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題名 基於QoS限制於SC-FDMA上行資源排程之研究
Qos-Costrained Scheduling for Uplink SC-FDMA
作者 李昀峻
Lee, Yun Jun
貢獻者 張宏慶
Jang, Hung Chin
李昀峻
Lee, Yun Jun
關鍵詞 長期演進技術
單載波分頻多工技術
服務質量
排程
LTE
SC-FDMA
QoS
schduling
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 14:24:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著無線通訊技術快速的發展，使用者對無線傳輸及品質的要求日益提升。第三代合作夥伴計劃3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)所提出的長期演進技術Long Term Evolution (LTE)，是邁入第四代行動通訊系統(4G)的極佳選擇。其中以Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)系統作為上行鏈路的主要通信技術。
然而，在上行SC-FDMA中有連續性資源塊配置的規定以及所配置之資源塊需使用相同調變技術的限制。一般而言資源分配的好壞會影響傳輸速率(data rate)與系統效能。因此，如何分配資源以改善傳輸速率與增進系統效能是本論文的研究重點。
目前，已有許多文獻在探討如何透過偵測頻率響應(frequency response)，解決資源分配的問題。但我們發現，透過偵測頻率響應的好壞進行優先權排班，無法有效符合現實網路服務的實際需求。在本論文中，我們擬以三階段的演算法來改善系統中資源分配的問題。第一階段，在time domain排班時根據不同的Quality of Service (QoS)特性區分User Equipment (UE)。在第二階段frequency domain排班時依據通道品質好壞決定優先權以分配無線電資源給UE。最後，我們根據SC-FDMA的兩大重要限制，提出在LTE上行系統中資源分配方法，在滿足Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)服務之時間延遲的限制時，亦能提升整體系統效能。
在模擬分析中，我們利用NS3進行模擬實驗分析，將我們所提出的三階段演算法在不同比例之網路服務類別的要求下，與固定子載波動態資源分配機制以及適應性動態子載波分配機制進行比較。實驗結果顯示，我們的方法在VoIP的average delay time相較於適應性動態分配法最多可改善約82.9%，real time gaming最多可改善約84.9%，而整體系統頻帶利用率(spectrum utilization)相較於固定與適應性分配機制最多可提升約15.3%。
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest standard of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is one of the most promising technology for 4G mobile networks. The goal of LTE is to provide high data rate transmission, scalable bandwidth, low latency, and high-mobility. To achieve this goal, the LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for downlink data transmission and Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission.
This thesis focuses on the resource allocation problem of LTE SC-FDMA system. We propose a three-stage approach to improve resource allocation performance. In the first stage, we design a time domain scheduling according to different QoS features and time delay requirement to distinguish user equipment (UE). In the second stage, we design a frequency domain scheduling based on channel state information to give priorities to UEs. Finally, we propose resource allocation methods for LTE uplink under the two constraints of SC-FDMA. The proposed methods are proved to be able to meet the real-time service delay constraints and enhance overall system performance.
In the simulations, the proposed three stage algorithms are compared to fixed sub-carrier dynamic resource allocation algorithm and adaptive dynamic sub-carrier algorithm against different proportions of network services. Simulation results show that our method outperforms the other two methods in terms of throughput, transmission delay and packet loss ratio.
參考文獻 [1] Agilent Technologies, “3GPP Long Term Evolution: System Overview, Product Development and Test Challenges,” pp. 81-86, June 2009.
[2] Moray Rumney, “3GPP LTE: Introducing Single-Carrier FDMA,” Agilent Measurement Journal, pp. 18-27, January 2008.
[3] Harri Holma, and Antti Toskala, LTE for UMTS - OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access, Wiley: IEEE Press, June 2009.
[4] Hyung G. Myung, Junsung Lim, and David J. Goodman, “Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission,” Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 30-38, September 2006.
[5] 3GPP, R99, “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS): Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture,” TS 23.107 v. 3.9.0, February 2002.
[6] Rabie Almatarneh, Mohamed Ahmed, and Octavia Dobre, “Frequency-Time Scheduling Algorithm for OFDMA Systems,” Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, pp. 776-771, May 2009.
[7] Yong Li, Na Lu, Mugen Peng, and Wenbo Wang, “Multiuser Resource Allocation for OFDM Downlink with Terminal Bandwidth Limitation,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-5, April 2010.
[8] Xu Yang, Yapeng Wang, Dapeng Zhang and Laurie Cuthbert, “Resource Allocation in LTE OFDMA Systems Using Genetic Algorithm and Semi-Smart Antennas,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-6, April 2010.
[9] H. Fattah and H. Alnuweiri, “A Cross-Layer Design for Dynamic Resource Block Allocation in 3G Long Term Evolution System,” Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, IEEE, pp. 929-934, October 2009.
