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題名 出口與研發創新對中小企業成長之影響 -以台灣電子產業為例
The impact of export and innovation on SMEs` growth - take Taiwan`s electronic industry for example
作者 詹承儒
貢獻者 譚丹琪
詹承儒
關鍵詞 中小企業成長
出口
研發創新
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 14:20:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 中小企業是台灣企業的主體，對於經濟發展扮演著重要的角色，而過去關於中小企業成長的研究主題相當多元，影響成長的因子亦相當多，但並無具體一致的結論。本研究嘗試以出口策略與研發策略做為影響中小企業成長的主要原因，並一併探討兩策略間的關係。
     
      本研究以台灣上市公司之電子產業為研究對象，利用台灣經濟新報資料庫篩選出371家電子產業公司，其中符合本研究所設定之中小企業標準者共127家，以此127家2007年至2010年之資料做為研究樣本的範圍，並以各企業出口外銷比率、研發密集度做為判斷是否採取出口策略或研發創新策略的標準，探討其對於中小企業獲利成長率（以ROE成長率及ROA成長率衡量）的關係。
     
      研究結果發現，採取出口策略對於中小企業獲利成長率並無明顯的影響；採取研發創新策略則對於中小企業獲利成長有顯著正面的影響；另外，同時採行兩策略對企業獲利也無明顯互補或替代的關係。
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the main structural form of most companies in Taiwan and they play an important role in a whole to the development of the economy in Taiwan. Many past researches focus on factors affecting the growth of SMEs, but despite being informative, these researches are unstructured as in considering Taiwan’s business environment and often without specific conclusion of an overview picture in the reasoning of growth.
     
      Therefore, this study sought to explore the influence of export and R&D strategy on affecting the growth of SMEs. Furthermore, this study put a particular focus on
     unearthing the difference between these two strategies in company development.
     
      Using a qualitative methodology, the study presents data from TEJ(Taiwan Economic Journal database)selecting 127 electronic industrial companies out of a total of 371 as the representatives of growing enterprises. Out of these 127 samples, raw data of export ratio and R&D intensity was collected between the period 2007-2010 to determine the relationship of the strategies with the different standard of earnings growth rate for SMEs (ROE growth rate and ROA growth rate measurement).
     
      The results showed that the implement of export strategies has no significant impact on the growth of SME. However R & D and innovation strategy has significant positive influences on profit growth for SMEs; And as for those that implement both strategies at the same time, there are no significant complement or substitute relationship in regards with its profits.
參考文獻 Abernathy, W. J., & Utterback, J. M. (1988). Innovation over time and in historical context. Readings in the Management of Innovation. New York: Harper Business.
     
     Alvarez, R., & Robertson, R. (2004). Exposure to foreign markets and plant-level innovation: evidence from Chile and Mexico. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 13(1), 57-87.
     
     Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy: An analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion: McGraw-Hill New York.
     
     Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J., & Almeida, J. G. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 909-924.
     
     Aw, B. Y., & Batra, G. (1998). Technology, exports and firm efficiency in Taiwanese manufacturing. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 7(2), 93-113.
     
     Becchetti, L., & Trovato, G. (2002). The determinants of growth for small and medium sized firms. The role of the availability of external finance. Small Business Economics, 19(4), 291-306.
     
     Bernard, A. B., & Bradford Jensen, J. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both? Journal of international economics, 47(1), 1-25.
     
     Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2007). Firms in international trade: National Bureau of Economic Research.
     
     Braymen, C., Briggs, K., & Boulware, J. (2010). R&D and the export decision of new firms. Southern Economic Journal, Forthcoming.
     
     Bughin, J. (1996). Capacity constraints and export performance: theory and evidence from Belgian manufacturing. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 187-204.
     
     Cho, H. J., & Pucik, V. (2005). Relationship between innovativeness, quality, growth, profitability, and market value. Strategic management journal, 26(6), 555-575.
     
