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題名 俄羅斯政治文化與普丁的威權統治
Russian political culture and Putin`s authoritarian rule
作者 姜俊廷
貢獻者 林永芳
姜俊廷
關鍵詞 政治文化
民主鞏固
威權政體
普丁
日期 2010
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:30:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文研究將政治文化視為一國民主建立與鞏固的關鍵因素，政治文化的適切與否將直接影響民主轉型與鞏固之成敗。藉由回溯俄羅斯的歷史經驗，探討在俄羅斯的政治文化中是否具備有利於民主發展的元素。

本文重新檢視在普丁政權的建立與鞏固過程中，強大的國家機器與政治強人實為民意所望，而這樣的民意表徵並不全然來自於短期性的政策改變，而且是根深蒂固於政治文化之中。

本文研究發現，現行的俄羅斯民主政體並非真正的民主，甚至可將之歸類為威權政體。尤其在官方思想定調之後，自由競爭與人權大幅倒退，均無損於普丁政權的民意支持。即使俄羅斯的民主招致許多的批辦，但她確實是根據俄國獨特國情所發展而成的。
參考文獻 一、中文部份


(一) 專書

王玉民，社會科學研究方法理論，台北：紅葉出版社，1994。

王謙等 譯，David Potter等著，民主化的歷程，台北：韋伯文化，2000。

田弘茂等 編，鞏固第三波民主，台北：業強，1997。

田弘茂等 編，新興民主的機遇與挑戰，台北：業強，1997。

外交學院俄羅斯研究中心 譯，Nikolai Svanidze著，大國思維：梅德維杰夫總統訪談錄，北京：法律出版社，2010。

江炳倫，政治文化導論，台北：韋伯文化，2002。

李邁先，俄國史，上卷，台北：正中，1969。

周雪舫，俄羅斯史，台北：三民，2003。

周繼祥，政治學：21世界的觀點，台北：威仕曼文化，2005。

吳玉山，共產世界的變遷-四個共黨政權的比較，台北：東大，1995。

黃裕美 譯，Samuel Huntington著，文明衝突與世界秩序的重建，台北：聯經，1997。

唐賢興等 譯，Michael McFaul著，俄羅斯未竟的革命：從戈巴契夫到普丁的政治變遷，上海：世紀出版集團，2010。

范建中，當代俄羅斯：政治發展過程與對外戰略選擇，北京：時事出版社，2004。

郭小麗，俄羅斯的彌賽亞意識，北京：人民出版社，2009。
葉至誠，研究方法與論文寫作，台北：商鼎文化，2000。

盛杏湲 主編，政治學的範圍與方法，台北：五南圖書，2000。

張明澍 譯，Gabriel A. Almond & Sidney Verba著，公民文化，台北：五南，1996。

陳義彥 主編，政治學，台北：五南圖書，2006。

賀允宜，俄國史，台北：三民，2004。

劉向文，俄國政府與政治，台北：五南圖書，2002。

劉軍寧 譯，Samuel Huntington著，第三波：二十世紀末的民主化浪潮，台北：五南圖書，1994。

鄭羽 主編，普京時代：2000~2008，北京：經濟管理出版社，2008。

鄭羽、龐大彭 主編，普京八年：俄羅斯的復興之路(2000~2008)，政治卷，北京：商務印書館，2008。


(二) 期刊、論文

王定士，「蘇聯解體後俄羅斯對外政策的克里姆林宮政治因素」，俄羅斯學報，第一期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2001。頁77-80。

林永芳，「俄羅斯政黨體系與民主化」，俄羅斯學報，第五期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2006。頁35-40。

周尚文，「俄羅斯思想與俄羅斯社會轉型」，俄羅斯學報，第二期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2002。頁165-180。

吳玉山，「解釋俄羅斯的民主倒退」，台灣民主季刊，第六卷，第一期，台北：台灣民主基金會，2009。頁199-205。

范建中、徐宜鵬，「俄羅斯的“主權民主”：由來、爭議及前景」，俄羅斯研究，第一百四十六期，上海：俄羅斯研究編輯部，2007。頁5-6。
許青芸，「俄羅斯國會之發展剖析」，政治科學論叢，第四十三期，台北：國立台灣大學政治學系，2010。頁119-157。


二、英文部分


(一) 專書(Books)

Aslund, Anders & Michael McFaul eds., Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukriane’s Democratic Breakthrough, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie endowment for international peace, 2006.

