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題名 賴瑞.克萊默《正常心》及《我的命運》中男同志對全景式迫害的抵抗
Gay Resistance to Panoptic Persecutions in Larry Kramer`s The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Me
作者 蔡宜珊
Tsai, Yi Shan
貢獻者 姜翠芬
Jiang, Estelle Tsui Fen
蔡宜珊
Tsai, Yi Shan
關鍵詞 賴瑞.克萊默
全景式迫害
抵抗
男同志
《正常心》及《我的命運》
Larry Kramer
gay resistance
panoptic persecutions
The Normal Heart
The Destiny of Me
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 10:53:18 (UTC+8)
摘要 男同志愛滋病患者的心理狀態一直是美國愛滋病研究的邊疆區域。大多數的國家政策多著重於此一族群的身體狀況以及疾病本身的研究。這些政策往往忽略了自我和解對於男同志愛滋病患者來說的重要性,殊不知自我和解是男同志愛滋病患者對抗全景式迫害的重要策略之一。賴瑞克萊默《正常心》及《我的命運》處處顯示對於此一策略以及國家社會對於男同志愛滋病患之迫害的關注。透過主人公奈得從愛滋鬥士到染病再到自我和解的過程,這兩齣戲劇重砲抨擊了國家社會不公,並同時點出受迫害者對抗這些不公不義的必要性。在此之下,傅科對於權力以及抗拒的討論適足為本論文的理論出發點。本論文藉助傅科的觀點來討論國家社會迫害男同志愛滋病患背後的深層因素,並進一步探討這些被迫害者中可能產生的抗拒策略。本論文分成四個部份:除了導論和結論外,第二章著重美國國家社會對於男同志愛滋病患者的歧視及壓迫,以及形成這些迫害的原因,並進一步檢視《正常心》及《我的命運》裡男同志愛滋病患者的困境。第三章討論這些被迫害者不同的反壓迫策略,以及這些策略對於男同志愛滋病患者身心的影響。
The psychological condition of the HIV-positive is always peripheral to the governmental studies of HIV/AIDS in the United States. Compared with the governmental studies, Larry Kramer`s The Normal Heart (1985) and The Destiny of Me (1992) lay more emphases on the psychological conditions and transformations of the HIV/AIDS patients. These two plays demonstrate the homophobic disciplines and regulations performed against the homosexual HIV-positives in the discourse of HIV/AIDS. In addition, through Ned Weeks`s transformation and resistance, these two plays illuminate on the lesson, self-knowledge, and self-reconciliation that empower the diseased gay men to survive in the crisis of HIV/AIDS. This thesis makes resort to the studies of Michel Foucault, particularly his concepts of anatomo-politics and biopolitics as well as his exegeses of the dynamics between the persecutor and the persecuted. Foucault`s theories are insightful in understanding the underlying homophobia behind the policies in a normalizing society. His studies envision the possibilities of resistance alongside these homophobic panoptic persecutions.
     This thesis is divided into four chapters. The second chapter examines the disciplines and regulations over the diseased homosexuals in The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Me. The third chapter focuses on the transformations of Ned from a polemicist to a reconciliationist as well as his resistance to the panoptic persecutions. The concluding chapter reconfirms that the lesson and growth of a gay HIV-positive patient rests on self-reconciliation.
參考文獻 Works Cited
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     Beaufort, John. "Review of The Normal Heart." The Christian Science Monitor. 29
      Apr. 1985: 28.
     Brandt, A.M. "AIDS: from Social History to Social Policy." AIDS: The Burdens of
      History. Ed. E. Fee and D.M. Fox. Berkeley: University of California Press.
      147-71.
     Brantley, Ben. "Raw Anguish of the Plague Years." The New York Times. 28 Apr.
     2011: C1.
     Brodsley, Laurel. "Teaching about AIDS and Plagues: A Reading List from the
     Humanities." Confronting AIDS through Literature: the Responsibilities of Representation. Ed. Judith Laurence Pastore. Chicago: Illinois UP, 1993. 197-217.
     Brustein, Robert. "The Editorial Play." The New Republic 207.24 (7 Dec. 1992):
      32-34. Rpt. in Drama Criticism. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale
      Research, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Web. 1 Sep. 2011.
     Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York:
      Routledge, 1990.
     ---. Excitable Speech: a Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge, 1997. Clum, John. Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama. New York:
      Columbia UP, 1992.
     ---. Still Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama. New York: St. Martin`s
      Press, 2000.
     Coale, Sam. "Red Noses, the Black Death, and AIDS: Cycles of Despair and Disease."
     Confronting AIDS through Literature: the Responsibilities of Representation.
     Ed. Judith Laurence Pastore. Chicago: Illinois UP, 1993. 95-102.
     Coward, Noel. Design for Living, Coward Plays: Three. London: Methuen, 1979. 72.
     Deaderick Sam and Tamara Turner. Gay Resistance: the Hidden History. Seattle: Red
      Letter Press, 1997.
