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題名 訊息來源可信度對目標人物印象形成之影響-以道德和能力面向探討
作者 吳芬英
貢獻者 孫蒨如
吳芬英
關鍵詞 印象形成
訊息來源
可信度
動機
道德
能力
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 11:07:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去西方文獻中，多以第三者敘述方式提供受試者有關目標人物的相關訊息，探討對於目標人物的印象之看法，鮮少探討當目標人物的訊息若由他人提供時，對於目標人物印象之影響。因此本研究主要目的在探討印象形成的歷程中，由訊息來源提供目標人物的道德和能力訊息會使他人對目標人物形成何種印象。另外，由於華人相當關係主義，因此以相關他人做為訊息來源之一進行探討。
本研究為4(訊息來源者:目標人物本人、目標人物的父親、目標人物父親負訊息保證的情況和第三者)×2(訊息內容:道德和能力)×2(訊息向度:正向和負向)三因子獨立設計。結果發現受試者對於目標人物的印象與第三者所提供之內容較一致，由第三者所提供的正面訊息，受試者對於目標人物的印象、道德、能力和人際評價皆高於其他三類訊息來源。而由目標人物、目標人物的父親做為訊息來源者時，因被受試者認為在傳遞訊息時是較有動機的，受試者對目標人物的印象反而不若第三者所提供時來得好。本研究顯示個體從他人那裏接收目標人物的訊息時並非照單全收，而是會考慮到訊息來源和其背後的動機，遂而影響到對目標人物印象之形成。由此結果發現找關係親近的他人並無助於他人對我們有好印象之產生，由立場客觀公正的人來提供訊息時，才能影響到他人對我們的印象評價。
參考文獻 李美枝 (1993) 。 「從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限」。 本土心理學研究， 1，267-300。
費孝通 (1946) 。鄉土中國。上海:觀察社。
彭泗清 (1993) 。 「中國人『做人』的概念分析」。本土心理學研究，2，277-313。
楊國樞 (1992)。「中國人的社會取向:社會互動的觀點」。載於楊國樞、余安邦主編，中國人的心理與行為－理念及方法篇，87-131。台北:桂冠。
楊國樞 (2002) 。「華人心理的本土化研究」。台北:桂冠。
Abele, A. E., Petzold, P. (1998) Pragmatic use of categorical information in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 347-358.
Asch,S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. The Jornal of Abnormal and Social Psyckology, 41, 258-290.
Brandt, A. C., Vonk, R., & Knippenberg , A, V. (2009). The source effect: Person descriptions by self versus others have differential effects on impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 965-977.
Brandt, A. C., Vonk, R., & Knippenberg , A, V. (2011). Augmentation and discounting in impressions of targets described by third parties with ulterior motives. Social Cognition,29, 210-220
Carlston, D. E., & Skowronski, J. J.(1994). Savings in the relearning of trait information as evidence for spontaneous inference generation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 840-856.
De Bruin, E. N. M., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2000). What people look for in others: Influences of the perceiver and the perceived on information selection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 206-219.
Dreben, E. K., Fiske, S. T., & Hastie, R. (1979). The undependence of evaluative and item information: Impression and recall order effects in behavior-based impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1758-1768.
Dustin, D. S., & Baldwin, P. M. Redundancy in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 500-506.
Eagly, A.H., Ashmore, R.D., Makhijani, M.G., & Longo, L.C. (1991). What Is Beautiful Is Good, but . . : A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-28.
Hagiwara, S. (1975)Visual versus verbal information in impression formation. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology,32, 692-698.
Hodges, B. H. (1974) Effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,30, 378-381.
Kelley, H. H. (1950). The warm-cold variable in first impressions of persons. Journal of Personality, 18, 431-439.
Leary, M. R. (1995). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
Martijn, C., Spears, R., Van der Pligt, J., & Jakobs, E. (1992). Negativity and positivity effects in person perception and inference: Ability versus morality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 453-463.