Brown, Archie, eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984.

Bialer, Seweryn, Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Westview: BoulderCo, 1989.

Bunce,Valerie, Michael McFaul & Kathryn Stoner-Weiss eds., Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Postcommunist World, New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Cook, Linda J., Postcommunist Welfare States: Reform Politics in Russia and Eastern Europe, Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 2007.

Dahl, Robert, On Democracy, New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, 1998.

De Hartog, Leo, Russia and the Mongol Yoke: the History of the Russian Principalities and the Golden Horde 1221-1502, London: British Academic Press, 1996.

De Custine, Marquis, Letters from Russia, trans, Robin Buss. eds., Harmondworth: Penguin, 1991.

Denton, Jr., Robert E. & Gary C.Woodward, Political Communication in America, London: Praeger, 1998.

Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man, New York: Harper, 1993.
Hammer, Darrell P., Russian Nationalism and Soviet Politics, London: Westview Press, 1989.

Inglehart, Ronald, Modernization and Postmodernization : Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1997.

Inglehart, Ronald, Culture shift in advanced industrial society, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1990.

Inkeles, Alex & Raymond Bauer, The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1959.

Lasswell, Harlod D., “Structure and Function of Communication in Society,” in Lyman Bryson eds., The Communication of Ideas, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948.

Levada,Yu. A. eds., Sovetskiy prostoy chelovek. Opyt sotsial’ nogo portreta na rubezhe 90-kh godov, The Soviet man-on-the-street: An attempt at a social portrait in the early 1990s Moscow: Mirovoy Okean, 1993.

Levitsky, Steven & Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Linz, Juan J. & Alfred Stepan, Problems of democratic transition and consolidation : southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Likhachev, Dmtrii, Biblioteka literatury drevnei Rusi, Sankt Peterburg: Nauka, 1997.

Linz, Juan J. & Seymour M. Lipset & Larry Diamond, Politics in developing countries : comparing experiences with democracy, Boulder: Colo. : L. Rienner Publishers, 1990.

McDaniel, Tim, The Agony of the Russian Idea, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Moore, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Demaocracy: Lord and Peasant in the making of the Modern World, Boston : Beacon Press, 1966.

Millar, James R. eds., Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Fromer Soviet Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Mickiewicz, Ellen, Television, Power, and the Public in Russia, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Mainwaring, Scott P., Rethinking Party System in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Nordlinger, Eric A., On the Autonomy of the Democratic State, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

O`Donnell, Guillermo & Philippe C. Schmitter & Laurence Whitehead eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986..

Pipes, Richard, Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture, Yale University Press, 2005.

Pye, Lucian W. & Sidney Verba eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965.

Pridham, Geoffrey & Tatu Vanhanen eds., Democratization in Eastern Europe:domestic and International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 1994.

Putnam, Robert, Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in modern italy, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1993.

Przeworski, Adam, Democracy and the Market: political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Pollack, Detlef, & Jurg Jacobs & Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003.

Petro, Nicolai N., The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1995.

Rosenbaum, Walter A., Political Culture, New York: Praeger, 1975.

Riha, Thomas, eds., Readings in Russian Civilization, Vol. 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Riasanovsky, Nicholas, Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825-1855, Berkeley: University of California, 1959.

Remington, Thomas, Politics in Russia, New York : Pearson-Longman, 2006.

Schumpeter, Joseph, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, New York: Harper, 1942.

Sorensen, George, Democracy and democratization : processes and prospects in a changing world, Oxford: Westview Press, 1998.

Szamuely, Tibor, The Russian Tradition, London: Martin Secker & Warburg, 1974.

Seton-Watson, Hugh, The Russian Empire: 1801-1917, New York : Oxford University Press, 1967.

Sakwa, Richard, Putin: Russia’s Choice, London: Routledge, 2004.

Sakwa, Richard, Russian Politics and Society, New York : Routledge, 2008.

Whitefield, Stephen, eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony`s College, Oxford, 2005.

White, Stephen, Political Culture and Soviet Politics, London : Macmillan, 1979.

White, Stephen & Richard Rose & Lan McAllister, How Russia Votes, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1997.


