學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 台商赴中國大陸投資技術取得來源對海外子公司經營績效之影響
The effects of technology adoption source on the performance of Taiwan manufacturing subsidiaries in China
作者 許芫綺
Hsu, Yuanchi
貢獻者 翁永和
Weng, Yungho
許芫綺
Hsu, Yuanchi
關鍵詞 對外投資
技術
經營績效
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-Oct-2012 15:25:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以經濟部2006年度「製造業對外投資實況調查」報告為研究資料,利用Probit Model針對上述調查結果進行迴歸實證分析,探討廠商特質及投資動機對海外子公司經營績效之關係,並進一步分析台商廠商特質及投資動機在不同技術取得模式下,其對經營績效的影響效果;研究結果發現,就「技術來源」單一因素,對於大陸子公司經營績效無重要影響,但經由「廠商規模」、「國際化深度」及「市場導向」技術來源由非母國提供技術時,對大陸子公司的經營績效較經由母國提供具有正向且重要影響。就廠商特質而言,「廠商規模」、「國際化深度」及「研發密集度」為影響大陸子公司經營績效的重要因素;當不考慮「國際化深度」的影響因素時,「投資時間」亦會成為影響大陸子公司經營績效的重要因素。就投資動機而言,「市場導向」、「勞動力導向」及「網絡因素」為影響大陸子公司經營績效的決定因素。
參考文獻 參考文獻
     中華民國全國工業總會(2010),《2010全國工業總會白皮書-對大陸投資經營環境之建言》,台北,中華民國全國工業總會。
     方世杰(1999),「技術取得模式與技術取得績效之研究-電子業之實證分析」,《管理學報》,16(1):151-174 。
     王韋翔(2007),「台商赴中國大陸投資策略與績效關係之研究」,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     司徒達賢、賴士葆、洪鉛財(1994),「技術取得策略影響因素分析」,經濟部技術處,產業科技研究發展管理實務案例暨論文研討會,頁7-8。
     阮國銓(2011),「影響對外投資廠商海外事業經營績效之決定因素」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     高子荃、方世杰、林楚雄(2006),「技術取得模式與經營績效之實證研究:考慮廠商的決策影響」,《科技管理學刋》,11(4):121-156。
     高長、洪嘉瑜(2006),「台商在大陸投資的經營模式與績效表現」台商大陸投資東莞與昆山經驗學術研討會,2006年11月26日,台北:政治大學國關中心。
     林彩梅(2005),《多國籍企業論》(第六版),186-188,台北市:五南圖書。
     林傑毓、余孟行(2006),「物流技術特性與技術取得方式之關係─以國內物流產業為例」,《運籌研究集刊》,9(3):25-38。
     林美倫(2007),「研發支出對經營績效及股權評價影響之研究」,《台南科大學報》,26,115-134。
     林蘭君(2007),「技術取得模式對台商在中國大陸投資績效之影響」,東吳大學經濟學系研究所碩士論文。
     吳萬益(1996),「台美日企業在台灣及大陸企業經營環境及競爭策略之研究」,《台大管理論叢書》,7(1): 49-84。
     吳惠玲(2011),「廠商規模、行為與績效之研究─以成立A-TEAM後的自行車產業為例」,台灣大學農業經濟學研究所碩士論文。
     張瑤貞(2008),「中國大陸外資政策轉變對大陸台商營運之影響」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     張榮政(2011),「影響海外事業技術來源的決定因素」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     郭恒(1999),「技術移轉內涵與製造績效間關係之研究─以台商電子電機業在中國大陸投資」,中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     陳忠榮、楊志海(1999),「探討台灣對外直接投資的決定因素─擴張型與防禦型的比較」,《經濟論文叢刊》,27(2),215-240。
     陳瓊蓉、沈純慧(2010),「臺灣上市製造業公司的國際化程度與績效關係之再探:傳產業與資電業之比較」,《商管科技季刊》,11(4),457-497。
     陳姿蓉(2010),「台商進入中國大陸之模式與經營績效」,中原大學國際貿易學系碩士論文。
     曹為忠、詹雪蘭、李文瑞、陳旭銘(2002),「進入模式、產業環境、以及廠商特性對廠商海外市場經營績效之影響」,《企業管理學報》,(54):1-32。
     曾為國(2008),「企業購併對技術取得影響之研究」,中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     喬友慶(2003),「國際化程度、產品差異化能力與績效之關聯性─台灣企業之實證研究」,政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
     經濟部投資審議委員會網站,「100年12月份核准僑外投資、陸資來臺投資、國外投資、對中國大陸投資統計月報」,投審會出版品資訊網址:http://www.moeaic.gov.tw/system_external/ctlr?PRO=PublicationLoad&id=103,檢索日期:2012年3月1日。
     蔡明田、廖曜生、林彥廷(2000),「高科技產業技術取得策略之研究-以半導體、電腦及周邊製造業為例」,《中華管理評論》,3(2):1-15。
     蔡敏秀(2006),「廠商規模、投資行為與經營績效之關聯性─以日本生物製藥產業之實證」,臺灣大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
     蔡宏家(2007),「技術來源對廠商利潤率之影響─以台灣製造業產業為例」,中興大學應用經濟學研究所碩士論文。
     顏怡音(2005),「臺灣上市電子公司大陸投資佈局與經營績效之關聯性分析」,臺北大學會計研究所博士論文。
     Baransons, J. (1966), “Transfer of Technical Knowledge by International Corporations to Developing Economics,” American Economics Review, 259.
