literature review secondary data collection, and in-depth interviews. As a result, several important findings were recorded. First, four stages of the development of tourism community with specific features for each stage were identified, and the milestones transferring from one stage to the next stage were defined. Second, the roles of the stakeholders at each stage were recognized and their changing attitudes among different stage were discussed. Third, under specific conditions, the negative effect (e. g., war, disease and natural disasters) will force a community to enter the rejuvenation stage from consolidation or decline stages. Fourth, only the community with tourism attractions can become a successful tourism community. Fifth, the community autonomy organizations play a critical role in the successful development of tourism communities.
Some managerial suggestions were provided to the three case communities and other communities which are planning to develop as tourism communities. Moreover, future research directions were proposed based on the findings in the study.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究範圍與研究對象 4
第四節 研究內容與研究方法 5
第二章 文獻探討 10
第一節 旅遊社區的形成 10
第二節 社區與利益關係人 11
第三節 旅遊地生命週期 19
第三章 個案探討 22
第一節 新社地區 24
第二節 九份地區 34
第三節 白米地區 44
第四章 議題探討 52
第一節 旅遊社區發展模式 52
第二節 其他議題討論 62
第五章 結論與建議 67
第一節 結論 67
第二節 建議 70
參考文獻 73
附錄 77		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099355047en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旅遊地生命週期zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旅遊發展週期zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旅遊社區發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tourism development life cycleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tourism community developmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 旅遊社區觀光發展歷程研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A study of community tourism developmenten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻：
江彩禎 (2002)。地方經濟發展推動機制之探討—以推動觀光發展為例。國立成功大學都市計劃研究所 碩士論文。
行政院內政部 (1991)。社區發展協會章程範本，取自：http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/06/law/08.htm
行政院內政部 (1999)。社區發展工作綱要，取自：http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0050077
行政經濟建設委員會，(2012)。中華民國101年國家建設計畫，取自http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/86025/62b17911-3d6a-4ad3-b646-407e50bbc2d3.pdf
林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花 (2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究，第三卷第二期，122-136。
美通社 (2012)。墨西哥將迎來 T20 和世界旅遊業理事會領導人新聞稿。2012年5月15日，取自：http://www.prnasia.com/story/61581-1.shtml
徐震 (1985)。社區發展—方法與研究。台北市：中國文化大學出版部。
高俊雄 (1995)。觀光旅遊地區經營開發之規劃與推動。觀光研究學報，第一卷 第三期，29-43。
張孝銘、林樹旺 (2003)。台灣中部地區運動觀光資源與吸引力之評估。運動觀光發展及休閒產業管理學術研討會，屏東科技大學。
張紹勳 (2001)。研究方法。台中：滄海書局。
陳其南 (1995)。社區總體營造與文化產業發展。載於文建會編印「文化‧產業」研討會暨社區總體營造中日交流展論文集，4-7。
葉至誠、葉立誠(2000)。研究方法與論文寫作。台北:商鼎文化出版社。
英文文獻：
Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5-12.
Chen, C.-F., & P.-C. Chen (2010). Resident attitudes toward heritage tourism development. Tourism Geographies, 12(4), 525-545.
Choi, H.C., & Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1274–1289.
Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.
Gunn, C.A. (1988). Tourism Planning (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
Hillery Jr., G. A. (1955). Definitions of community: areas of agreement. Rural Sociology, 20(2), 111-123.
Hoover, E. (1948). The Location of Economic Activity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mat Som, A., Mostafavi Shirazi, S., Marzuki, A., & Jusoh, J. (2011). A critical analysis of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Journal of Global Management, 2(2), 178-183.
Mayo, E. J., & Jarvis, L. P. (1981). The psychology of leisure travel. Boston, MA: CBI Publishing.
Meler, M., Grbac, B., & Horvat, Đ. (2005). SMEs and the tourism industry cluster development. Enterprise In Transition: International Conference Proceedings: 2005, 437-451.
Novelli, M., Schmitz, B., and Spencer, T. (2006) Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1141-1152.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008). Opening up Trade in Services: Key for Tourism Growth. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/38/11/40191324.pdf
Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Allen, L. (1990). Resident support for tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 586-599.
Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2002). A Preface to Marketing Management. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Pizam, A., Neumann, Y., & Reichel, A. (1978). Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination area. Annals of Tourism Research, 5, 314–322.
Porter, M. E. (1998a) On Competition. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Porter, M. E. (1998b). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77-90.
Richards, G. (2002). Tourism attraction systems-exploring cultural behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 1048- 1064.
Shelby, B. & Heberlien. T. A. (1984). A conceptual framework for carrying capacity determination. Leisure Science, 6(4), 433-451.
Shikida, A., Yoda, M., Kino, A., & Morishige, M. (2010). Tourism relationship model and intermediary for sustainable tourism management: Case study of the Kiritappu Wetland Trust in Hamanaka, Hokkaido. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 10(2), 105-115.
Swarbrooke J. (2000). The development and management of visitor attractions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Thomas S. K. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
Wanhill, S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(1), 132-147.
Weber, A. (1929). A Theory of the Location of Industry. J. Friedrich, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Williams, M. (1997). Social Surveys: Design to Analysis. In: T. May (Ed.) Social Research Issues, Methods and Process. Buckingham: Open University Press.
World Travel and Tourism Council (2012). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2012. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/research/economic-impact-research/regional-reports/world/
Yin, R.K. (1994) Case Study: Design and Methods, 2nd ed. London: Sage.
網路資料：
九份商圈聯誼會 http://www.9sale.org/
白米社區網站「宜蘭白米木屐村~白米社區人心，才是心繫一切的所在。」http://59.125.125.114/
交通部觀光局九份景點介紹 http://www.tbroc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0001091&id=290
新社發展協會網站「紫色故鄉、幸福小鎮」http://www.shinshe.org.tw/new/main.htm		zh_TW