(二) 論文、期刊 (Articles)

Atwal, Maya, “Evaluating Nashi’s Sustainability: Autonomy, Agency and Activim”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 61, No. 5, 2009, pp.743-747.

Almond, Gabriel A., “Comparative Political Systems,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1956, pp.391-409.
Brown, Archie, “Political Culture and Democratisation: The Russian Case in Comparative perspective,” in Detlef Pollack, Jurg Jacobs, Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel. eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003, pp.17-26.

Brown, Archie, “Ideology and Political Culture,” in Seweryn Bialer. eds., Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Boulder,Colo: Westview Press, 1989, pp.19-30.

Bezezinski, Zbigniew, “Soviet Politics: From the Future to the Past,” in Paul Cocks, Robert V. Daniels & Nancy Whittier Heer. eds., The Dynamics of Soviet Politics, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1976, pp.70-71.

Colton, Timothy & Michael McFaul, “Are Russians undemocratic?,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2002, pp.91-121.

Collier, David & Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative research,” World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp.430-451.

Dittmer, Lowell, “Political Culture and Political Symbolism: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis,” World Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1977, pp.552-583.

Diamond, Larry & Juan J.Linz & Seymour Lipset, “Democracy in Developing Countries: Facilitating and Obstructing Factors,” Freedom in the world: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1987-1988, pp.229-258.

Evans, Jr., Alfred B., “Vladimir Putin’s Design for Civil Society,” in Alfred B. Evans, Jr., Laura A. Henry & Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. eds., Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment, New York: M.E.Sharpe, 2006, pp.147-151.

Fish, M. Steven, “The Impact of the 1999-2000 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections on Political Party Development,” in Vicki L. Hesli & William M. Reisinger eds., The 1999-2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp.189-190.
Goldman, Marshall I., “The Yukos Affairs”, Current History, Vol. 103, No. 675, 2004, p.319-323.

Gibson, James & Raymond Duch, “Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union,” The Journal of Politics, Vol. 54, 1992, pp.87-88.
Hahn, Jeffrey, “Yaroslavl’Revisited: Assessing Continuity and Change in Russian Political Culture Since 1990,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.150-151

Hahn, Gordon, “Reforming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, p.148-167.

Huntington, Samuel, “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 6, 1996, pp.28-46.

Holmes, Stephen, “Superpresidentialism and Its Problems,” East European Constitutional Review, Vol. 2-3, Fall 1993/Winter 1994, pp.123-126.

Haury, Jakob, “Procopii Caesariensis de de bellis libri V-VIII,” Opera omnia, v.2, vii. 14.22, 1963, pp.70-71.

Herd, Graeme P., “Colorful Revolutions and the CIS,” Problem of Post-Communism, vol. 52, No. 2, 2005, pp.3-18.

Keenan, Edward, “Muscovite Political Folkways,” Russian Review, Vol. 45, No.2, 1986, pp.164-172.

Lukin, Alexander, “Russia’s New Authoritarianism and the Post-Soviet Political Ideal,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol.25, No. 1, 2009, pp.67-71.

Lukin, Alexander & Pavel Lukin, “Myths about Russian Political Culture and the Study of Russian History,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.28-35.

Linz, Juan J., “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference?,” in Juan J. Linz & Arturo Valenzuela. eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Batimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, pp.6-19.

Linz, Juan J., “Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,” in Fred I. Greenstein & Nelson W. Poisby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub., 1975, pp.187-252.

Morozov, Viatcheslav, “Modernizing Sovereign Democracy-Russian Political Thinking and the Future of the Reset,” PONARS, Eurasia Policy Memo, No. 130, 2010, pp.1-2.

McFaul, Michael & Elina Treyger, “Civil Society,” in Michael McFaul, Nikolai Petrov & Andrei Ryabov. eds., Between Dictatorship and Democracy, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2004, p.135-173.

McFaul, Michael, “The Electoral System”, in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.61-79.

McFaul, Michael, “Transitions from Postcommunism,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2005, pp.5-19.

Ordeshook, Peter, “Russia’s Party System: Is Russian Federalism Viable?” Post-soviet Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1996, pp.195-217.

Petrov, Nikolai, “From Managed Democracy to Sovereign Democracy-Putin’s Regime Evolution in 2005,” PONARS, Policy Memo, No. 396, 2005, pp.181-183.

Pye, Lucian, “Political Culture,” International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, vol. 12, 1968, pp.218-225.