     Barkema, H. G., Bell, J. H. J., and Pennings, J. M. (1996), “Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers and Learning,” Strategic Management Journal, 17 (2), 151-166.
     Barney, J. B. (1991), “ Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive. Advantage,” Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
     Buckley, P. J. and M. C. Casson (1976), “A Long-Run Theory of the Multinational Enterprise,” Buckley, P. J. and M. C. Casson (Eds.) in: The Future of Multinational Enterprise, London : Macmillan, 33-65.
     Caves, R. E. (1996), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis. 2nd ed.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     Chen, T. J., H. M. Chen, and Y. H. Ku (2004), “Foreign Direct Investment and Local Linkage,” Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (1), 9-31.
     Chen, T. J. and H. M. Chen (1998), “Network Linkages and Location Choice in Foreign Direct Investment,” Journal of International Business Studies, 29 (3), 445-468.
     Coase, Ronald H. (1937), “The Nature of The Firm,” Economica, 4 (16): 386–405.
     Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt (1985), “The Impact of Export Strategy on Export Sales Performance,” Journal of International Business Studies, 16 (1), 37-55.
     Danila, N. (1989), “Strategic Evaluation and Selection of R&D Projects,” R&D Management, 19 (1), 47-62.
     Daniels, J. D. and Radebaugh L. H., (1992), International Business: Environments and Operations, 6th edition, CA : Aidsion-Wesley Longman Ltd.
     Dierickx, I. and Cool, K. (1989), “Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage,” Management Science, 35, 1505-1511.
     Dunning, J. H. (1980), “Toward and Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests,” Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (1), 9-31.
     Dunning, H. (1993), “Internationalizing Porter’s Diamond,” Management International Review, 33 (2), 7-16.
     Ford, D. (1988), “Develop Your Technology Strategy,” Long Range Planning, 21 (1), 85-95.
     Granstrand, O., Bohlin, E., Oskarsson, C. and Niklas Sjoberg (1992), “External Technology Acquisition in Large Multi-Technology Corporations,” R&D Management, 22 (2), 112-115.
     Green, D. H. and A. B. Ryans (1990), “Entry Strategies and Market Performance Causal Modeling of A Business Simulation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 7, 45-58.
     Hall, M. and L. W. Weiss (1967), “Firm Size and Profitability,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 49, 319-331.
     Hitt, M. A., R. E. Hoskisson and H. Kim (1997), “International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms,” Academy of Management Journal, 40 (4), 767-798.
     Hymer, S. (1960), The International Operations of National Firms:A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
     Kindleberger, C, P. (1969), American Business aboard Six Lectures on Direct Investment, New Haven: Yale University Press.
     Kim, W. C., Hwang, P., and Burgers, W. P. (1993), “Multinationals’ Diversification and The Risk-Return Trade-off,” Strategic Management Journal, 14 (4), 275-286.
