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題名 銀行住宅擔保品鑑估價格與契約價格之關係
The relationship between the contract price and the estimated price of residential collateral by financial institutions作者 丁嘉言
Ting, Chia Yen貢獻者 張金鶚<br>江穎慧
Chang, Chin Oh<br>Chiang, Ying Hui
丁嘉言
Ting, Chia Yen關鍵詞 銀行擔保品估價
logistic迴歸模型
機率界限
Financial institution collateral valuation
Logistic regression model
Cutoff point日期 2011 上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 14:03:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 銀行在面對借款人以不動產申請抵押貸款時,產生對住宅擔保品估價之需求,以為債權之確保。然銀行的估價過程與一般估價最大不同,肇因於其估價前,擔保品本身已先產生一組買賣契約價格。過去研究指出,估價會嘗試以某些較易取得的價格資訊作為定錨點(anchor),藉以調整並成為最後的價格。而我國不動產交易價格資訊不透明,契約價格往往由借款人提供的情況下,銀行內部估價人員可能因資訊不易取得、定錨效果,在擔保品的鑑估結果上受到契約價格影響,倘有心人士欲藉此獲得高額貸款、牟取不法利益,將損及銀行債權,即使採用自動估價系統降低人為影響因素,因資料來源不佳,只會產生所謂「garbage in garbage out」的結果。據此,如何分辨契約價格是否具有參考力變成為關鍵,亦為本文欲補足的研究缺口。 本文採用國內某銀行臺北市不動產擔保品8,348筆估價資料為樣本,建立以挑選契約價格是否具有參考力的機率預測模型,尋求影響能判定契約價格是否具有參考力的主要因素,並研究在最適的機率界限下,篩選出具有參考力的契約價格樣本。而研究結果所建立的模型,其預測並篩選出的契約價格樣本均較未經模型篩選者,對擔保品價格之估計有顯著提升。因此本研究所建立的契約價格篩選模型確能提升銀行估價準確性,使不動產擔保品鑑估價格的形成過程中,獲得更多可靠的參考資訊,降低人為操縱的空間,並在成交價格資訊不足的情況下,提升估價人員對契約價格的辨識能力。
In the face of the borrower to apply for a mortgage of real estate, financial institutions have estimated the price of the collateral requirements to protect the debt claim. However, the biggest difference with the general valuation and that of financial institutions, valuation of its causes before the collateral itself has produced a first sale contract price. In the past research that one attempts to estimate the price of some greater access to information act to anchor in order to adjust and become the final price. Because financial institutions are not easy to obtain price information on real estate transactions in Taiwan, price information is often provided by the borrower. A small number of loans borrower deliberate fraud to forgery or false irrigation Contract price sale and purchase agreement in order to obtain high credit. Even with the automatic valuation system to reduce the human impact factor, due to poor data sources, it will only produce so-called "garbage in garbage out" of the results. Accordingly, how to tell whether the contract price to a reference force becomes critical, and also in this article want to complement the research gap. We adopt 8,348 estate collateral valuation data in Taipei City of a domestic bank for the sample to establish a binary logistic regression model. And we try to seek the main factors that determine whether the contract price of the reference force, and find out the optimal cutoff point, filter out of a sample of the contract price of the reference force. The results confirm the model in this paper. The selected samples of the contract price is estimated that the price of collateral significantly improved compared with those without filtering. Therefore, the model established in this study can really improve the accuracy of bank valuation. 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T., 2006 “Alternative Theories of Appraisal Bias”, Journal of Real Estate Literature, 14 (3): 341-344。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
97257021