Rustow, Dankwart, “Transitions to Democracy,” Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1970, pp.337-363.

Richter, James, “Putin and the Public Chamber,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2009, pp.41-43.

Rutland, Peter, “The Oligarchs and Economic Development,” in Stephen K. Wegren & Dale R. Herspring Book. eds., After Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009, pp.160-164.
Remington, Thomas F., “Democracy Governance, and Inequality: Evidence from the Russian Regions,” for Conference on New Frontiers in Political Economy Higher School of Economics and New Economic School, 2008, pp.1-54.

Ross, Cameron, “Refroming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.161-170.

Rose, Richard, “How Floating Parties Frustrate Democratic Accountability: A Supply-Side View of Russia’s Elections,” in Archie Brown. eds., Contemporary Russian Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp.221-222.

Sakwa, Richard, “Partial Adapation and Plitical Culture,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.43-63.

Schedler, Andreas, “What is Democratic Consolidation?,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1998, pp.95-175.

Slider, Darrell, “Politics in the Regions,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.169-176.

Surkov, Vladislav, “Nationalization of the Future,” Russian Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2009, pp.8-21.

Tucker, Robert C., “Sovietology and Russian History,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 8, No.3, 1992, pp.175-196.

Verba, Sidney, “Comparative political Culture,” in Lucian W. Pye & Sidney Verba. eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965, pp.513-544.

Valentine, Herman, “What Government Say and What Government Do: An Analysis of Postwar Queen’s Speech,” Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.28, 1975, pp.22-30.

Varga, Mihai, “How Political Opportunities Strengthen the Far Right: Understanding the Rise in Far-Right Militancy in Russia,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 60, No. 4, 2008, pp.561-575.

White, Stephen, “Soviet Political Culture Ressessed,” in Archie Brown. eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984, pp.62-99.

White, Stephen, “The Political Party,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.81-90.

White, Stephen, “Classifying Russia’s Politics,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.263-280.

Whitefield, Stephen, “Russian Citizens and Russian Democracy: Perceptions of State Governance and Democratic Practice, 1993-2007,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 2 2009, pp.93-117.

Willerton, John, “Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.23-25

Wyman, Matthew, “Elections and Votes,” in Stephen White. eds., Developments in Russian Politics, Duham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2001, pp.68.


三、網路資源

(一) 網站

「人權觀察」：

「自由之家」：< http://www.freedomhouse.org>

「保護記者協會」：< http://cpj.org/ >

「俄羅斯聯邦總統」：

「俄羅斯聯邦院」：

「俄羅斯聯邦中央選舉委員會」：

「國際特赦」：

「統一俄羅斯黨」：

「歐洲自由電台」：< http://www.rferl.org/section/Russia/161.html >


(二) 新聞

BBC中文網，「別斯蘭為人質事件死者舉行首批葬禮」，，檢視日期：2011/02/18。

BBC中文網，「數萬俄國人群聚紅場參與反恐集會」，，檢視日期：2011/02/18。

BBC中文網，「愛沙尼亞駐莫斯科使館暫停領事業務」，，檢視日期：2011/03/02。

BBC NEWS, “Russian youths `hound UK envoy”,
. 檢視日期：2011/03/02。


(三) 評論

McFaul, Michael, “Putin’s Strong Hand Is Failing Russia,” Center for American Progress, . (September 14, 2004). 檢視日期：2011/02/20。

Rutland, Peter, “Is Putin Out to Destroy Civil Society in russia?,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol. 1, Issue. 21, (May 31, 2004). . 檢視日期：2011/01/29。

Hahn, Gordon, “Putin’s Stealth Authoritarianism,” Radio Free Europe, (April15, 22 &29, 2004). 檢視日
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
96263006
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962630061
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 姜俊廷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 姜俊廷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:30:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0962630061en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54260-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96263006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文研究將政治文化視為一國民主建立與鞏固的關鍵因素，政治文化的適切與否將直接影響民主轉型與鞏固之成敗。藉由回溯俄羅斯的歷史經驗，探討在俄羅斯的政治文化中是否具備有利於民主發展的元素。