     Kogut, B. (1985), “Designing Global Strategies: Profiting From Operation Flexibility,” Sloan Management Review, 27 (1), 27-38.
     Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1993), “Knowledge of The Firm and Evolutionary Theory of The MNCS,” Journal of International Business Studies, Fourth Quarter, 625-645.
     Kojima, K. (1978), Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model of Multinational Business Operations, New York: Praeger Press.
     Klette, T. J. (1996), “R&D, Scope Economic and Plan Performance,” Rand Journal of Economics, 27, 502-522.
     Leiblein, M. J., Reuer, J. J., and Dalsace, F. (2002), “Do Make or Buy Decisions Matter? The Influence of Organizational Governance on Technological Performance,” Strategic Management Journal, 23 (9), 817-833.
     Leroy, G. P. (1978), Transfer of Developing Economics within the Multinational Enterprise, Boston: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
     Luo, Y. (1997), “Performance Implications of International Strategy,” Group and Organization Management, 22 (1), 87 -116.
     Michael G. (1984), “Application of Technology Life Cycle to Technology Transfers,” Journal of Business Strategy, 51-58.
     Nachum, L. and Keeble, D. (2001), “Why Do Business Service Firms Cluster? Small Consultancies, Clustering and Decentralization in London and Southern England,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27 (1), 67-90.
     Noori, H. (1990), Managing the Dynamics of New Technology, Pentice-Hall, 143-157.
     Pan, Y. and P. S. K. Chi, (1999), “Financial Performance and Survival of Multinational Corporations in China,” Strategic Management Journal, 20 (4), 359-374.
     Radices, H. K. (1971), “Control Type, Profitability and Growth in Large Firms: An Empirical Study,” The Economic Journal, 81, 547-562.
     Samiee, S. and P. G. P. Walters, (1990), “Influence of Firm Size on Export Planning and Performance,” Journal of Business Research, 20 (3), 235-248.
     Scherer, F. M. (1980), Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Cambridge: MIT Press.
     Sharif, M. N., (1988), “Problems, Issues and Strategies for S&T Policy Analysis ,” Science and Public policy , 15 (4), 195-216.
     S. H. Robock, and K. Simmonds, (1983), International Business and Multinational Enterprises, Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 460-461.
     Shaver, J. M., W. Mitchell, and B. Yeung, (1997), “The Effect of Own-Firm and Other-Firm Experience on Foreign Direct Investment Survival in The United States,” Strategic Management Journal, 18, 811-824.
     Shaver, J. M. (1998), “Accounting for Endogeneity when Assessing Strategy Performance: Does Entry Mode Choice Affect FDI Survival,” Management Science, 44 (4), 571-585.
     Sullivan, D. (1994), “Measuring The Degree of Internationalization of A Firm,” Journal of International Business Studies , 25 (2), 325-342.
     Teece, D. J. (1992), “Competition, Cooperation, and Innovation: Organizational Arrangement for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18, 1-25.
     Tidd, J. and Trewhella, M. J., (1997), “Organizational and Technological Antecedents of Knowledge Acquisition and Learning,” R&D Management, 27 (4), 359-375.
     Thomas, Douglas E. and Lorraine Eden, (2004), “What is the Shape of the Multinationality-Performance Relationship?” Multinational Business Review, 12 (1), 89-110.
     United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), (1973), Guidelines for the Acquisition of Foreign Technology in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to Technology Licensing Agreement, United Nations Publication, ID/78.
     Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 190-207.
     Venkatraman, N. and V. Ramanujam, (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches,” Academy of Management Review, 11 (4), 801-814.
     Yadong, L. (1997), “Partner Selection and Venturing Success:The Case of Joint Ventures with Firms in The People’s Republic of China,” Organization Science, 8 (6), 648-662.
