學術產出-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 促進污染土地再利用之探討
The research on stimulating the reuse of contaminated land作者 邱建頴
Chiu, Chien Ying貢獻者 林子欽
Lin, Tzu Chin
邱建頴
Chiu, Chien Ying關鍵詞 污染土地
整治
分類模式
contaminated land
remediation
classification model日期 2011 上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 14:26:39 (UTC+8) 摘要 我國自2000年土污法公布施行以來，至今(2012年)已逾12年，但綜觀環保署之國內場址列管情形統計資料可知，目前我國正面臨污染土地整治推動遲緩的問題。整理國內外相關文獻可知污染土地整治有其必要性，其原因在於如果污染土地持續閒置且不整治重新利用，不僅導致污染土地所造成的問題無法解決，另一方面也會使污染土地因整治而帶來的效益無從實現。而污染土地整治遲緩可能來自污染土地市場存在外部性難以內部化的情形，因此如何解決市場失靈之現象為其關鍵所在。 國外解決污染土地市場失靈的作法，主要分為「誘因給予」與「處罰」二大方式。本研究進一步將其概念透過問卷調查與實際訪談之方式，探討我國污染土地地主及承租人於整治污染土地實務上所面臨的困難，及對促進污染土地再利用相關作法之看法。 實證結果顯示，整治污染土地所面臨的最主要困難為整治經費過高、環境顧問公司市場混亂。於促進污染土地整治再利用的作法上，絕大多數地主及承租人偏好誘因給予方式，例如補助整治經費與減免相關稅負；相對地，較不贊成處罰方式，其原因在於增加財務負擔可能提高污染行為人放棄整治的風險，進而阻礙污染土地的整治再利用。此外，公開污染土地相關資訊供污染行為人參考、引進環境保險相關制度等作法，對未來污染土地整治之推行亦有極大助益。 從實證結果進一步歸納可知影響污染土地整治的因素包含「個別因素」與「總體因素」，並將其發展出一套污染土地分類模式。實際應用我國污染土地統計資料於該模式可知，放棄整治此類型的土地占我國污染土地總面積相當低之比例。因此，政府如能有效推動全面性基礎制度的建置，並搭配相關作法，我國在污染土地的整治推行上應能達到不錯之成效。
It has been over 12 years since the announcement of Soil and Groundwater Act in year 2000 in Taiwan. However, statistics revealed by the Environmental Protection Administration suggests that the progress of remediation of contaminated land is far from satisfactory. A number of studies have pointed out that if contaminated land continues to be idle, not only can contamination not be solved, but also benefits resulting from remediation are lost. The market for contaminated land suffers from the external effects that in turn lead to a slow pace of remediation. Therefore, how to solve the problem of market failure is the key to promotion of reusing contaminated land. There are two major approaches to alleviating the problems of market failure for contaminated land; they are incentives and liabilities, respectively. In this study, we investigate into landowners and tenants of contaminated land through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. We intend to discover the difficulties they have encountered in practice and also their views in respect of the approaches that might stimulate the reuse of contaminated land. Empirical results show that the primary difficulties on remediation are the excessive costs and dissatisfactory service of environmental consulting firms. Besides, among the alternative approaches that are expected to accelerate remediation, interviewees tend to prefer incentives over liabilities. They argue that if the government imposes liabilities upon landowners and tenants, their possibility of giving up remediation will be raised. Furthermore, supply of more complete information and introduction of environmental insurance are thought to be able to facilitate remediation in the future. Overall, the empirical evidence highlights a number of contributing factors to an effective remediation. To take a step further, we develop a model to classify the contaminated land in terms of their characteristics such as location, land values…etc. Application of this classification model to two cities suggests that contaminated land that needs direct governmental subsidy only accounts for a small proportion of the total contaminated areas. As a result, we urge the government to establish a platform to provide comprehensive and transparent information. This information platform shall be able to significantly improve the progress of remediation of contaminated land largely through the reinstatement of market mechanism.參考文獻 1.中文文獻丁力行 (2000) 土壤及地下水污染整治法實務與因應對策。臺北：永然文化出版股份有限公司。李泳龍、黃宗誠、陳定國 (2002) 污染土地估價方法之研究-以台鹼安順廠污染區域為例。2002年第二屆全國災害危機處理學術研討會論文集. pp1-267~1-281。李俊錡 (2008) 受污染土地估價之研究。長榮大學在職專班碩士論文。林子欽，陳振惟 (2009) 受污染工業土地之風險、污名與價值：美國經驗的啟示。住宅學報。18(2): 23-44。林森田 (2005) 土地經濟理論與分析。臺北：政大書城。吳明隆 (2007) SPSS操作與應用:問卷統計分析實務。臺北：五南。張孟秋 (2010) 台灣土地開發機制之探討-以外部成本內部化為中心。土地問題研究季刊。9(3)：92-100。許紹峰、徐世榮 (2002) 土壤污染整治政策之探討。土地問題研究季刊。1(1)：52-63。蔡慧君 (2002) 論土壤與地下水污染整治法之仲介者責任主體判斷標準—以美國法院CERCLA案件判解為例釋疑。國立中正大學法學集刊。7：89-146。2.英文文獻Adair, A., Berry, J., and Gibb, K. (2004) Bench-marking urban regeneration. Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, London.Adams, D. (2004) The changing regulatory environment for speculative housebuilding and the construction of core competencies for brownfield development, Environment and Planning A. 36: 601–624.Adams, D. , De Sousa, C. , and Tiesdell, S. (2010) Brownfield Development: A Comparison of North American and British Approaches, Urban Studies. 47(1): 75-104.Adams, D. , Disberry, A. , Hutchiosn, N. , and Munjoma, T. (2000) Mind the gap! : Taxes, subsidies and the behaviour of brownfield owners, Land Use Policy . 17: 135-145.Adams, D. , Disberry, A. , Hutchiosn, N. , and Munjoma, T. (2001) Ownership constraints to brownfield redevelopment, Environment and Planning A. 33: 453-477.Alberini, A. , Longo, A. , Tonin, S. , Trombetta, F. , and Turvani, M. (2004) The role of liability, regulation and economic incentives in brownfield remediation and redevelopment: evidence from surveys of developers, Regional Science and Urban Economics. 35 (2005):327– 351.Bell, R. (1998) The Impact of Detrimental Conditions on Property Values, The Appraisal Journal. 66(4): 380–91.Bell, R. (1999) Real Estate Damages: An Analysis of Detrimental Conditions. Chicago, Appraisal Institute.Civic Trust (1998) Housing and Regeneration - How a Greenfield Levy Can Help. Civic Trust, London.Dale, L., J. C. Murdoch, M. A. Thayer and P. A. Waddell (1999), Do Property Values Rebound from Environmental Stigmas? Evidence from Dallas, Land Economics. 75(2): 311–5.Dixon, T. (2007) The Property Development Industry and Sustainable Urban Brownfield Regeneration in England: An Analysis of Case Studies in Thames Gateway and Greater Manchester, Urban Studies. 44(12): 2379-2400.Dixon, T. , Otsuka, N. , and Abe, H. (2011) Critical success factors in urban brownfield regeneration: an analysis of “hardcore” sites in Manchester and Osaka during the economic recession (2009-10), Environment and Planning A. 43: 961-980.Dixon, T., Pocock, Y. and Waters, M. (2006) An analysis of the UK development industry’s role in brownfield regeneration, Journal of Property Investment and Finance. 24(6): 521–541.English Partnerships (2003) Towards a National Brownfield Strategy. The National Regeneration Agency.Guntermann, K. L. (1995) Sanitary Landfills, Stigma and Industrial Land Values, Journal of Real Estate Research. 10(5): 531–42.Higgins, B. (2004) Brownfield development opportunities in long island city, New York: an analysis of federal, state, and local brownfield incentive programs. Master of Science in Real Estate Development at Columbia University.HMRC (2009a) Outline of Land Remediation Relief, CIRD60005, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.HMRC (2009b) Land Remediation Relief - Outline - Land in a contaminated state, CIRD60015, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.HMRC (2009d) Land Remediation Relief - detailed guidance, CIRD60050, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.Howland, M. (2000) The Impact of Contamination on the Canton/Southeast Baltimore Land Market. American Planning Association Journal. 66(4): 411-420.Jackson, T. O. (2002) Environmental Contamination and Industrial Real Estate Prices, Journal of real estate research. 23(01/02): 179-200.Kiel, K. A. and K. T. McClain (1996) House Price Recovery and Stigma after a Failed Siting, Applied Economics. 28(2): 1351–8.Kohlhase, J. E. (1991) The Impact of Toxic Waste Sites on Housing Values, Journal of Urban Economics. 30: 1–26.McClelland, G. H., W. D. Schulze and B. Hurd(1990) The Effect of Risk Beliefs on Property Values: A Case Study of a Hazardous Waste Site, Risk Analysis. 10(4): 485–97. Page, G. W. and H. Rabinowitz (1993) Groundwater Contamination: Its Effects on Property Values and Cities, Journal of the American Planning Association. 59(4): 473–81.Patchin, P. J. (1994) Contaminated Properties and the Sales Comparison Approach, The Appraisal Journal. 