     Clerides, S. K., Lach, S., & Tybout, J. R. (1998). Is learning by exporting important? Micro-dynamic evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 903-947.
     
     Cohen, W. M., & Klepper, S. (1996). Firm size and the nature of innovation within industries: the case of process and product R&D. The review of Economics and Statistics, 232-243.
     
     Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 128-152.
     
     Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). The relationship between types of innovation and organizational performance. Journal of Management Studies, 26(6), 587-602.
     
     Delmar, F., Davidsson, P., & Gartner, W. B. (2003). Arriving at the high-growth firm. Journal of business venturing, 18(2), 189-216.
     
     Ebben, J. J., & Johnson, A. C. (2005). Efficiency, flexibility, or both? Evidence linking strategy to performance in small firms. Strategic management journal, 26(13), 1249-1259.
     
     Eriksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D. D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalization process. Journal of International Business Studies, 337-360.
     
     Filatotchev, I., & Piesse, J. (2009). R&D, internationalization and growth of newly listed firms: European evidence. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(8), 1260-1276.
     
     Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1983). The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates. American Sociological Review, 692-710.
     
     Gemser, G., & Wijnberg, N. M. (1995). Horizontal networks, appropriability conditions and industry life cycles. Journal of Industry Studies, 2(2), 129-140.
     
     Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B. (2006). New venture growth: A review and extension. Journal of Management, 32(6), 926-950.
     
     Golovko, E., & Valentini, G. (2011). . Journal of International Business Studies. doi: 10.1057/jibs.2011.2
     
     Grant, R. M., Jammine, A. P., & Thomas, H. (1988). Diversity, diversification, and profitability among British manufacturing companies, 1972-84. Academy of Management Journal, 771-801.
     
     Guan, J., & Ma, N. (2003). Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms. Technovation, 23(9), 737-747.
     
     Hall, B. H. (1988). The relationship between firm size and firm growth in the US manufacturing sector: National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
     
     Hoffman, K., Parejo, M., Bessant, J., & Perren, L. (1998). Small firms, R&D, technology and innovation in the UK: a literature review. Technovation, 18(1), 39-55.
     
     Iacovone, L., & Javorcik, B. (2008). Shipping good tequila out: Investment, domestic unit values and entry of multi-product plants into export markets. Unpublished manuscript.
     
     Kogut, B. (1985). Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value-added chains. Sloan Management Review, 26(4), 15-28.
     
     Kleinschmidt, E. J., & Cooper, R. G. (1991). The impact of product innovativeness on performance. Journal of product innovation management, 8(4), 240-251.
     
     Lu, J. W., & Beamish, P. W. (2001). The internationalization and performance of SMEs. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 565-586.
     
     McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (1996). New venture internationalization, strategic change, and performance: A follow-up study. Journal of business venturing, 11(1), 23-40.
     
     McGuinness, N. W., & Little, B. (1981). The influence of product characteristics on the export performance of new industrial products. The Journal of Marketing, 110-122.
     
     Mowery, D., & Rosenberg, N. (1979). The influence of market demand upon innovation: a critical review of some recent empirical studies. Research Policy, 8(2), 102-153.
     
     Myles Shaver, J. (2011). The benefits of geographic sales diversification: How exporting facilitates capital investment. Strategic management journal, 32(10), 1046-1060.
     
     Oakey, R. P., Rothwell, R., Cooper, S., & Oakey, R. (1988). The management of innovation in high-technology small firms: innovation and regional development in Britain and the United States: Pinter London.
     
     Oerlemans, L. A. G., Meeus, M. T. H., & Boekema, F. W. M. (1998). Do networks matter for innovation? The usefulness of the economic network approach in analysing innovation. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 89(3), 298-309.
     
     Powell, W. W. (1998). Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networksin the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: Wiley Online Library.
     
     Rangone, A. (1999). A resource-based approach to strategy analysis in small-medium sized enterprises. Small Business Economics, 12(3), 233-248.
     