     Zahra, S. A., R. D. Ireland and M. A. Hitt, (2000), “International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning and Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 925-950.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
99921054
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0999210541
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 翁永和zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Weng, Yunghoen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許芫綺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Yuanchien_US
dc.creator (作者) 許芫綺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Yuanchien_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-Oct-2012 15:25:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-Oct-2012 15:25:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-Oct-2012 15:25:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0999210541en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/55080-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99921054zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以經濟部2006年度「製造業對外投資實況調查」報告為研究資料,利用Probit Model針對上述調查結果進行迴歸實證分析,探討廠商特質及投資動機對海外子公司經營績效之關係,並進一步分析台商廠商特質及投資動機在不同技術取得模式下,其對經營績效的影響效果;研究結果發現,就「技術來源」單一因素,對於大陸子公司經營績效無重要影響,但經由「廠商規模」、「國際化深度」及「市場導向」技術來源由非母國提供技術時,對大陸子公司的經營績效較經由母國提供具有正向且重要影響。就廠商特質而言,「廠商規模」、「國際化深度」及「研發密集度」為影響大陸子公司經營績效的重要因素;當不考慮「國際化深度」的影響因素時,「投資時間」亦會成為影響大陸子公司經營績效的重要因素。就投資動機而言,「市場導向」、「勞動力導向」及「網絡因素」為影響大陸子公司經營績效的決定因素。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 I
     目錄 II
     表目錄 IV
     第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 研究方法 4
     第三節 研究架構 4
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 對外投資理論 6
     第二節 技術取得模式理論 9
     第三節 技術取得模式及廠商特質與經營績效關係 14
     第三章 對外投資之現況統計 25
     第四章 實證模型設定 35
     第一節 變數說明及預期影響方向 35
     第二節 實證模型的建立 41
     第五章 實證結果分析 42
     第一節 實證變數之基本統計量 42
     第二節 實證結果分析 43
     第三節 實證模型的邊際效果 51
     第六章 結論與建議 54
     參考文獻 56
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0999210541en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 對外投資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技術zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經營績效zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 台商赴中國大陸投資技術取得來源對海外子公司經營績效之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effects of technology adoption source on the performance of Taiwan manufacturing subsidiaries in Chinaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻
     中華民國全國工業總會(2010),《2010全國工業總會白皮書-對大陸投資經營環境之建言》,台北,中華民國全國工業總會。
     方世杰(1999),「技術取得模式與技術取得績效之研究-電子業之實證分析」,《管理學報》,16(1):151-174 。
     王韋翔(2007),「台商赴中國大陸投資策略與績效關係之研究」,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     司徒達賢、賴士葆、洪鉛財(1994),「技術取得策略影響因素分析」,經濟部技術處,產業科技研究發展管理實務案例暨論文研討會,頁7-8。
     阮國銓(2011),「影響對外投資廠商海外事業經營績效之決定因素」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     高子荃、方世杰、林楚雄(2006),「技術取得模式與經營績效之實證研究:考慮廠商的決策影響」,《科技管理學刋》,11(4):121-156。
     高長、洪嘉瑜(2006),「台商在大陸投資的經營模式與績效表現」台商大陸投資東莞與昆山經驗學術研討會,2006年11月26日,台北:政治大學國關中心。
     林彩梅(2005),《多國籍企業論》(第六版),186-188,台北市:五南圖書。
     林傑毓、余孟行(2006),「物流技術特性與技術取得方式之關係─以國內物流產業為例」,《運籌研究集刊》,9(3):25-38。
     林美倫(2007),「研發支出對經營績效及股權評價影響之研究」,《台南科大學報》,26,115-134。
     林蘭君(2007),「技術取得模式對台商在中國大陸投資績效之影響」,東吳大學經濟學系研究所碩士論文。
     吳萬益(1996),「台美日企業在台灣及大陸企業經營環境及競爭策略之研究」,《台大管理論叢書》,7(1): 49-84。
     吳惠玲(2011),「廠商規模、行為與績效之研究─以成立A-TEAM後的自行車產業為例」,台灣大學農業經濟學研究所碩士論文。
     張瑤貞(2008),「中國大陸外資政策轉變對大陸台商營運之影響」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     張榮政(2011),「影響海外事業技術來源的決定因素」,政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
     郭恒(1999),「技術移轉內涵與製造績效間關係之研究─以台商電子電機業在中國大陸投資」,中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     陳忠榮、楊志海(1999),「探討台灣對外直接投資的決定因素─擴張型與防禦型的比較」,《經濟論文叢刊》,27(2),215-240。