62(3): 402–9.POST, PARLIAMENTARY OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (1998) A brown and pleasant land. POST, London.Regional Analytics Inc. (2002) A Preliminary Investigation into the Economic Impact of Brownfield Redevelopment Activities in Canada, prepared for The National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.Simons, R. A., W. M. Bowen, and A. J. Sementelli (1997) The Effect of Underground Storage Tanks on Residential Property Values in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Journal of Real Estate Research. 14(1/2): 29–42.Simons, R. A., W. M. Bowen, and A. J. Sementelli (1999) The Price and Liquidity Effects of UST Leaks from Gas Stations on Adjacent Contaminated Property. The Appraisal Journal. 67(2): 186–94.Syms, P. (2004) Previously Developed Land: Industrial Activities and Contamination. Blackwell Publishing.Turvani, M. and Tonin, S. (2008) Brownfields Remediation and Reuse: an opportunity for Urban Sustainable Development. In Clini, C. eds. Sustainable Development and Environmental Management: Experience and Case Studies. Pp. 397-411.Urban Task Force (1999a) Towards an Urban Renaissance. Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions, Wetherby.Wise, K. and J. Pfeifenberger (1994) The Enigma of Stigma: The Case of the Industrial Excess Landfill, Toxics Law Reporter. March 1994, 1435–41.Xu, R. (2006) Brownfield Financing in the United States: From Social Benefit- Cost Perspective. Master in City Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
99257017
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099257017 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林子欽 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Tzu Chin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱建頴 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Chien Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱建頴 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Chien Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 14:26:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 14:26:39 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 14:26:39 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099257017 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54951 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99257017 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 我國自2000年土污法公布施行以來，至今(2012年)已逾12年，但綜觀環保署之國內場址列管情形統計資料可知，目前我國正面臨污染土地整治推動遲緩的問題。整理國內外相關文獻可知污染土地整治有其必要性，其原因在於如果污染土地持續閒置且不整治重新利用，不僅導致污染土地所造成的問題無法解決，另一方面也會使污染土地因整治而帶來的效益無從實現。而污染土地整治遲緩可能來自污染土地市場存在外部性難以內部化的情形，因此如何解決市場失靈之現象為其關鍵所在。 國外解決污染土地市場失靈的作法，主要分為「誘因給予」與「處罰」二大方式。本研究進一步將其概念透過問卷調查與實際訪談之方式，探討我國污染土地地主及承租人於整治污染土地實務上所面臨的困難，及對促進污染土地再利用相關作法之看法。 實證結果顯示，整治污染土地所面臨的最主要困難為整治經費過高、環境顧問公司市場混亂。於促進污染土地整治再利用的作法上，絕大多數地主及承租人偏好誘因給予方式，例如補助整治經費與減免相關稅負；相對地，較不贊成處罰方式，其原因在於增加財務負擔可能提高污染行為人放棄整治的風險，進而阻礙污染土地的整治再利用。此外，公開污染土地相關資訊供污染行為人參考、引進環境保險相關制度等作法，對未來污染土地整治之推行亦有極大助益。 從實證結果進一步歸納可知影響污染土地整治的因素包含「個別因素」與「總體因素」，並將其發展出一套污染土地分類模式。實際應用我國污染土地統計資料於該模式可知，放棄整治此類型的土地占我國污染土地總面積相當低之比例。因此，政府如能有效推動全面性基礎制度的建置，並搭配相關作法，我國在污染土地的整治推行上應能達到不錯之成效。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) It has been over 12 years since the announcement of Soil and Groundwater Act in year 2000 in Taiwan. However, statistics revealed by the Environmental Protection Administration suggests that the progress of remediation of contaminated land is far from satisfactory. A number of studies have pointed out that if contaminated land continues to be idle, not only can contamination not be solved, but also benefits resulting from remediation are lost. The market for contaminated land suffers from the external effects that in turn lead to a slow pace of remediation. Therefore, how to solve the problem of market failure is the key to promotion of reusing contaminated land. There are two major approaches to alleviating the problems of market failure for contaminated land; they are incentives and liabilities, respectively. In this study, we investigate into landowners and tenants of contaminated land through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. We intend to discover the difficulties they have encountered in practice and also their views in respect of the approaches that might stimulate the reuse of contaminated land. Empirical results show that the primary difficulties on remediation are the