     Robson, P. J. A., & Bennett, R. J. (2000). SME growth: the relationship with business advice and external collaboration. Small Business Economics, 15(3), 193-208.
     
     Roper, S., & Love, J. H. (2002). Innovation and export performance: evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants. Research Policy, 31(7), 1087-1102.
     
     Salomon, R. M., & Shaver, J. M. (2005). Learning by exporting: new insights from examining firm innovation. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 14(2), 431-460.
     
     Sapienza, H. J., Autio, E., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2006). A capabilities perspective on the effects of early internationalization on firm survival and growth. The Academy of Management Review ARCHIVE, 31(4), 914-933.
     
     Shrader, R. C., Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2000). How new ventures exploit trade-offs among international risk factors: Lessons for the accelerated internationization of the 21st century. Academy of Management Journal, 1227-1247.
     
     Siegel, R., Siegel, E., & Macmillan, I. C. (1993). Characteristics distinguishing high-growth ventures. Journal of business venturing, 8(2), 169-180.
     
     Subramanian, A., & Nilakanta, S. (1996). Organizational innovativeness: exploring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance. Omega, 24(6), 631-647.
     
     Urabe, K., Child, J., & Kagono, T. (1988). Innovation and management: International comparisons (Vol. 13): Walter de Gruyter.
     
     Veugelers, R., & Cassiman, B. (1999). Make and buy in innovation strategies: evidence from Belgian manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 28(1), 63-80.
     
     Woodcock, C. P., Beamish, P. W., & Makino, S. (1994). Ownership-based entry mode strategies and international performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 253-273.
     
     Yasuda, T. (2005). Firm growth, size, age and behavior in Japanese manufacturing. Small Business Economics, 24(1), 1-15.
     
     Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C., & Davies, J. R. (1989). International market entry and development: strategies and management: Harvester Wheatsheaf Hemel Hempstead.
     
     Zahra, S. A., & Covin, J. G. (1994). Domestic and international competitive focus, technology strategy and company performance: an empirical analysis. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 6(1), 39-54.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
99351017
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0993510171
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 譚丹琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 詹承儒zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 詹承儒zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 14:20:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 14:20:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 14:20:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0993510171en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54904-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99351017zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中小企業是台灣企業的主體，對於經濟發展扮演著重要的角色，而過去關於中小企業成長的研究主題相當多元，影響成長的因子亦相當多，但並無具體一致的結論。本研究嘗試以出口策略與研發策略做為影響中小企業成長的主要原因，並一併探討兩策略間的關係。
     
      本研究以台灣上市公司之電子產業為研究對象，利用台灣經濟新報資料庫篩選出371家電子產業公司，其中符合本研究所設定之中小企業標準者共127家，以此127家2007年至2010年之資料做為研究樣本的範圍，並以各企業出口外銷比率、研發密集度做為判斷是否採取出口策略或研發創新策略的標準，探討其對於中小企業獲利成長率（以ROE成長率及ROA成長率衡量）的關係。
     
      研究結果發現，採取出口策略對於中小企業獲利成長率並無明顯的影響；採取研發創新策略則對於中小企業獲利成長有顯著正面的影響；另外，同時採行兩策略對企業獲利也無明顯互補或替代的關係。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the main structural form of most companies in Taiwan and they play an important role in a whole to the development of the economy in Taiwan. Many past researches focus on factors affecting the growth of SMEs, but despite being informative, these researches are unstructured as in considering Taiwan’s business environment and often without specific conclusion of an overview picture in the reasoning of growth.
     
      Therefore, this study sought to explore the influence of export and R&D strategy on affecting the growth of SMEs. Furthermore, this study put a particular focus on
     unearthing the difference between these two strategies in company development.
     
      Using a qualitative methodology, the study presents data from TEJ(Taiwan Economic Journal database)selecting 127 electronic industrial companies out of a total of 371 as the representatives of growing enterprises. Out of these 127 samples, raw data of export ratio and R&D intensity was collected between the period 2007-2010 to determine the relationship of the strategies with the different standard of earnings growth rate for SMEs (ROE growth rate and ROA growth rate measurement).
     