Reeder, G. D., & Brewer, M. B. (1979). A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 86, 61-79.
Rosenbaum, M. E., & Levin, I. P. (1969). Impression as a function of sorce credibility and the polarity of information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12, 34-37.
 
Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C., & Vivekananthan, P. S. (1968). A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294.
Schlenker, B. R., & Britt, T. W.(1999). Beneficial impression management: Strategically controlling Information to help friends. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 559-573.
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (1991). Consumer Behavior, 4th ed., Prentice Hall.
Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1987). Social judgement and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 689-699.
Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
West, M. D.(1994). Validing a scale for the measurement of credibility: A covariance structure model approach. Journalism Quarterly, 71, 159-168
Wojciszke, B. (1994). Multiple meanings of behaviour: Construing actions in terms of
competence or morality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 222 -232.
Wojciszke, B. (1997). Parallels between competence- versus morality-related traits and
individualistic versus collectivistic values. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 27, 245- 256.
Wojciszke, B. (2005). Affective concomitants of information on morality and competence. European Psychologist, 10, 60- 70.
Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R., & Jaworski, M. (1998a). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1245 -1257.
Wojciszke, B., Brycz, H., & Borkenau, P. (1993). Effects of information content and evaluative extremity on positivity and negativity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 327-336.
Ybarra, O. (2001). When first impressions don’t last: The role of isolation and adaptation processes in the revision of evaluative impressions. Social Cognition, 19 , 491-520
Zaltman, G., & Wallendorf, M. (1983). Consumer Behavior: Basic finding and management implication, John Wiley & Sons.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
97752013
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097752013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 孫蒨如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳芬英zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 吳芬英zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 11:07:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 11:07:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 11:07:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097752013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54457-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97752013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去西方文獻中，多以第三者敘述方式提供受試者有關目標人物的相關訊息，探討對於目標人物的印象之看法，鮮少探討當目標人物的訊息若由他人提供時，對於目標人物印象之影響。因此本研究主要目的在探討印象形成的歷程中，由訊息來源提供目標人物的道德和能力訊息會使他人對目標人物形成何種印象。另外，由於華人相當關係主義，因此以相關他人做為訊息來源之一進行探討。
本研究為4(訊息來源者:目標人物本人、目標人物的父親、目標人物父親負訊息保證的情況和第三者)×2(訊息內容:道德和能力)×2(訊息向度:正向和負向)三因子獨立設計。結果發現受試者對於目標人物的印象與第三者所提供之內容較一致，由第三者所提供的正面訊息，受試者對於目標人物的印象、道德、能力和人際評價皆高於其他三類訊息來源。而由目標人物、目標人物的父親做為訊息來源者時，因被受試者認為在傳遞訊息時是較有動機的，受試者對目標人物的印象反而不若第三者所提供時來得好。本研究顯示個體從他人那裏接收目標人物的訊息時並非照單全收，而是會考慮到訊息來源和其背後的動機，遂而影響到對目標人物印象之形成。由此結果發現找關係親近的他人並無助於他人對我們有好印象之產生，由立場客觀公正的人來提供訊息時，才能影響到他人對我們的印象評價。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機與目的＿ 1
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 印象形成 3
第二節 訊息來源者 5
第三節 華人關係 12
第四節 印象形成的訊息面向 14
第五節 本研究想法 19
第三章 預試 23
第一節 預試一 23
第二節 預試二 24
第三節 預試三 26
第四節 預試四 28
第四章 本研究方法與結果 32
第一節 研究目的與假設 32
第二節 研究方法 34
第三節 研究結果 38
第一階段結果分析 38
第一階段實驗結果小結 56
第二階段結果分析 58
第二階段實驗結果小結 68
第五章 討論 69
本研究結果與貢獻 69
研究限制與建議 74
參考文獻 78
附錄 82		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097752013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印象形成zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 訊息來源zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可信度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 道德zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能力zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 訊息來源可信度對目標人物印象形成之影響-以道德和能力面向探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝 (1993) 。 「從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限」。 本土心理學研究， 1，267-300。
費孝通 (1946) 。鄉土中國。上海:觀察社。
彭泗清 (1993) 。 「中國人『做人』的概念分析」。本土心理學研究，2，277-313。
楊國樞 (1992)。「中國人的社會取向:社會互動的觀點」。載於楊國樞、余安邦主編，中國人的心理與行為－理念及方法篇，87-131。台北:桂冠。
楊國樞 (2002) 。「華人心理的本土化研究」。台北:桂冠。
Abele, A. E., Petzold, P. (1998) Pragmatic use of categorical information in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 347-358.