本文重新檢視在普丁政權的建立與鞏固過程中，強大的國家機器與政治強人實為民意所望，而這樣的民意表徵並不全然來自於短期性的政策改變，而且是根深蒂固於政治文化之中。

本文研究發現，現行的俄羅斯民主政體並非真正的民主，甚至可將之歸類為威權政體。尤其在官方思想定調之後，自由競爭與人權大幅倒退，均無損於普丁政權的民意支持。即使俄羅斯的民主招致許多的批辦，但她確實是根據俄國獨特國情所發展而成的。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與研究目的 1
第二節 研究範圍與限制 4
第三節 研究途徑與方法 9
第四節 文獻回顧 12
第二章 俄羅斯政治文化的傳承 26
第一節 威權路徑的建立 28
第二節 威權路徑的強化 36
第三節 威權路徑的繼承 44
第四節 小結 50
第三章 普丁與權力集中 51
第一節 國家強化 52
第二節 中央集權 61
第三節 行政權獨大 66
第四節 小結 79
第四章 評析主權式民主 80
第一節 主權式民主的緣起 82
第二節 主權式民主的意涵 88
第三節 主權式民主的影響 92
第四節 小結 99
第五章 結論 101
參考文獻 105





圖表目錄
圖 1 1 俄羅斯的威權路徑 10
圖 3 1 西方與俄國的政黨政治之比較 74

表 3-1 俄羅斯國家杜馬選舉結果， 1993-1999 73
表 3-2 政黨與其他機構信任度之比較， 1997-2004 74
表 3-3 俄羅斯國家杜馬選舉結果，2003 78
表 4-1 俄羅斯境內種族攻擊傷亡統計表，2004-06 97		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962630061en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民主鞏固zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 威權政體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 普丁zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 俄羅斯政治文化與普丁的威權統治zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Russian political culture and Putin`s authoritarian ruleen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份


(一) 專書

王玉民，社會科學研究方法理論，台北：紅葉出版社，1994。

王謙等 譯，David Potter等著，民主化的歷程，台北：韋伯文化，2000。

田弘茂等 編，鞏固第三波民主，台北：業強，1997。

田弘茂等 編，新興民主的機遇與挑戰，台北：業強，1997。

外交學院俄羅斯研究中心 譯，Nikolai Svanidze著，大國思維：梅德維杰夫總統訪談錄，北京：法律出版社，2010。

江炳倫，政治文化導論，台北：韋伯文化，2002。

李邁先，俄國史，上卷，台北：正中，1969。

周雪舫，俄羅斯史，台北：三民，2003。

周繼祥，政治學：21世界的觀點，台北：威仕曼文化，2005。

吳玉山，共產世界的變遷-四個共黨政權的比較，台北：東大，1995。

黃裕美 譯，Samuel Huntington著，文明衝突與世界秩序的重建，台北：聯經，1997。

唐賢興等 譯，Michael McFaul著，俄羅斯未竟的革命：從戈巴契夫到普丁的政治變遷，上海：世紀出版集團，2010。

范建中，當代俄羅斯：政治發展過程與對外戰略選擇，北京：時事出版社，2004。

郭小麗，俄羅斯的彌賽亞意識，北京：人民出版社，2009。
葉至誠，研究方法與論文寫作，台北：商鼎文化，2000。

盛杏湲 主編，政治學的範圍與方法，台北：五南圖書，2000。

張明澍 譯，Gabriel A. Almond & Sidney Verba著，公民文化，台北：五南，1996。

陳義彥 主編，政治學，台北：五南圖書，2006。

賀允宜，俄國史，台北：三民，2004。

劉向文，俄國政府與政治，台北：五南圖書，2002。

劉軍寧 譯，Samuel Huntington著，第三波：二十世紀末的民主化浪潮，台北：五南圖書，1994。

鄭羽 主編，普京時代：2000~2008，北京：經濟管理出版社，2008。

鄭羽、龐大彭 主編，普京八年：俄羅斯的復興之路(2000~2008)，政治卷，北京：商務印書館，2008。


(二) 期刊、論文

王定士，「蘇聯解體後俄羅斯對外政策的克里姆林宮政治因素」，俄羅斯學報，第一期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2001。頁77-80。

林永芳，「俄羅斯政黨體系與民主化」，俄羅斯學報，第五期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2006。頁35-40。

周尚文，「俄羅斯思想與俄羅斯社會轉型」，俄羅斯學報，第二期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2002。頁165-180。