     陳瓊蓉、沈純慧(2010),「臺灣上市製造業公司的國際化程度與績效關係之再探:傳產業與資電業之比較」,《商管科技季刊》,11(4),457-497。
     陳姿蓉(2010),「台商進入中國大陸之模式與經營績效」,中原大學國際貿易學系碩士論文。
     曹為忠、詹雪蘭、李文瑞、陳旭銘(2002),「進入模式、產業環境、以及廠商特性對廠商海外市場經營績效之影響」,《企業管理學報》,(54):1-32。
     曾為國(2008),「企業購併對技術取得影響之研究」,中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     喬友慶(2003),「國際化程度、產品差異化能力與績效之關聯性─台灣企業之實證研究」,政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
     經濟部投資審議委員會網站,「100年12月份核准僑外投資、陸資來臺投資、國外投資、對中國大陸投資統計月報」,投審會出版品資訊網址:http://www.moeaic.gov.tw/system_external/ctlr?PRO=PublicationLoad&id=103,檢索日期:2012年3月1日。
     蔡明田、廖曜生、林彥廷(2000),「高科技產業技術取得策略之研究-以半導體、電腦及周邊製造業為例」,《中華管理評論》,3(2):1-15。
     蔡敏秀(2006),「廠商規模、投資行為與經營績效之關聯性─以日本生物製藥產業之實證」,臺灣大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
     蔡宏家(2007),「技術來源對廠商利潤率之影響─以台灣製造業產業為例」,中興大學應用經濟學研究所碩士論文。
     顏怡音(2005),「臺灣上市電子公司大陸投資佈局與經營績效之關聯性分析」,臺北大學會計研究所博士論文。
     Baransons, J. (1966), “Transfer of Technical Knowledge by International Corporations to Developing Economics,” American Economics Review, 259.
     Barkema, H. G., Bell, J. H. J., and Pennings, J. M. (1996), “Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers and Learning,” Strategic Management Journal, 17 (2), 151-166.
     Barney, J. B. (1991), “ Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive. Advantage,” Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
     Buckley, P. J. and M. C. Casson (1976), “A Long-Run Theory of the Multinational Enterprise,” Buckley, P. J. and M. C. Casson (Eds.) in: The Future of Multinational Enterprise, London : Macmillan, 33-65.
     Caves, R. E. (1996), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis. 2nd ed.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     Chen, T. J., H. M. Chen, and Y. H. Ku (2004), “Foreign Direct Investment and Local Linkage,” Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (1), 9-31.
     Chen, T. J. and H. M. Chen (1998), “Network Linkages and Location Choice in Foreign Direct Investment,” Journal of International Business Studies, 29 (3), 445-468.
     Coase, Ronald H. (1937), “The Nature of The Firm,” Economica, 4 (16): 386–405.
     Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt (1985), “The Impact of Export Strategy on Export Sales Performance,” Journal of International Business Studies, 16 (1), 37-55.
     Danila, N. (1989), “Strategic Evaluation and Selection of R&D Projects,” R&D Management, 19 (1), 47-62.
     Daniels, J. D. and Radebaugh L. H., (1992), International Business: Environments and Operations, 6th edition, CA : Aidsion-Wesley Longman Ltd.
     Dierickx, I. and Cool, K. (1989), “Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage,” Management Science, 35, 1505-1511.
     Dunning, J. H. (1980), “Toward and Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests,” Journal of International Business Studies, 11 (1), 9-31.
     Dunning, H. (1993), “Internationalizing Porter’s Diamond,” Management International Review, 33 (2), 7-16.
     Ford, D. (1988), “Develop Your Technology Strategy,” Long Range Planning, 21 (1), 85-95.
     Granstrand, O., Bohlin, E., Oskarsson, C. and Niklas Sjoberg (1992), “External Technology Acquisition in Large Multi-Technology Corporations,” R&D Management, 22 (2), 112-115.
     Green, D. H. and A. B. Ryans (1990), “Entry Strategies and Market Performance Causal Modeling of A Business Simulation,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 7, 45-58.
     Hall, M. and L. W. Weiss (1967), “Firm Size and Profitability,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 49, 319-331.
     Hitt, M. A., R. E. Hoskisson and H. Kim (1997), “International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms,” Academy of Management Journal, 40 (4), 767-798.
