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題名 婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪- 臺灣實證研究
Female labor force participation and juvenile delinquency: the case of Taiwan.
作者 施佩姍
Shih, Pei Shan
貢獻者 林翠芳
施佩姍
Shih, Pei Shan
關鍵詞 婦女勞動參與率
青少年犯罪
追蹤資料
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:46:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文以 1998 - 2010 年臺灣五都改制前 25 縣市的追蹤資料 (panel data) ，探討婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪的關係。估計方法方面則使用 OLS 與固定效果模型。
實證結果顯示，於控制時間趨勢後，婦女勞動參與率對少年竊盜犯罪人口率有顯著正向影響，符合我們的預期，雖然在大多數的模型中影響幾乎都不顯著，但婦女勞動參與的確對部分的青少年犯罪產生影響。因此，政府應該多提供職業婦女一些社會性的扶助，令婦女在參與勞動時能兼顧家庭照顧與監督的功能。此外，教育程度對犯罪人口率的影響，在有或沒有控制時間趨勢的結果一致。在大多數的模型中，相對於國中及以下的教育程度而言，高中職教育程度和大專及以上教育程度越高，犯罪人口率則越低。因此，若欲改善青少年犯罪的問題，應可從提高國民平均教育程度著手。
參考文獻 中文部分:
李大正、楊靜利 (2004)，「台灣婦女勞動參與類型與歷程之變遷」，《人口學刊》， 28， 109-134。
李維特、杜伯納 (2006)， 蘋果橘子經濟學 (李明譯)，台北市: 大塊文化。 (原著出版年: 2005)
林明仁、劉仲偉 (2006)，「失業真的會導致犯罪嗎？以台灣1978年至2003年縣市資料為例」，《經濟論文叢刊》， 34:4， 445-483。
黃台心 (2009)，《計量經濟學》，台北市: 新陸。
劉孟奇、盧敬植 (2011)， 「所得分配不均與犯罪:台灣縣市動態追蹤資料分析」， 《經濟論文叢刊》，39:2， 243-276。
蔡德輝、楊士隆 (2000)，「犯罪矯正新趨勢: 社區處遇制度之可行性研究」，法學叢刊， 45:3， 41-55。

英文部分:
Ackah , Charles, Clement Ahiadeke and Ama Pokuaa Fenny (2009), “Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation in Ghana,” working papers retrieved from http://cloud2.gdnet.org/cms.php?id=research_paper_abstract&research_paper_id=15741
Aizer, Anna (2004), “Home Alone: Supervision After School and Child Behavior,” Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1835-1848.
Aughinbaugh, Alison and Maury Gittleman (2004), “Maternal Employment and Adolescent Risky Behavior,”Journal of Health Economics, 23, 815-838.
Becker, Gary S. (1965), “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” The Economy Journal, 75, 493-517.
Becker, Gary S. (1968), “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach,” Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
Bianchi, Suzanne M. (2000), “Maternal Employment and Time with Children: Dramatic Change or Surprising Continuity? ” Demography, 37 (4), 401-414.
Chan, Yun-Shan (2012), “A Dynamic Model of Criminal Behavior of Youth,” NBER Working Paper.
Chen, Wan-Chi, Ming-Jen Lin, and Jin-Tan Liu (2010), “Maternal Age as a Crucial Factor between Low Birth Weight and Crime: Evidence from Taiwan`s National Data-A Research Note,” Social Science Research, 33(6), 1047-1058.
Cheung, Chau-Kiu, Ngan-Pun Ngai and Steven Sek-Yum Ngai (2007), “Family Strain and Adolescent Delinquency in Two Chinese Cities, Guangzhou and Hong Kong,” Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 626-641.
Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson (1979), “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach,” American Sociological Review, 44 (4), 588-608.
Contreras , Dante and Gonzalo Plaza (2010), “Cultural Factors in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Chile,” Feminist Economics, 16(2), 27-46.
Cookston, Jeffery T. (1999), “Parental Supervision and Family Structure: Effects on Adolescent Problem Behaviors,” Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 32 (1/2), 107-122.
Ehrlich, Isaac (1973), “Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Political Economy, 49, 1057-1072.