excessive costs and dissatisfactory service of environmental consulting firms. Besides, among the alternative approaches that are expected to accelerate remediation, interviewees tend to prefer incentives over liabilities. They argue that if the government imposes liabilities upon landowners and tenants, their possibility of giving up remediation will be raised. Furthermore, supply of more complete information and introduction of environmental insurance are thought to be able to facilitate remediation in the future. Overall, the empirical evidence highlights a number of contributing factors to an effective remediation. To take a step further, we develop a model to classify the contaminated land in terms of their characteristics such as location, land values…etc. Application of this classification model to two cities suggests that contaminated land that needs direct governmental subsidy only accounts for a small proportion of the total contaminated areas. As a result, we urge the government to establish a platform to provide comprehensive and transparent information. This information platform shall be able to significantly improve the progress of remediation of contaminated land largely through the reinstatement of market mechanism. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究方法 3第三節 研究流程 4第二章 台灣污染場址現況概述 7第一節 污染整治場址與污染控制場址概述 8第二節 解除整治場址控管案例之探討 13第三節 小結 16第三章 文獻回顧 17第一節 污染土地整治之必要性 17第二節 土地市場失靈 24第三節 政府對於污染土地市場之干預 29第四章 問卷調查與實際訪談 37第一節 問卷設計與分析 37第二節 訪談分析 61第三節 綜合分析 69第五章 思考與討論 71第六章 結論與建議 87參考文獻 91附錄(一)整治場址地主或承租人問卷 95附錄(二)控制場址地主或承租人問卷 99 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099257017 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 污染土地 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 整治 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分類模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) contaminated land en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) remediation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) classification model en_US dc.title (題名) 促進污染土地再利用之探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The research on stimulating the reuse of contaminated land en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.中文文獻丁力行 (2000) 土壤及地下水污染整治法實務與因應對策。臺北：永然文化出版股份有限公司。李泳龍、黃宗誠、陳定國 (2002) 污染土地估價方法之研究-以台鹼安順廠污染區域為例。2002年第二屆全國災害危機處理學術研討會論文集. pp1-267~1-281。李俊錡 (2008) 受污染土地估價之研究。長榮大學在職專班碩士論文。林子欽，陳振惟 (2009) 受污染工業土地之風險、污名與價值：美國經驗的啟示。住宅學報。18(2): 23-44。林森田 (2005) 土地經濟理論與分析。臺北：政大書城。吳明隆 (2007) SPSS操作與應用:問卷統計分析實務。臺北：五南。張孟秋 (2010) 台灣土地開發機制之探討-以外部成本內部化為中心。土地問題研究季刊。9(3)：92-100。許紹峰、徐世榮 (2002) 土壤污染整治政策之探討。土地問題研究季刊。1(1)：52-63。蔡慧君 (2002) 論土壤與地下水污染整治法之仲介者責任主體判斷標準—以美國法院CERCLA案件判解為例釋疑。國立中正大學法學集刊。7：89-146。2.英文文獻Adair, A., Berry, J., and Gibb, K. (2004) Bench-marking urban regeneration. Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, London.Adams, D. (2004) The changing regulatory environment for speculative housebuilding and the construction of core competencies for brownfield development, Environment and Planning A. 36: 601–624.Adams, D. , De Sousa, C. , and Tiesdell, S. (2010) Brownfield Development: A Comparison of North American and British Approaches, Urban Studies. 47(1): 75-104.Adams, D. , Disberry, A. , Hutchiosn, N. , and Munjoma, T. (2000) Mind the gap! : Taxes, subsidies and the behaviour of brownfield owners, Land Use Policy . 17: 135-145.Adams, D. , Disberry, A. , Hutchiosn, N. , and Munjoma, T. (2001) Ownership constraints to brownfield redevelopment, Environment and Planning A. 33: 453-477.Alberini, A. , Longo, A. , Tonin, S. , Trombetta, F. , and Turvani, M. (2004) The role of liability, regulation and economic incentives in brownfield remediation and redevelopment: evidence from surveys of developers, Regional Science and Urban Economics. 35 (2005):327– 351.Bell, R. (1998) The Impact of Detrimental Conditions on Property Values, The Appraisal Journal. 66(4): 380–91.Bell, R. (1999) Real Estate Damages: An Analysis of Detrimental Conditions. Chicago, Appraisal Institute.Civic Trust (1998) Housing and Regeneration - How a Greenfield Levy Can Help. Civic Trust, London.Dale, L., J. C. Murdoch, M. A. Thayer and P. A. Waddell (1999), Do Property Values Rebound from Environmental Stigmas? Evidence from Dallas, Land Economics. 