      The results showed that the implement of export strategies has no significant impact on the growth of SME. However R & D and innovation strategy has significant positive influences on profit growth for SMEs; And as for those that implement both strategies at the same time, there are no significant complement or substitute relationship in regards with its profits.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 6
     第一節 研究背景動機 6
     第二節 研究問題 8
     第三節 研究範圍與流程 9
     第二章 文獻探討 10
     第一節 中小企業成長相關研究理論 11
     第二節 出口策略對中小企業營收的關係 13
     第三節 研發創新策略對中小企業營收的關係 15
     第四節 出口策略與研發創新策略--兩策略間的關係 17
     第五節 小結 20
     第三章 研究設計 21
     第一節 研究假設 22
     第二節 研究模型與方法 27
     第三節 變數定義與衡量 29
     第四章 研究結果與分析 33
     第一節 樣本描述 33
     第二節 實證結果分析 40
     第五章 結論與建議 46
     第一節 研究結論 46
     第二節 管理意涵 48
     第三節 研究限制及後續研究方向 50
     參考文獻 51		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0993510171en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小企業成長zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 出口zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發創新zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 出口與研發創新對中小企業成長之影響 -以台灣電子產業為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The impact of export and innovation on SMEs` growth - take Taiwan`s electronic industry for exampleen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abernathy, W. J., & Utterback, J. M. (1988). Innovation over time and in historical context. Readings in the Management of Innovation. New York: Harper Business.
     
     Alvarez, R., & Robertson, R. (2004). Exposure to foreign markets and plant-level innovation: evidence from Chile and Mexico. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 13(1), 57-87.
     
     Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy: An analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion: McGraw-Hill New York.
     
     Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J., & Almeida, J. G. (2000). Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth. Academy of Management Journal, 909-924.
     
     Aw, B. Y., & Batra, G. (1998). Technology, exports and firm efficiency in Taiwanese manufacturing. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 7(2), 93-113.
     
     Becchetti, L., & Trovato, G. (2002). The determinants of growth for small and medium sized firms. The role of the availability of external finance. Small Business Economics, 19(4), 291-306.
     
     Bernard, A. B., & Bradford Jensen, J. (1999). Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both? Journal of international economics, 47(1), 1-25.
     
     Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2007). Firms in international trade: National Bureau of Economic Research.
     
     Braymen, C., Briggs, K., & Boulware, J. (2010). R&D and the export decision of new firms. Southern Economic Journal, Forthcoming.
     
     Bughin, J. (1996). Capacity constraints and export performance: theory and evidence from Belgian manufacturing. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 187-204.
     
     Cho, H. J., & Pucik, V. (2005). Relationship between innovativeness, quality, growth, profitability, and market value. Strategic management journal, 26(6), 555-575.
     
     Clerides, S. K., Lach, S., & Tybout, J. R. (1998). Is learning by exporting important? Micro-dynamic evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 903-947.
     
     Cohen, W. M., & Klepper, S. (1996). Firm size and the nature of innovation within industries: the case of process and product R&D. The review of Economics and Statistics, 232-243.
     
     Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 128-152.
     
     Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). The relationship between types of innovation and organizational performance. Journal of Management Studies, 26(6), 587-602.
     
     Delmar, F., Davidsson, P., & Gartner, W. B. (2003). Arriving at the high-growth firm. Journal of business venturing, 18(2), 189-216.
     
     Ebben, J. J., & Johnson, A. C. (2005). Efficiency, flexibility, or both? Evidence linking strategy to performance in small firms. Strategic management journal, 26(13), 1249-1259.
     
     Eriksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D. D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalization process. Journal of International Business Studies, 337-360.
     
     Filatotchev, I., & Piesse, J. (2009). R&D, internationalization and growth of newly listed firms: European evidence. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(8), 1260-1276.
     
     Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1983). The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates. American Sociological Review, 692-710.
     