吳玉山，「解釋俄羅斯的民主倒退」，台灣民主季刊，第六卷，第一期，台北：台灣民主基金會，2009。頁199-205。

范建中、徐宜鵬，「俄羅斯的“主權民主”：由來、爭議及前景」，俄羅斯研究，第一百四十六期，上海：俄羅斯研究編輯部，2007。頁5-6。
許青芸，「俄羅斯國會之發展剖析」，政治科學論叢，第四十三期，台北：國立台灣大學政治學系，2010。頁119-157。


二、英文部分


(一) 專書(Books)

Aslund, Anders & Michael McFaul eds., Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukriane’s Democratic Breakthrough, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie endowment for international peace, 2006.

Brown, Archie, eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984.

Bialer, Seweryn, Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Westview: BoulderCo, 1989.

Bunce,Valerie, Michael McFaul & Kathryn Stoner-Weiss eds., Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Postcommunist World, New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Cook, Linda J., Postcommunist Welfare States: Reform Politics in Russia and Eastern Europe, Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 2007.

Dahl, Robert, On Democracy, New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, 1998.

De Hartog, Leo, Russia and the Mongol Yoke: the History of the Russian Principalities and the Golden Horde 1221-1502, London: British Academic Press, 1996.

De Custine, Marquis, Letters from Russia, trans, Robin Buss. eds., Harmondworth: Penguin, 1991.

Denton, Jr., Robert E. & Gary C.Woodward, Political Communication in America, London: Praeger, 1998.

Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man, New York: Harper, 1993.
Hammer, Darrell P., Russian Nationalism and Soviet Politics, London: Westview Press, 1989.

Inglehart, Ronald, Modernization and Postmodernization : Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1997.

Inglehart, Ronald, Culture shift in advanced industrial society, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1990.

Inkeles, Alex & Raymond Bauer, The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1959.

Lasswell, Harlod D., “Structure and Function of Communication in Society,” in Lyman Bryson eds., The Communication of Ideas, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948.

Levada,Yu. A. eds., Sovetskiy prostoy chelovek. Opyt sotsial’ nogo portreta na rubezhe 90-kh godov, The Soviet man-on-the-street: An attempt at a social portrait in the early 1990s Moscow: Mirovoy Okean, 1993.

Levitsky, Steven & Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Linz, Juan J. & Alfred Stepan, Problems of democratic transition and consolidation : southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Likhachev, Dmtrii, Biblioteka literatury drevnei Rusi, Sankt Peterburg: Nauka, 1997.

Linz, Juan J. & Seymour M. Lipset & Larry Diamond, Politics in developing countries : comparing experiences with democracy, Boulder: Colo. : L. Rienner Publishers, 1990.

McDaniel, Tim, The Agony of the Russian Idea, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Moore, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Demaocracy: Lord and Peasant in the making of the Modern World, Boston : Beacon Press, 1966.

Millar, James R. eds., Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Fromer Soviet Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Mickiewicz, Ellen, Television, Power, and the Public in Russia, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Mainwaring, Scott P., Rethinking Party System in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Nordlinger, Eric A., On the Autonomy of the Democratic State, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

O`Donnell, Guillermo & Philippe C. Schmitter & Laurence Whitehead eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986..

Pipes, Richard, Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture, Yale University Press, 2005.

Pye, Lucian W. & Sidney Verba eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965.

Pridham, Geoffrey & Tatu Vanhanen eds., Democratization in Eastern Europe:domestic and International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 1994.

Putnam, Robert, Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in modern italy, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1993.

Przeworski, Adam, Democracy and the Market: political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Pollack, Detlef, & Jurg Jacobs & Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003.

Petro, Nicolai N., The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1995.

Rosenbaum, Walter A., Political Culture, New York: Praeger, 1975.

Riha, Thomas, eds., Readings in Russian Civilization, Vol. 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Riasanovsky, Nicholas, Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825-1855, Berkeley: University of California, 1959.

Remington, Thomas, Politics in Russia, New York : Pearson-Longman, 2006.

Schumpeter, Joseph, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, New York: Harper, 1942.

Sorensen, George, Democracy and democratization : processes and prospects in a changing world, Oxford: Westview Press, 1998.

Szamuely, Tibor, The Russian Tradition, London: Martin Secker & Warburg, 1974.