75(2): 311–5.Dixon, T. (2007) The Property Development Industry and Sustainable Urban Brownfield Regeneration in England: An Analysis of Case Studies in Thames Gateway and Greater Manchester, Urban Studies. 44(12): 2379-2400.Dixon, T. , Otsuka, N. , and Abe, H. (2011) Critical success factors in urban brownfield regeneration: an analysis of “hardcore” sites in Manchester and Osaka during the economic recession (2009-10), Environment and Planning A. 43: 961-980.Dixon, T., Pocock, Y. and Waters, M. (2006) An analysis of the UK development industry’s role in brownfield regeneration, Journal of Property Investment and Finance. 24(6): 521–541.English Partnerships (2003) Towards a National Brownfield Strategy. The National Regeneration Agency.Guntermann, K. L. (1995) Sanitary Landfills, Stigma and Industrial Land Values, Journal of Real Estate Research. 10(5): 531–42.Higgins, B. (2004) Brownfield development opportunities in long island city, New York: an analysis of federal, state, and local brownfield incentive programs. Master of Science in Real Estate Development at Columbia University.HMRC (2009a) Outline of Land Remediation Relief, CIRD60005, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.HMRC (2009b) Land Remediation Relief - Outline - Land in a contaminated state, CIRD60015, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.HMRC (2009d) Land Remediation Relief - detailed guidance, CIRD60050, April, Her Majesty Revenue & Customs, UK.Howland, M. (2000) The Impact of Contamination on the Canton/Southeast Baltimore Land Market. American Planning Association Journal. 66(4): 411-420.Jackson, T. O. (2002) Environmental Contamination and Industrial Real Estate Prices, Journal of real estate research. 23(01/02): 179-200.Kiel, K. A. and K. T. McClain (1996) House Price Recovery and Stigma after a Failed Siting, Applied Economics. 28(2): 1351–8.Kohlhase, J. E. (1991) The Impact of Toxic Waste Sites on Housing Values, Journal of Urban Economics. 30: 1–26.McClelland, G. H., W. D. Schulze and B. Hurd(1990) The Effect of Risk Beliefs on Property Values: A Case Study of a Hazardous Waste Site, Risk Analysis. 10(4): 485–97. Page, G. W. and H. Rabinowitz (1993) Groundwater Contamination: Its Effects on Property Values and Cities, Journal of the American Planning Association. 59(4): 473–81.Patchin, P. J. (1994) Contaminated Properties and the Sales Comparison Approach, The Appraisal Journal. 62(3): 402–9.POST, PARLIAMENTARY OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (1998) A brown and pleasant land. POST, London.Regional Analytics Inc. (2002) A Preliminary Investigation into the Economic Impact of Brownfield Redevelopment Activities in Canada, prepared for The National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.Simons, R. A., W. M. Bowen, and A. J. Sementelli (1997) The Effect of Underground Storage Tanks on Residential Property Values in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Journal of Real Estate Research. 14(1/2): 29–42.Simons, R. A., W. M. Bowen, and A. J. Sementelli (1999) The Price and Liquidity Effects of UST Leaks from Gas Stations on Adjacent Contaminated Property. The Appraisal Journal. 67(2): 186–94.Syms, P. (2004) Previously Developed Land: Industrial Activities and Contamination. Blackwell Publishing.Turvani, M. and Tonin, S. (2008) Brownfields Remediation and Reuse: an opportunity for Urban Sustainable Development. In Clini, C. eds. Sustainable Development and Environmental Management: Experience and Case Studies. Pp. 397-411.Urban Task Force (1999a) Towards an Urban Renaissance. Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions, Wetherby.Wise, K. and J. Pfeifenberger (1994) The Enigma of Stigma: The Case of the Industrial Excess Landfill, Toxics Law Reporter. March 1994, 1435–41.Xu, R. (2006) Brownfield Financing in the United States: From Social Benefit- Cost Perspective. Master in City Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. zh_TW