[10] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu, and A. Nandi, “Enhance Greedy Algorithm Based Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation for Single Carrier FDMA Systems,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-6, April 2009.
[11] F. Calabrese, “Scheduling and Link Adaptation for Uplink SC-FDMA Systems,” PhD Thesis/ Department of Engineering, Science and Medicine, University of Aalborg, April 2009.
[12] Suk-Bok Lee, Ioannis Pefkianakis, Adam Meyerson, Shugong Xu and Songwu Lu, “Proportional Fair Frequency-Domain Packet Scheduling for 3GPP LTE Uplink,” INFOCOM 2009, IEEE, pp. 2622-2615, April 2009.
[13] Yun-Fang Chen, Chin-Min Hu, “Inter Cell Interference mitigation in OFDMA Cellular System,” Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2010.
[14] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu and A. K. Nandi, “Dynamic Physical Resource Block Allocation Algorithms for Uplink Long Term Evolution,” Communications 2011, IET, vol. 5, pp. 1020-1027, May 2011.
[15] Liang Zhang, “Network Capacity, Coverage Estimation and Frequency Planning of 3GPP Long Term Evolution,” Master Thesis/ Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control, University of Linköpings, September 2010.
[16] “The Network Simulator ns-3” (NS-3). Retrieved:
http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.13/tutorial/singlehtml/index.html, February 2012.
[17] “ns-3 LTE module documentation-LENA M2 documentation” Open Source Project. Retrieved:
http://lena.cttc.es/manual/, February 2012.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
99753027
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0997530271
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jang, Hung Chinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李昀峻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Yun Junen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李昀峻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Yun Junen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 14:24:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 14:24:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 14:24:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0997530271en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54939-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99753027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著無線通訊技術快速的發展，使用者對無線傳輸及品質的要求日益提升。第三代合作夥伴計劃3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)所提出的長期演進技術Long Term Evolution (LTE)，是邁入第四代行動通訊系統(4G)的極佳選擇。其中以Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)系統作為上行鏈路的主要通信技術。
然而，在上行SC-FDMA中有連續性資源塊配置的規定以及所配置之資源塊需使用相同調變技術的限制。一般而言資源分配的好壞會影響傳輸速率(data rate)與系統效能。因此，如何分配資源以改善傳輸速率與增進系統效能是本論文的研究重點。
目前，已有許多文獻在探討如何透過偵測頻率響應(frequency response)，解決資源分配的問題。但我們發現，透過偵測頻率響應的好壞進行優先權排班，無法有效符合現實網路服務的實際需求。在本論文中，我們擬以三階段的演算法來改善系統中資源分配的問題。第一階段，在time domain排班時根據不同的Quality of Service (QoS)特性區分User Equipment (UE)。在第二階段frequency domain排班時依據通道品質好壞決定優先權以分配無線電資源給UE。最後，我們根據SC-FDMA的兩大重要限制，提出在LTE上行系統中資源分配方法，在滿足Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)服務之時間延遲的限制時，亦能提升整體系統效能。
在模擬分析中，我們利用NS3進行模擬實驗分析，將我們所提出的三階段演算法在不同比例之網路服務類別的要求下，與固定子載波動態資源分配機制以及適應性動態子載波分配機制進行比較。實驗結果顯示，我們的方法在VoIP的average delay time相較於適應性動態分配法最多可改善約82.9%，real time gaming最多可改善約84.9%，而整體系統頻帶利用率(spectrum utilization)相較於固定與適應性分配機制最多可提升約15.3%。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest standard of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is one of the most promising technology for 4G mobile networks. The goal of LTE is to provide high data rate transmission, scalable bandwidth, low latency, and high-mobility. To achieve this goal, the LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for downlink data transmission and Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission.
This thesis focuses on the resource allocation problem of LTE SC-FDMA system. We propose a three-stage approach to improve resource allocation performance. In the first stage, we design a time domain scheduling according to different QoS features and time delay requirement to distinguish user equipment (UE). In the second stage, we design a frequency domain scheduling based on channel state information to give priorities to UEs. Finally, we propose resource allocation methods for LTE uplink under the two constraints of SC-FDMA. The proposed methods are proved to be able to meet the real-time service delay constraints and enhance overall system performance.