Entorf, Horst and Hannes Spengler (2000), “Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence from Panel Data of the German States,” International Review of Law and Economics, 20, 75-106.
Fleisher, Belton M. (1963), “The Effect of Unemployment on Juvenile Delinquency,” Journal of Political Economy, 77 (6), 543-555.
Gould, Eric D., Bruce A. Weinberg, and David B. Mustard (2002), “Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997,”Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
Grogger, Jeff (1998), “Market Wages and Youth Crime,”Journal of Labor Economics, 16 (4), 756-791.
Huang, Jr-Tsung (2007), “Labor Force Participation and Juvenile Delinquency in Taiwan: A Time Series Analysis,” Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(1), 137-150.
I ̇mrohorog ̌lu, Ayse, Antonio Merlo and Peter Rupert (2004),“What Accounts for the Decline in Crime?”International Economic Review, 45 (3), 707-729.
Joyce, Ted (2009), “A Simple Test of Abortion and Crime,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(1), 112-123.
Kalb, Guyonne and Jenny Williams (2003), “Delinquency and Gender,” Applied Economics Letters, 10, 425-429.
Lin, Ming-Jen (2007), “Does Democracy Increase Crime? Evidence from International Data,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 35 (3), 467-483.
Lochner, Lance (2004), “Education, Work, and Crime: a Human Capital Approach,” International Economic Review, 45 (3), 811-843.
Narayan, Paresh Kumar and Russell Smyth (2004), “Crime rates, Male Youth Unemployment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests,” Applied Economics, 36, 2079-1095.
Nikolaos, Dritsakis and GkanasAlexandros (2009), “The Effect of Socio-economic Determinants on Crime Rates: An Empirical Research in the Case of Greece with Cointegration Analysis,” International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 2 (2), 51-64.
Oberwittler, Dietrich (2007), “The Effects of Neighborhood Poverty on Adolescent Problem Behaviours: A Multi-level Analysis Differentiate by Gender and Ethnicity,” Housing Study, 22 (5), 781-803.
Pampel, Fred C. and Kazuko Tanaka (1986), “Economic Development and Female Labor Participation: A Reconsideration,” Social Force, 64 (3), 599-619.
Semyonov, Moshe (1980) “The Social Context of Women’s Labor Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis,” American Journal of Sociology, 86 (3), 534-550.
Sookram, Sandra, MaukeshBasdeo, Kerry Sumesar-Rai and George Saridakis (2009), “A Time-Series Analysis of Crime in Trinidad and Tobago,” working papers retrieved from http://64.28.139.231/salises/pubs/workingpapers/20.pdf
Thomas, George, Michael P. Farrell, and Grace M. Barnes (1996), “The Effects of Single-Mother Families and Nonresident Fathers on Delinquency and Substance Abuse in Black and White Adolescents,” Journal of Marriage and Family, 58 (4), 884-894.
Witt, Robert and Ann Witte (2000), “Crime, Prison, and Female Labor Supply,” Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16 (1), 69-85.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. (2002), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.