     Hymer, S. (1960), The International Operations of National Firms:A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
     Kindleberger, C, P. (1969), American Business aboard Six Lectures on Direct Investment, New Haven: Yale University Press.
     Kim, W. C., Hwang, P., and Burgers, W. P. (1993), “Multinationals’ Diversification and The Risk-Return Trade-off,” Strategic Management Journal, 14 (4), 275-286.
     Kogut, B. (1985), “Designing Global Strategies: Profiting From Operation Flexibility,” Sloan Management Review, 27 (1), 27-38.
     Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1993), “Knowledge of The Firm and Evolutionary Theory of The MNCS,” Journal of International Business Studies, Fourth Quarter, 625-645.
     Kojima, K. (1978), Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model of Multinational Business Operations, New York: Praeger Press.
     Klette, T. J. (1996), “R&D, Scope Economic and Plan Performance,” Rand Journal of Economics, 27, 502-522.
     Leiblein, M. J., Reuer, J. J., and Dalsace, F. (2002), “Do Make or Buy Decisions Matter? The Influence of Organizational Governance on Technological Performance,” Strategic Management Journal, 23 (9), 817-833.
     Leroy, G. P. (1978), Transfer of Developing Economics within the Multinational Enterprise, Boston: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
     Luo, Y. (1997), “Performance Implications of International Strategy,” Group and Organization Management, 22 (1), 87 -116.
     Michael G. (1984), “Application of Technology Life Cycle to Technology Transfers,” Journal of Business Strategy, 51-58.
     Nachum, L. and Keeble, D. (2001), “Why Do Business Service Firms Cluster? Small Consultancies, Clustering and Decentralization in London and Southern England,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27 (1), 67-90.
     Noori, H. (1990), Managing the Dynamics of New Technology, Pentice-Hall, 143-157.
     Pan, Y. and P. S. K. Chi, (1999), “Financial Performance and Survival of Multinational Corporations in China,” Strategic Management Journal, 20 (4), 359-374.
     Radices, H. K. (1971), “Control Type, Profitability and Growth in Large Firms: An Empirical Study,” The Economic Journal, 81, 547-562.
     Samiee, S. and P. G. P. Walters, (1990), “Influence of Firm Size on Export Planning and Performance,” Journal of Business Research, 20 (3), 235-248.
     Scherer, F. M. (1980), Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, Cambridge: MIT Press.
     Sharif, M. N., (1988), “Problems, Issues and Strategies for S&T Policy Analysis ,” Science and Public policy , 15 (4), 195-216.
     S. H. Robock, and K. Simmonds, (1983), International Business and Multinational Enterprises, Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 460-461.
     Shaver, J. M., W. Mitchell, and B. Yeung, (1997), “The Effect of Own-Firm and Other-Firm Experience on Foreign Direct Investment Survival in The United States,” Strategic Management Journal, 18, 811-824.
     Shaver, J. M. (1998), “Accounting for Endogeneity when Assessing Strategy Performance: Does Entry Mode Choice Affect FDI Survival,” Management Science, 44 (4), 571-585.
     Sullivan, D. (1994), “Measuring The Degree of Internationalization of A Firm,” Journal of International Business Studies , 25 (2), 325-342.
     Teece, D. J. (1992), “Competition, Cooperation, and Innovation: Organizational Arrangement for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18, 1-25.
     Tidd, J. and Trewhella, M. J., (1997), “Organizational and Technological Antecedents of Knowledge Acquisition and Learning,” R&D Management, 27 (4), 359-375.
     Thomas, Douglas E. and Lorraine Eden, (2004), “What is the Shape of the Multinationality-Performance Relationship?” Multinational Business Review, 12 (1), 89-110.
     United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), (1973), Guidelines for the Acquisition of Foreign Technology in Developing Countries, with Special Reference to Technology Licensing Agreement, United Nations Publication, ID/78.
     Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 190-207.
     Venkatraman, N. and V. Ramanujam, (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches,” Academy of Management Review, 11 (4), 801-814.
     Yadong, L. (1997), “Partner Selection and Venturing Success:The Case of Joint Ventures with Firms in The People’s Republic of China,” Organization Science, 8 (6), 648-662.
     Zahra, S. A., R. D. Ireland and M. A. Hitt, (2000), “International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning and Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 925-950.
zh_TW