In the simulations, the proposed three stage algorithms are compared to fixed sub-carrier dynamic resource allocation algorithm and adaptive dynamic sub-carrier algorithm against different proportions of network services. Simulation results show that our method outperforms the other two methods in terms of throughput, transmission delay and packet loss ratio.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1背景 1
1.1.1 LTE簡介 1
1.2 OFDMA/SC-FDMA 2
1.2.1訊框格式與資源塊型式 4
第二章 相關研究 9
2.1動態子載波分配(Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation) 9
2.2常見的資源分配演算法 12
2.3 Quality of Service 14
2.3.1標準QCI屬性 15
2.4總結 16
第三章 研究方法 18
3.1問題分析 18
3.1.1維持不同等級的網路服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)保證 18
3.1.2通道品質不佳的允入控制 19
3.1.3 SC-FDMA的兩個限制條件 20
3.1.4動態配置的資源塊仍可能浪費頻寬 21
3.2研究方法 22
3.2.1 MAC Priority Classification (TD) Scheduler 23
3.2.2 GBR承載封包QoS-Constrained (TD) Scheduler 24
3.2.3 Non-GBR承載封包QoS-Constrained (TD) Scheduler 25
3.2.4允入控制連線控制(FD Scheduler) 25
3.2.5優先權允入控制(FD Scheduler) 26
3.2.6適應性連續資源塊限制(RBs allocation) 28
3.2.7系統分析 30
3.2.8排班演算法架構及流程 32
第四章 模擬實驗與數據分析 39
4.1實驗設計與假設 39
4.1.1實驗環境 40
4.1.2評估指標 41
4.2實驗數據與分析 42
第五章 結論與未來研究 53
5.1結論 53
5.2未來研究 54
參考文獻 55		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0997530271en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 長期演進技術zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 單載波分頻多工技術zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 服務質量zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 排程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) LTEen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SC-FDMAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) QoSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) schdulingen_US
dc.title (題名) 基於QoS限制於SC-FDMA上行資源排程之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Qos-Costrained Scheduling for Uplink SC-FDMAen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Agilent Technologies, “3GPP Long Term Evolution: System Overview, Product Development and Test Challenges,” pp. 81-86, June 2009.
[2] Moray Rumney, “3GPP LTE: Introducing Single-Carrier FDMA,” Agilent Measurement Journal, pp. 18-27, January 2008.
[3] Harri Holma, and Antti Toskala, LTE for UMTS - OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access, Wiley: IEEE Press, June 2009.
[4] Hyung G. Myung, Junsung Lim, and David J. Goodman, “Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission,” Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 30-38, September 2006.
[5] 3GPP, R99, “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS): Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture,” TS 23.107 v. 3.9.0, February 2002.
[6] Rabie Almatarneh, Mohamed Ahmed, and Octavia Dobre, “Frequency-Time Scheduling Algorithm for OFDMA Systems,” Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, pp. 776-771, May 2009.
[7] Yong Li, Na Lu, Mugen Peng, and Wenbo Wang, “Multiuser Resource Allocation for OFDM Downlink with Terminal Bandwidth Limitation,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-5, April 2010.
[8] Xu Yang, Yapeng Wang, Dapeng Zhang and Laurie Cuthbert, “Resource Allocation in LTE OFDMA Systems Using Genetic Algorithm and Semi-Smart Antennas,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-6, April 2010.
[9] H. Fattah and H. Alnuweiri, “A Cross-Layer Design for Dynamic Resource Block Allocation in 3G Long Term Evolution System,” Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, IEEE, pp. 929-934, October 2009.
[10] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu, and A. Nandi, “Enhance Greedy Algorithm Based Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation for Single Carrier FDMA Systems,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-6, April 2009.
[11] F. Calabrese, “Scheduling and Link Adaptation for Uplink SC-FDMA Systems,” PhD Thesis/ Department of Engineering, Science and Medicine, University of Aalborg, April 2009.
[12] Suk-Bok Lee, Ioannis Pefkianakis, Adam Meyerson, Shugong Xu and Songwu Lu, “Proportional Fair Frequency-Domain Packet Scheduling for 3GPP LTE Uplink,” INFOCOM 2009, IEEE, pp. 2622-2615, April 2009.
[13] Yun-Fang Chen, Chin-Min Hu, “Inter Cell Interference mitigation in OFDMA Cellular System,” Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2010.
[14] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu and A. K. Nandi, “Dynamic Physical Resource Block Allocation Algorithms for Uplink Long Term Evolution,” Communications 2011, IET, vol. 5, pp. 1020-1027, May 2011.
[15] Liang Zhang, “Network Capacity, Coverage Estimation and Frequency Planning of 3GPP Long Term Evolution,” Master Thesis/ Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control, University of Linköpings, September 2010.
[16] “The Network Simulator ns-3” (NS-3). Retrieved:
http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.13/tutorial/singlehtml/index.html, February 2012.
[17] “ns-3 LTE module documentation-LENA M2 documentation” Open Source Project. Retrieved:
http://lena.cttc.es/manual/, February 2012.		zh_TW