     D` Emilio, John. "A Meaning for All Those Words: Sex Politics, History, and Larry
      Kramer." We Must Love One Another or Die: the Life and Legacies of Larry
      Kramer. Ed. Lawrence D. Mass. New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1997. 73-85.
     Dennis, Dion. "AIDS and the New Medical Gaze: Bio-politics, AIDS, and
      Homosexuality." Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis. Ed. Michael
      A. Hallett. New York: The Haworth Press, 1997. 169-84.
     Donovan, Mark. "The Problem with Making AIDS Comfortable: Federal Policy
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      AIDS Crisis. Ed. Michael A. Hallett. New York: The Haworth Press, 1997.
      115-44.
     Dreyfus, Hubert and Paul Rainbow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and
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     Dyar, Richard. The Matter of Images: Essays on Representation. New York:
      Routledge, 2002.
     Ehrhardt, Michael. "John Benjamin Hickey in/on The Normal Heart." The Gay &
      Lesbian Review Worldwide 18.4 (2011): 48+.
     Elbe, Stefan. "AIDS, Security, Biopolitics." Special Issue on Health, International
      Relations, 19.4 (2005): 403-19.
     ---. "HIV/AIDS: A Human Security Challenge for the 21st Century." The Whitehead
     Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 6.2 Winter/Spring
     (2006):1-21.
     ---. "HIV/AIDS: The International Security Dimensions." New Actors and New
      Issues in International Security. Ed. Elke Krahmann. London: Palgrave, 2005.
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     Hallett, Michael and David Cannella. "Gatekeeping Through Media Format:
      Strategies of Voice for the HIV-Positive via Human Interest News Formats and
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      A. Hallett. New York: The Haworth Press, 1997. 17-36.
     Johnson, Toby. "Facing the Edge: AIDS as a Source of Spiritual Wisdom."
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     Juntunen, Jacob. "Mainstream Theatre, Mass Media, and the 1985 Premiere of The
      Normal Heart: Negotiating Forces between Emergent and Dominant
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
97551015
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097551015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jiang, Estelle Tsui Fenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡宜珊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsai, Yi Shanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔡宜珊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Yi Shanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 10:53:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 10:53:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 10:53:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097551015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54367-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97551015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 男同志愛滋病患者的心理狀態一直是美國愛滋病研究的邊疆區域。大多數的國家政策多著重於此一族群的身體狀況以及疾病本身的研究。這些政策往往忽略了自我和解對於男同志愛滋病患者來說的重要性,殊不知自我和解是男同志愛滋病患者對抗全景式迫害的重要策略之一。賴瑞克萊默《正常心》及《我的命運》處處顯示對於此一策略以及國家社會對於男同志愛滋病患之迫害的關注。透過主人公奈得從愛滋鬥士到染病再到自我和解的過程,這兩齣戲劇重砲抨擊了國家社會不公,並同時點出受迫害者對抗這些不公不義的必要性。在此之下,傅科對於權力以及抗拒的討論適足為本論文的理論出發點。本論文藉助傅科的觀點來討論國家社會迫害男同志愛滋病患背後的深層因素,並進一步探討這些被迫害者中可能產生的抗拒策略。本論文分成四個部份:除了導論和結論外,第二章著重美國國家社會對於男同志愛滋病患者的歧視及壓迫,以及形成這些迫害的原因,並進一步檢視《正常心》及《我的命運》裡男同志愛滋病患者的困境。第三章討論這些被迫害者不同的反壓迫策略,以及這些策略對於男同志愛滋病患者身心的影響。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The psychological condition of the HIV-positive is always peripheral to the governmental studies of HIV/AIDS in the United States. Compared with the governmental studies, Larry Kramer`s The Normal Heart (1985) and The Destiny of Me (1992) lay more emphases on the psychological conditions and transformations of the HIV/AIDS patients. These two plays demonstrate the homophobic disciplines and regulations performed against the homosexual HIV-positives in the discourse of HIV/AIDS. In addition, through Ned Weeks`s transformation and resistance, these two plays illuminate on the lesson, self-knowledge, and self-reconciliation that empower the diseased gay men to survive in the crisis of HIV/AIDS. This thesis makes resort to the studies of Michel Foucault, particularly his concepts of anatomo-politics and biopolitics as well as his exegeses of the dynamics between the persecutor and the persecuted. Foucault`s theories are insightful in understanding the underlying homophobia behind the policies in a normalizing society. His studies envision the possibilities of resistance alongside these homophobic panoptic persecutions.