網路資料:
內政部統計處 (2010)， 「 99 年離婚者按結婚年數統計」， 《內政統計通報》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/week.aspx
內政部統計處 (2011)， 「百年好合結婚狀況統計」， 《內政統計通報》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/week.aspx
內政部統計處 (2010)，「99 年縣市排序」《內政統計指標縣市排名》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/city02.aspx
行政院主計處 (2005、2010)，「就業」，《社會統計指標年報》
行政院主計處 (2005、2010)，「公共安全」，《社會統計指標年報》
教育部統計處 (2010)， 「 15 歲以上人口教育程度」，主要統計表http://www.edu.tw/statistics/content.aspx?site_content_sn=8869
行政院勞工委員會 (2011)， 「勞動力狀況」，《性別勞動統計 100 年版》http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/00womanmenu.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政研究所
99255003
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099255003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林翠芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 施佩姍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shih, Pei Shanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 施佩姍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shih, Pei Shanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:46:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:46:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:46:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099255003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54348-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99255003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文以 1998 - 2010 年臺灣五都改制前 25 縣市的追蹤資料 (panel data) ，探討婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪的關係。估計方法方面則使用 OLS 與固定效果模型。
實證結果顯示，於控制時間趨勢後，婦女勞動參與率對少年竊盜犯罪人口率有顯著正向影響，符合我們的預期，雖然在大多數的模型中影響幾乎都不顯著，但婦女勞動參與的確對部分的青少年犯罪產生影響。因此，政府應該多提供職業婦女一些社會性的扶助，令婦女在參與勞動時能兼顧家庭照顧與監督的功能。此外，教育程度對犯罪人口率的影響，在有或沒有控制時間趨勢的結果一致。在大多數的模型中，相對於國中及以下的教育程度而言，高中職教育程度和大專及以上教育程度越高，犯罪人口率則越低。因此，若欲改善青少年犯罪的問題，應可從提高國民平均教育程度著手。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與範圍 3
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 一般犯罪 7
第二節 青少年犯罪 12
第三節 本研究之貢獻 16
第三章 實證模型 17
第一節 研究方法 17
第二節 變數說明 18
第四章 實證結果 26
第一節 未控制時間趨勢之估計結果 26
第二節 納入時間虛擬變數之估計結果 34
第五章 結論 44
第一節 研究結果 44
第二節 建議與限制 46		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099255003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 婦女勞動參與率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 青少年犯罪zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 追蹤資料zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 婦女勞動參與與青少年犯罪- 臺灣實證研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Female labor force participation and juvenile delinquency: the case of Taiwan.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分:
李大正、楊靜利 (2004)，「台灣婦女勞動參與類型與歷程之變遷」，《人口學刊》， 28， 109-134。
李維特、杜伯納 (2006)， 蘋果橘子經濟學 (李明譯)，台北市: 大塊文化。 (原著出版年: 2005)
林明仁、劉仲偉 (2006)，「失業真的會導致犯罪嗎？以台灣1978年至2003年縣市資料為例」，《經濟論文叢刊》， 34:4， 445-483。
黃台心 (2009)，《計量經濟學》，台北市: 新陸。
劉孟奇、盧敬植 (2011)， 「所得分配不均與犯罪:台灣縣市動態追蹤資料分析」， 《經濟論文叢刊》，39:2， 243-276。
蔡德輝、楊士隆 (2000)，「犯罪矯正新趨勢: 社區處遇制度之可行性研究」，法學叢刊， 45:3， 41-55。

英文部分:
Ackah , Charles, Clement Ahiadeke and Ama Pokuaa Fenny (2009), “Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation in Ghana,” working papers retrieved from http://cloud2.gdnet.org/cms.php?id=research_paper_abstract&research_paper_id=15741
Aizer, Anna (2004), “Home Alone: Supervision After School and Child Behavior,” Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1835-1848.
Aughinbaugh, Alison and Maury Gittleman (2004), “Maternal Employment and Adolescent Risky Behavior,”Journal of Health Economics, 23, 815-838.
Becker, Gary S. (1965), “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” The Economy Journal, 75, 493-517.
Becker, Gary S. (1968), “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach,” Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217.
Bianchi, Suzanne M. (2000), “Maternal Employment and Time with Children: Dramatic Change or Surprising Continuity? ” Demography, 37 (4), 401-414.
Chan, Yun-Shan (2012), “A Dynamic Model of Criminal Behavior of Youth,” NBER Working Paper.
Chen, Wan-Chi, Ming-Jen Lin, and Jin-Tan Liu (2010), “Maternal Age as a Crucial Factor between Low Birth Weight and Crime: Evidence from Taiwan`s National Data-A Research Note,” Social Science Research, 33(6), 1047-1058.
Cheung, Chau-Kiu, Ngan-Pun Ngai and Steven Sek-Yum Ngai (2007), “Family Strain and Adolescent Delinquency in Two Chinese Cities, Guangzhou and Hong Kong,” Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 626-641.
Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson (1979), “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach,” American Sociological Review, 44 (4), 588-608.
Contreras , Dante and Gonzalo Plaza (2010), “Cultural Factors in Women’s Labor Force Participation in Chile,” Feminist Economics, 16(2), 27-46.