Seton-Watson, Hugh, The Russian Empire: 1801-1917, New York : Oxford University Press, 1967.

Sakwa, Richard, Putin: Russia’s Choice, London: Routledge, 2004.

Sakwa, Richard, Russian Politics and Society, New York : Routledge, 2008.

Whitefield, Stephen, eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony`s College, Oxford, 2005.

White, Stephen, Political Culture and Soviet Politics, London : Macmillan, 1979.

White, Stephen & Richard Rose & Lan McAllister, How Russia Votes, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1997.


(二) 論文、期刊 (Articles)

Atwal, Maya, “Evaluating Nashi’s Sustainability: Autonomy, Agency and Activim”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 61, No. 5, 2009, pp.743-747.

Almond, Gabriel A., “Comparative Political Systems,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1956, pp.391-409.
Brown, Archie, “Political Culture and Democratisation: The Russian Case in Comparative perspective,” in Detlef Pollack, Jurg Jacobs, Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel. eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003, pp.17-26.

Brown, Archie, “Ideology and Political Culture,” in Seweryn Bialer. eds., Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Boulder,Colo: Westview Press, 1989, pp.19-30.

Bezezinski, Zbigniew, “Soviet Politics: From the Future to the Past,” in Paul Cocks, Robert V. Daniels & Nancy Whittier Heer. eds., The Dynamics of Soviet Politics, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1976, pp.70-71.

Colton, Timothy & Michael McFaul, “Are Russians undemocratic?,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2002, pp.91-121.

Collier, David & Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative research,” World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp.430-451.

Dittmer, Lowell, “Political Culture and Political Symbolism: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis,” World Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1977, pp.552-583.

Diamond, Larry & Juan J.Linz & Seymour Lipset, “Democracy in Developing Countries: Facilitating and Obstructing Factors,” Freedom in the world: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1987-1988, pp.229-258.

Evans, Jr., Alfred B., “Vladimir Putin’s Design for Civil Society,” in Alfred B. Evans, Jr., Laura A. Henry & Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. eds., Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment, New York: M.E.Sharpe, 2006, pp.147-151.

Fish, M. Steven, “The Impact of the 1999-2000 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections on Political Party Development,” in Vicki L. Hesli & William M. Reisinger eds., The 1999-2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp.189-190.
Goldman, Marshall I., “The Yukos Affairs”, Current History, Vol. 103, No. 675, 2004, p.319-323.

Gibson, James & Raymond Duch, “Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union,” The Journal of Politics, Vol. 54, 1992, pp.87-88.
Hahn, Jeffrey, “Yaroslavl’Revisited: Assessing Continuity and Change in Russian Political Culture Since 1990,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.150-151

Hahn, Gordon, “Reforming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, p.148-167.

Huntington, Samuel, “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 6, 1996, pp.28-46.

Holmes, Stephen, “Superpresidentialism and Its Problems,” East European Constitutional Review, Vol. 2-3, Fall 1993/Winter 1994, pp.123-126.

Haury, Jakob, “Procopii Caesariensis de de bellis libri V-VIII,” Opera omnia, v.2, vii. 14.22, 1963, pp.70-71.

Herd, Graeme P., “Colorful Revolutions and the CIS,” Problem of Post-Communism, vol. 52, No. 2, 2005, pp.3-18.

Keenan, Edward, “Muscovite Political Folkways,” Russian Review, Vol. 45, No.2, 1986, pp.164-172.

Lukin, Alexander, “Russia’s New Authoritarianism and the Post-Soviet Political Ideal,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol.25, No. 1, 2009, pp.67-71.

Lukin, Alexander & Pavel Lukin, “Myths about Russian Political Culture and the Study of Russian History,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.28-35.

Linz, Juan J., “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference?,” in Juan J. Linz & Arturo Valenzuela. eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Batimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, pp.6-19.

Linz, Juan J., “Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,” in Fred I. Greenstein & Nelson W. Poisby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub., 1975, pp.187-252.

Morozov, Viatcheslav, “Modernizing Sovereign Democracy-Russian Political Thinking and the Future of the Reset,” PONARS, Eurasia Policy Memo, No. 130, 2010, pp.1-2.

McFaul, Michael & Elina Treyger, “Civil Society,” in Michael McFaul, Nikolai Petrov & Andrei Ryabov. eds., Between Dictatorship and Democracy, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2004, p.135-173.