Asch,S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. The Jornal of Abnormal and Social Psyckology, 41, 258-290.
Brandt, A. C., Vonk, R., & Knippenberg , A, V. (2009). The source effect: Person descriptions by self versus others have differential effects on impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 965-977.
Brandt, A. C., Vonk, R., & Knippenberg , A, V. (2011). Augmentation and discounting in impressions of targets described by third parties with ulterior motives. Social Cognition,29, 210-220
Carlston, D. E., & Skowronski, J. J.(1994). Savings in the relearning of trait information as evidence for spontaneous inference generation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 840-856.
De Bruin, E. N. M., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2000). What people look for in others: Influences of the perceiver and the perceived on information selection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 206-219.
Dreben, E. K., Fiske, S. T., & Hastie, R. (1979). The undependence of evaluative and item information: Impression and recall order effects in behavior-based impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1758-1768.
Dustin, D. S., & Baldwin, P. M. Redundancy in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 500-506.
Eagly, A.H., Ashmore, R.D., Makhijani, M.G., & Longo, L.C. (1991). What Is Beautiful Is Good, but . . : A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-28.
Hagiwara, S. (1975)Visual versus verbal information in impression formation. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology,32, 692-698.
Hodges, B. H. (1974) Effect of valence on relative weighting in impression formation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,30, 378-381.
Kelley, H. H. (1950). The warm-cold variable in first impressions of persons. Journal of Personality, 18, 431-439.
Leary, M. R. (1995). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
Martijn, C., Spears, R., Van der Pligt, J., & Jakobs, E. (1992). Negativity and positivity effects in person perception and inference: Ability versus morality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 453-463.
Reeder, G. D., & Brewer, M. B. (1979). A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 86, 61-79.
Rosenbaum, M. E., & Levin, I. P. (1969). Impression as a function of sorce credibility and the polarity of information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12, 34-37.
 
Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C., & Vivekananthan, P. S. (1968). A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294.
Schlenker, B. R., & Britt, T. W.(1999). Beneficial impression management: Strategically controlling Information to help friends. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 559-573.
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (1991). Consumer Behavior, 4th ed., Prentice Hall.
Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1987). Social judgement and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 689-699.
Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
West, M. D.(1994). Validing a scale for the measurement of credibility: A covariance structure model approach. Journalism Quarterly, 71, 159-168
Wojciszke, B. (1994). Multiple meanings of behaviour: Construing actions in terms of
competence or morality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 222 -232.
Wojciszke, B. (1997). Parallels between competence- versus morality-related traits and
individualistic versus collectivistic values. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 27, 245- 256.
Wojciszke, B. (2005). Affective concomitants of information on morality and competence. European Psychologist, 10, 60- 70.
Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R., & Jaworski, M. (1998a). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1245 -1257.
Wojciszke, B., Brycz, H., & Borkenau, P. (1993). Effects of information content and evaluative extremity on positivity and negativity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 327-336.
Ybarra, O. (2001). When first impressions don’t last: The role of isolation and adaptation processes in the revision of evaluative impressions. Social Cognition, 19 , 491-520
Zaltman, G., & Wallendorf, M. (1983). Consumer Behavior: Basic finding and management implication, John Wiley & Sons.		zh_TW