Cookston, Jeffery T. (1999), “Parental Supervision and Family Structure: Effects on Adolescent Problem Behaviors,” Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 32 (1/2), 107-122.
Ehrlich, Isaac (1973), “Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Political Economy, 49, 1057-1072.
Entorf, Horst and Hannes Spengler (2000), “Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence from Panel Data of the German States,” International Review of Law and Economics, 20, 75-106.
Fleisher, Belton M. (1963), “The Effect of Unemployment on Juvenile Delinquency,” Journal of Political Economy, 77 (6), 543-555.
Gould, Eric D., Bruce A. Weinberg, and David B. Mustard (2002), “Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997,”Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
Grogger, Jeff (1998), “Market Wages and Youth Crime,”Journal of Labor Economics, 16 (4), 756-791.
Huang, Jr-Tsung (2007), “Labor Force Participation and Juvenile Delinquency in Taiwan: A Time Series Analysis,” Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(1), 137-150.
I ̇mrohorog ̌lu, Ayse, Antonio Merlo and Peter Rupert (2004),“What Accounts for the Decline in Crime?”International Economic Review, 45 (3), 707-729.
Joyce, Ted (2009), “A Simple Test of Abortion and Crime,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(1), 112-123.
Kalb, Guyonne and Jenny Williams (2003), “Delinquency and Gender,” Applied Economics Letters, 10, 425-429.
Lin, Ming-Jen (2007), “Does Democracy Increase Crime? Evidence from International Data,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 35 (3), 467-483.
Lochner, Lance (2004), “Education, Work, and Crime: a Human Capital Approach,” International Economic Review, 45 (3), 811-843.
Narayan, Paresh Kumar and Russell Smyth (2004), “Crime rates, Male Youth Unemployment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests,” Applied Economics, 36, 2079-1095.
Nikolaos, Dritsakis and GkanasAlexandros (2009), “The Effect of Socio-economic Determinants on Crime Rates: An Empirical Research in the Case of Greece with Cointegration Analysis,” International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 2 (2), 51-64.
Oberwittler, Dietrich (2007), “The Effects of Neighborhood Poverty on Adolescent Problem Behaviours: A Multi-level Analysis Differentiate by Gender and Ethnicity,” Housing Study, 22 (5), 781-803.
Pampel, Fred C. and Kazuko Tanaka (1986), “Economic Development and Female Labor Participation: A Reconsideration,” Social Force, 64 (3), 599-619.
Semyonov, Moshe (1980) “The Social Context of Women’s Labor Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis,” American Journal of Sociology, 86 (3), 534-550.
Sookram, Sandra, MaukeshBasdeo, Kerry Sumesar-Rai and George Saridakis (2009), “A Time-Series Analysis of Crime in Trinidad and Tobago,” working papers retrieved from http://64.28.139.231/salises/pubs/workingpapers/20.pdf
Thomas, George, Michael P. Farrell, and Grace M. Barnes (1996), “The Effects of Single-Mother Families and Nonresident Fathers on Delinquency and Substance Abuse in Black and White Adolescents,” Journal of Marriage and Family, 58 (4), 884-894.
Witt, Robert and Ann Witte (2000), “Crime, Prison, and Female Labor Supply,” Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16 (1), 69-85.
Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. (2002), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.


網路資料:
內政部統計處 (2010)， 「 99 年離婚者按結婚年數統計」， 《內政統計通報》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/week.aspx
內政部統計處 (2011)， 「百年好合結婚狀況統計」， 《內政統計通報》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/week.aspx
內政部統計處 (2010)，「99 年縣市排序」《內政統計指標縣市排名》http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/city02.aspx
行政院主計處 (2005、2010)，「就業」，《社會統計指標年報》
行政院主計處 (2005、2010)，「公共安全」，《社會統計指標年報》
教育部統計處 (2010)， 「 15 歲以上人口教育程度」，主要統計表http://www.edu.tw/statistics/content.aspx?site_content_sn=8869
行政院勞工委員會 (2011)， 「勞動力狀況」，《性別勞動統計 100 年版》http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/00womanmenu.htm		zh_TW