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097257021 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 張金鶚<br>江穎慧 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Chin Oh<br>Chiang, Ying Hui en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 丁嘉言 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ting, Chia Yen en_US dc.creator (作者) 丁嘉言 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ting, Chia Yen en_US dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 14:03:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 14:03:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 14:03:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097257021 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54874 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 97257021 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 銀行在面對借款人以不動產申請抵押貸款時,產生對住宅擔保品估價之需求,以為債權之確保。然銀行的估價過程與一般估價最大不同,肇因於其估價前,擔保品本身已先產生一組買賣契約價格。過去研究指出,估價會嘗試以某些較易取得的價格資訊作為定錨點(anchor),藉以調整並成為最後的價格。而我國不動產交易價格資訊不透明,契約價格往往由借款人提供的情況下,銀行內部估價人員可能因資訊不易取得、定錨效果,在擔保品的鑑估結果上受到契約價格影響,倘有心人士欲藉此獲得高額貸款、牟取不法利益,將損及銀行債權,即使採用自動估價系統降低人為影響因素,因資料來源不佳,只會產生所謂「garbage in garbage out」的結果。據此,如何分辨契約價格是否具有參考力變成為關鍵,亦為本文欲補足的研究缺口。 本文採用國內某銀行臺北市不動產擔保品8,348筆估價資料為樣本,建立以挑選契約價格是否具有參考力的機率預測模型,尋求影響能判定契約價格是否具有參考力的主要因素,並研究在最適的機率界限下,篩選出具有參考力的契約價格樣本。而研究結果所建立的模型,其預測並篩選出的契約價格樣本均較未經模型篩選者,對擔保品價格之估計有顯著提升。因此本研究所建立的契約價格篩選模型確能提升銀行估價準確性,使不動產擔保品鑑估價格的形成過程中,獲得更多可靠的參考資訊,降低人為操縱的空間,並在成交價格資訊不足的情況下,提升估價人員對契約價格的辨識能力。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the face of the borrower to apply for a mortgage of real estate, financial institutions have estimated the price of the collateral requirements to protect the debt claim. However, the biggest difference with the general valuation and that of financial institutions, valuation of its causes before the collateral itself has produced a first sale contract price. In the past research that one attempts to estimate the price of some greater access to information act to anchor in order to adjust and become the final price. Because financial institutions are not easy to obtain price information on real estate transactions in Taiwan, price information is often provided by the borrower. A small number of loans borrower deliberate fraud to forgery or false irrigation Contract price sale and purchase agreement in order to obtain high credit. Even with the automatic valuation system to reduce the human impact factor, due to poor data sources, it will only produce so-called "garbage in garbage out" of the results. Accordingly, how to tell whether the contract price to a reference force becomes critical, and also in this article want to complement the research gap. We adopt 8,348 estate collateral valuation data in Taipei City of a domestic bank for the sample to establish a binary logistic regression model. And we try to seek the main factors that determine whether the contract price of the reference force, and find out the optimal cutoff point, filter out of a sample of the contract price of the reference force. The results confirm the model in this paper. The selected samples of the contract price is estimated that the price of collateral significantly improved compared with those without filtering. Therefore, the model established in this study can really improve the accuracy of bank valuation. Enhance the recognition ability of the bank`s internal appraisers on the contract price in the lack of transaction price information. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 I圖目錄 III表目錄 III第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機、問題與目的 1一、 研究動機 1二、 研究問題與研究目的 3第二節 研究方法、範圍與限制 4一、 研究方法 4二、 研究範圍 4三、 研究限制 4第三節 研究架構與流程 5一、 研究架構 5二、 研究流程 6第二章 文獻回顧 7第一節 估價行為與客戶關係 9第二節 估值差異的研究 11第三節 估價的定錨效應 13第四節 小結 14第三章 研究設計與樣本資料分析 15第一節 研究設計 15第二節 模型架構 16第三節 模型適合度判斷(Goodness of fit) 18一、 概似比檢定(Likelihood Ratio Test) 18二、 訊息量測指標(Information Measures) 19三、 分類表(Classification Table) 20第四節 資料說明 21一、 資料來源 21二、 敘述統計與樣本交叉分析 21第四章 實證分析 24第一節 變數選取 24第二節 Logistic實證模型分析 30一、 二項logistic迴歸模型之建立 30二、 模型適合度分析 33三、 模型預測準確度分析 34第三節 估價模型實證分析 39第五章 結論與建議 48第一節 結論 48第二節 建議 50參考文獻 51 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097257021 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 銀行擔保品估價 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) logistic迴歸模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 機率界限 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial institution collateral valuation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Logistic regression model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cutoff point en_US dc.title (題名) 銀行住宅擔保品鑑估價格與契約價格之關係 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The relationship between the contract price and the estimated price of residential collateral by financial institutions en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台灣金融研訓院,1999,「銀行授信實務法規輯要」,初版。王濟川、郭志剛,2008,「Logistic迴歸模型-方法及應用」,五南書局,二版。江穎慧,2009,「不動產估價人員系統行為偏誤檢驗─以市場比較法為例」,土地經濟年刊第20期:63-89。汪駿旭,2005,「不動產估價人員受客戶影響之研究」,國立政治大學地政學系,碩士論文。林子欽、柯光峻,2010,「法拍屋拍定價格對於再轉售價格之定錨效果」,台灣土地研究,13(1):53-68。林秋瑾、楊宗憲、張金鶚,1996,「住宅價格指數之研究-以台北市為例」,住宅學報,4:1-30。林祖嘉,1992,「台灣地區房租與房價關係之研究」,台灣銀行季刊,43(1):279-312。林祖嘉、馬毓駿,2007,「特徵方程式大量估價法在台灣不動產市場之應用」,住宅學報,16(2):1-22。李月華,1997,「臺北市住宅區成屋交易價格影響因素之研究」,崇右學報,6:130-142。李泓見、張金鶚、花敬群,2006,「台北都會區不同住宅類型價差之研究」,台灣土地研究,9(1):63-87。李桐豪、呂美慧,2000,「銀行房貸客戶授信評量模式分析─Logistic迴歸之應用」,台灣金融財務季刊,1(1):1-20。沈中華、林公韻,2005,「違約機率預測與極端值」,財務金融學刊,13(3)。邱奕達,1998,「可及性與繁榮度對房屋現值評定影響之研究-以臺北市為例」,國立中興大學都市計劃研究所,碩士論文。周建新、于鴻福、陳進財,2004,「銀行業房貸授信風險評估因素之選擇」,中華管理評論,7(2):77-102。洪鴻智、張能政,2006,「不動產估價人員之價值探索過程:估價程序與參考點的選擇」,建築與規劃學報,7(1):71-90。許景德,2005,「銀行不動產抵押估價問題之探討」,土地問題研究季刊,104-109。馬君梅,2003,「財報分析應用於信用風險的發展趨勢」,會計研究月刊,214,84-94。彭建文,2004,「台灣出租住宅市場與自有住宅市場價格調整關係之研究」,都市與計劃,31(4):391-412。游適銘,2010,「不動產估價最終估值之形成─權重模式、估值差異與市場景氣之影響」,國立政治大學地政研究所,博士論文。陳彥仲、林國民,1998,「臺灣都市住宅屬性隱含需求分析-以高雄市為例」,成功大學學報,33(人文.社會篇) :303-320。陳奉瑤,2003,「土地公告現值與交易價格關係之研究」,土地經濟年刊,14:1-24。陳奉瑤、楊依蓁,2007,「個別估價與大量估價之準確性分析」,住宅學報,16(2):67-84。陳覺惠,2000,「集合住宅與其適用公共設施類型對應關係研究:以台中市為例」,行政院國家科學委員會委託計畫。黃麗燕,2008,「資訊不對稱下不動產抵押貸款擔保品估價行為之研究」,國立成功大學都市計劃研究所,碩士論文。張怡文、江穎慧、張金鶚,2009,「分量迴歸在大量估價模型之應用-非典型住宅估價之改進」,都市與計劃,36(3):281-304。張秀珍,2009,「臺灣銀行產業借貸行為資訊不對稱之研究」,國立高雄第一科技大學管理研究所,博士論文。張金鶚、江百信,1995,「我國購屋貸款放款條件之研究」,住宅學報,3:1-20。張金鶚、劉秀玲,1993,「房地產品質、價格與消費者物價指數之探討」,國立政治大學學報,67:369-400。楊顯爵、林左裕、陳宗豪,2008,「住宅抵押貸款違約之研究—影響因素之顯著性分析」,台灣土地研究,11(2):1-36。廖君倬,1999,「台中市"超大坪數"住宅大樓案例與單元特性初探」,東海大學建築學系研究所,碩士論文。廖仲仁,1994,「機場噪音對住宅價格之影響:以臺北松山機場附近住宅為例」,國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所,碩士論文。蘇文賢,2000,「應用大量估價法進行公告土地現值評估之研究」,國立政治大學,碩士論文。蔡大鐘,2002,「購置住宅與房屋修繕貸款逾期還款之實證研究」,雲林科技大學,財務金融系,碩士論文。盧如珍,2003,「土地建物鑑價對房屋貸款違約風險之研究」,國立高雄第一科技大學,財務管理所,碩士論文。賴怡君,2003,「定錨效果內在機制之探討--無意識層次與意識層次的定錨效果」,國立政治大學心理學系研究所,碩士論文。龔永香、江穎慧、張金鶚,2007,「客觀標準化不動產估價之可行性分析-市場比較法應用於大量估價」,住宅學報,16(2):23-42。Aycock, S., 2000, 「The Impact of Fairness, Reference Point, and Human Decision Processing on Negotiation」, Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 54(2): 76-81。Belsley, D. 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