     This thesis is divided into four chapters. The second chapter examines the disciplines and regulations over the diseased homosexuals in The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Me. The third chapter focuses on the transformations of Ned from a polemicist to a reconciliationist as well as his resistance to the panoptic persecutions. The concluding chapter reconfirms that the lesson and growth of a gay HIV-positive patient rests on self-reconciliation.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgement iii
     Chinese Abstract vi
     English Abstract vii
     Chapter One: Introduction 1
     Synopses of The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Me 5
     Larry Kramer: America`s Angriest AIDS Playwright 6
     Literature Review 9
     Contribution 12
     Theoretical Framework 13
     I. Anatomo-politics, Biopolitics, and The Normalizing Society 13
     II. Strategies of Resistance and Their Relations to Power 16
     Chapter Organization 18
     Chapter Two.................................................................................................................21
     Tracking Anatomo-politics and Biopolitics in Foucauldian Works 22
     State Racism: Dangers and Its Deployments 25
     The Panoptic Persecutions in the Context of the 1980s in America 27
     The Doubly Subjugated in The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Me 30
     Conclusion 49
     Chapter Three 51
     Introduction 51
     Resistance as Counterpower 52
     Resignification as Resistance 53
     Gay Resistance to the Ubiquitous Subjugations in America 55
     Ned`s Polemical Resignification as Resistance 56
     Ned`s Self Reconciliation as Resistance 68
     Ned`s Organization-forming as Resistance 73
     Conclusion 76
     Chapter Four 79
     Works Cited 84
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097551015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 賴瑞.克萊默zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全景式迫害zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抵抗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 男同志zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《正常心》及《我的命運》zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Larry Krameren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) gay resistanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) panoptic persecutionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Normal Hearten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Destiny of Meen_US
dc.title (題名) 賴瑞.克萊默《正常心》及《我的命運》中男同志對全景式迫害的抵抗zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Gay Resistance to Panoptic Persecutions in Larry Kramer`s The Normal Heart and The Destiny of Meen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works Cited
     Barnes, Clive. "Plague, Play, and Tract." New York Post. 4 May 1985.
     Beaufort, John. "Review of The Normal Heart." The Christian Science Monitor. 29
      Apr. 1985: 28.
     Brandt, A.M. "AIDS: from Social History to Social Policy." AIDS: The Burdens of
      History. Ed. E. Fee and D.M. Fox. Berkeley: University of California Press.
      147-71.
     Brantley, Ben. "Raw Anguish of the Plague Years." The New York Times. 28 Apr.
     2011: C1.
     Brodsley, Laurel. "Teaching about AIDS and Plagues: A Reading List from the
     Humanities." Confronting AIDS through Literature: the Responsibilities of Representation. Ed. Judith Laurence Pastore. Chicago: Illinois UP, 1993. 197-217.
     Brustein, Robert. "The Editorial Play." The New Republic 207.24 (7 Dec. 1992):
      32-34. Rpt. in Drama Criticism. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale
      Research, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Web. 1 Sep. 2011.
     Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York:
      Routledge, 1990.
     ---. Excitable Speech: a Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge, 1997. Clum, John. Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama. New York:
      Columbia UP, 1992.
     ---. Still Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama. New York: St. Martin`s
      Press, 2000.
     Coale, Sam. "Red Noses, the Black Death, and AIDS: Cycles of Despair and Disease."
     Confronting AIDS through Literature: the Responsibilities of Representation.
     Ed. Judith Laurence Pastore. Chicago: Illinois UP, 1993. 95-102.
     Coward, Noel. Design for Living, Coward Plays: Three. London: Methuen, 1979. 72.
     Deaderick Sam and Tamara Turner. Gay Resistance: the Hidden History. Seattle: Red
      Letter Press, 1997.
     D` Emilio, John. "A Meaning for All Those Words: Sex Politics, History, and Larry
      Kramer." We Must Love One Another or Die: the Life and Legacies of Larry
      Kramer. Ed. Lawrence D. Mass. New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1997. 73-85.
     Dennis, Dion. "AIDS and the New Medical Gaze: Bio-politics, AIDS, and
      Homosexuality." Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis. Ed. Michael
      A. Hallett. New York: The Haworth Press, 1997. 169-84.
     Donovan, Mark. "The Problem with Making AIDS Comfortable: Federal Policy
      Making and the Rhetoric of Innocence." Activism and Marginalization in the
      AIDS Crisis. Ed. Michael A. Hallett. New York: The Haworth Press, 1997.
      115-44.
     Dreyfus, Hubert and Paul Rainbow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and
     Hermeneutics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
     Dyar, Richard. The Matter of Images: Essays on Representation. New York:
      Routledge, 2002.
     Ehrhardt, Michael. "John Benjamin Hickey in/on The Normal Heart." The Gay &
      Lesbian Review Worldwide 18.4 (2011): 48+.
     Elbe, Stefan. "AIDS, Security, Biopolitics." Special Issue on Health, International
      Relations, 19.4 (2005): 403-19.
     ---. "HIV/AIDS: A Human Security Challenge for the 21st Century." The Whitehead
     Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 6.2 Winter/Spring
     (2006):1-21.
     ---. "HIV/AIDS: The International Security Dimensions." New Actors and New
      Issues in International Security. Ed. Elke Krahmann. London: Palgrave, 2005.
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