     Gemser, G., & Wijnberg, N. M. (1995). Horizontal networks, appropriability conditions and industry life cycles. Journal of Industry Studies, 2(2), 129-140.
     
     Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B. (2006). New venture growth: A review and extension. Journal of Management, 32(6), 926-950.
     
     Golovko, E., & Valentini, G. (2011). . Journal of International Business Studies. doi: 10.1057/jibs.2011.2
     
     Grant, R. M., Jammine, A. P., & Thomas, H. (1988). Diversity, diversification, and profitability among British manufacturing companies, 1972-84. Academy of Management Journal, 771-801.
     
     Guan, J., & Ma, N. (2003). Innovative capability and export performance of Chinese firms. Technovation, 23(9), 737-747.
     
     Hall, B. H. (1988). The relationship between firm size and firm growth in the US manufacturing sector: National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
     
     Hoffman, K., Parejo, M., Bessant, J., & Perren, L. (1998). Small firms, R&D, technology and innovation in the UK: a literature review. Technovation, 18(1), 39-55.
     
     Iacovone, L., & Javorcik, B. (2008). Shipping good tequila out: Investment, domestic unit values and entry of multi-product plants into export markets. Unpublished manuscript.
     
     Kogut, B. (1985). Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value-added chains. Sloan Management Review, 26(4), 15-28.
     
     Kleinschmidt, E. J., & Cooper, R. G. (1991). The impact of product innovativeness on performance. Journal of product innovation management, 8(4), 240-251.
     
     Lu, J. W., & Beamish, P. W. (2001). The internationalization and performance of SMEs. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 565-586.
     
     McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (1996). New venture internationalization, strategic change, and performance: A follow-up study. Journal of business venturing, 11(1), 23-40.
     
     McGuinness, N. W., & Little, B. (1981). The influence of product characteristics on the export performance of new industrial products. The Journal of Marketing, 110-122.
     
     Mowery, D., & Rosenberg, N. (1979). The influence of market demand upon innovation: a critical review of some recent empirical studies. Research Policy, 8(2), 102-153.
     
     Myles Shaver, J. (2011). The benefits of geographic sales diversification: How exporting facilitates capital investment. Strategic management journal, 32(10), 1046-1060.
     
     Oakey, R. P., Rothwell, R., Cooper, S., & Oakey, R. (1988). The management of innovation in high-technology small firms: innovation and regional development in Britain and the United States: Pinter London.
     
     Oerlemans, L. A. G., Meeus, M. T. H., & Boekema, F. W. M. (1998). Do networks matter for innovation? The usefulness of the economic network approach in analysing innovation. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 89(3), 298-309.
     
     Powell, W. W. (1998). Learning from Collaboration: Knowledge and Networksin the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: Wiley Online Library.
     
     Rangone, A. (1999). A resource-based approach to strategy analysis in small-medium sized enterprises. Small Business Economics, 12(3), 233-248.
     
     Robson, P. J. A., & Bennett, R. J. (2000). SME growth: the relationship with business advice and external collaboration. Small Business Economics, 15(3), 193-208.
     
     Roper, S., & Love, J. H. (2002). Innovation and export performance: evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants. Research Policy, 31(7), 1087-1102.
     
     Salomon, R. M., & Shaver, J. M. (2005). Learning by exporting: new insights from examining firm innovation. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 14(2), 431-460.
     
     Sapienza, H. J., Autio, E., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2006). A capabilities perspective on the effects of early internationalization on firm survival and growth. The Academy of Management Review ARCHIVE, 31(4), 914-933.
     
     Shrader, R. C., Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2000). How new ventures exploit trade-offs among international risk factors: Lessons for the accelerated internationization of the 21st century. Academy of Management Journal, 1227-1247.
     
     Siegel, R., Siegel, E., & Macmillan, I. C. (1993). Characteristics distinguishing high-growth ventures. Journal of business venturing, 8(2), 169-180.
     
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