McFaul, Michael, “The Electoral System”, in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.61-79.

McFaul, Michael, “Transitions from Postcommunism,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2005, pp.5-19.

Ordeshook, Peter, “Russia’s Party System: Is Russian Federalism Viable?” Post-soviet Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1996, pp.195-217.

Petrov, Nikolai, “From Managed Democracy to Sovereign Democracy-Putin’s Regime Evolution in 2005,” PONARS, Policy Memo, No. 396, 2005, pp.181-183.

Pye, Lucian, “Political Culture,” International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, vol. 12, 1968, pp.218-225.

Rustow, Dankwart, “Transitions to Democracy,” Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1970, pp.337-363.

Richter, James, “Putin and the Public Chamber,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2009, pp.41-43.

Rutland, Peter, “The Oligarchs and Economic Development,” in Stephen K. Wegren & Dale R. Herspring Book. eds., After Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009, pp.160-164.
Remington, Thomas F., “Democracy Governance, and Inequality: Evidence from the Russian Regions,” for Conference on New Frontiers in Political Economy Higher School of Economics and New Economic School, 2008, pp.1-54.

Ross, Cameron, “Refroming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.161-170.

Rose, Richard, “How Floating Parties Frustrate Democratic Accountability: A Supply-Side View of Russia’s Elections,” in Archie Brown. eds., Contemporary Russian Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp.221-222.

Sakwa, Richard, “Partial Adapation and Plitical Culture,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.43-63.

Schedler, Andreas, “What is Democratic Consolidation?,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1998, pp.95-175.

Slider, Darrell, “Politics in the Regions,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.169-176.

Surkov, Vladislav, “Nationalization of the Future,” Russian Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2009, pp.8-21.

Tucker, Robert C., “Sovietology and Russian History,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 8, No.3, 1992, pp.175-196.

Verba, Sidney, “Comparative political Culture,” in Lucian W. Pye & Sidney Verba. eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965, pp.513-544.

Valentine, Herman, “What Government Say and What Government Do: An Analysis of Postwar Queen’s Speech,” Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.28, 1975, pp.22-30.

Varga, Mihai, “How Political Opportunities Strengthen the Far Right: Understanding the Rise in Far-Right Militancy in Russia,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 60, No. 4, 2008, pp.561-575.

White, Stephen, “Soviet Political Culture Ressessed,” in Archie Brown. eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984, pp.62-99.

White, Stephen, “The Political Party,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.81-90.

White, Stephen, “Classifying Russia’s Politics,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.263-280.

Whitefield, Stephen, “Russian Citizens and Russian Democracy: Perceptions of State Governance and Democratic Practice, 1993-2007,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 2 2009, pp.93-117.

Willerton, John, “Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.23-25

Wyman, Matthew, “Elections and Votes,” in Stephen White. eds., Developments in Russian Politics, Duham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2001, pp.68.


三、網路資源

(一) 網站

「人權觀察」：

「自由之家」：< http://www.freedomhouse.org>

「保護記者協會」：< http://cpj.org/ >

「俄羅斯聯邦總統」：

「俄羅斯聯邦院」：

「俄羅斯聯邦中央選舉委員會」：

「國際特赦」：

「統一俄羅斯黨」：

「歐洲自由電台」：< http://www.rferl.org/section/Russia/161.html >


(二) 新聞

BBC中文網，「別斯蘭為人質事件死者舉行首批葬禮」，，檢視日期：2011/02/18。

BBC中文網，「數萬俄國人群聚紅場參與反恐集會」，，檢視日期：2011/02/18。

BBC中文網，「愛沙尼亞駐莫斯科使館暫停領事業務」，，檢視日期：2011/03/02。

BBC NEWS, “Russian youths `hound UK envoy”,
. 檢視日期：2011/03/02。


(三) 評論

McFaul, Michael, “Putin’s Strong Hand Is Failing Russia,” Center for American Progress, . (September 14, 2004). 檢視日期：2011/02/20。

Rutland, Peter, “Is Putin Out to Destroy Civil Society in russia?,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol. 1, Issue. 21, (May 31, 2004). . 檢視日期：2011/01/29。

Hahn, Gordon, “Putin’s Stealth Authoritarianism,” Radio Free Europe, (April15, 22 &29, 2004). 檢視日		zh_TW