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題名 探討台灣與韓國對國際衝突事件新聞報導之異同:以楊淑君事件為例
A comparative study of how the press covers Yang Shu-chun incident in Taiwan and Korea
作者 金志宣
Kim, Jisun
貢獻者 施琮仁
Shih, Tsung Jen
金志宣
Kim, Jisun
關鍵詞 報導
國際衝突
框架
news coverage
international conflict
frame
日期 2012
上傳時間 1-Nov-2012 13:59:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究探討的是楊淑君被取消資格事件,發生在2010年11月17日。基於框架理論背景,研究的目的是探索新聞平面媒體如何使用框架來報導楊淑君事件。具體來說,本研究旨在探討不同國家的新聞報導框架差異。
本研究使用自2010年11月18日起至12月17日止的相關事件新聞報導作為樣本,進行台灣與韓國的報導框架比較。台灣蘋果日報和自由時報有150則相關新聞文章,而韓國的相關新聞文章只有28篇。
本研究發現,台灣媒體所使用的主要框架為責任框架,而韓國媒體所使用的框架為情感框架。台灣的主要新聞消息來源為台灣政府,而韓國新聞消息來源主要來自於台灣媒體。
This research studies the framing and its application to the Yang Shu-chun disqualification incident, which happened in November 17, 2010. Based on the theoretical background of Framing, this study aims at exploring how the news print media framed one of the recent controversies between Taiwan and Korea, Yang Shu-chun disqualification. Specifically, this tried to see how different each country’s news coverage framed it and how different they used news sources.
A comparative case study is conducted with the news stories regarding the incident from November 18, 2010 to December 17, 2010 in Taiwan and Korea. Because of the large difference of the number of the articles between Taiwan and Korea, only two Taiwanese newspapers, the Taiwan Apple Daily and the Liberty Times, are selected among many papers, while Korean news articles are chosen all. They are 150 stories and 28 stories respectively.
This research finds that Taiwan media used the responsibility frame most while Korean one did the human interest frame. Both have the majority of episodic frames. As of the news sources, Taiwan’s papers used the news source from Taiwanese government, while Korean ones mostly used Taiwan’s media source. Taiwan used diverse sources from Taiwan side but Korea heavily depended on foreign sources. News coverage with the source of politicians has a tendency of having political consequences framing.
參考文獻 Altschull, J. Herbert (1984). Agents of Power: the role of the news media in human affairs. White Plains, N.Y.: Longman.
Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chin-Chuan Lee & Junghye Yan. (1995). Foreign news and national interest: comparing U.S. and Japanese coverage of a Chinese student movement. Gazette, 56, 1-18.
Chul Lee. (2006). Newspapers’ Reconstruction of Realities by Framing : In the case of Pyung-Taek U.S. Military Base Transfer coverage. Kookmin University Master’s Thesis.
Clausen, Lisbeth. (2003). Global News Communication Strategies – 9.11.2002 around the World, Nordicom Review 24(2): 105–16.
Coffey, Philip J. (1975). A quantitative measure of bias in reporting of political news. Journalism Quarterly. 52, 551-53.
Cooper, A. H. (2002). Media framing and social movement mobilization. German peace protest against INF missiles, the Gulf War and NATO peace enforcement in Bosnia. European Journal of Political Research, 41, 37.80.
D’Angelo, P. (2002). News framing as a multi-paradigmatic research program: A response to Entman. Journal of Communication, 52, 870–888.
Daniela V. Dimitrova & Jesper Strömbäck. (2005).Mission Accomplished? Framing of the Iraq War in the Elite Newspapers in Sweden and the United States. The International Journal for Communication Studies, 67(5). 399–417.
de Vreese, C.H., Peter, J., & Semetko, H.A. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the Euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication, 18(2), 107-122.
de Vreese, C. H. (2002). Framing Europe: Television news and European integration. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers.
de Vreese, C.H. (2004). The effects of frames in political television news on issue interpretation and frame salience. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 1-17.
Dominic L. Lasorsa & Stephen D. Reese. (1990). News Source Use in the Crash of 1987: A Study of Four National Media. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 1.
Entman, R. (1989). How the media affect what people think: An information processing approach. Journal of Politics, 51(2), 347-370.
Entman, R. B. (1991). Framing US coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41, 6–27.
Entman, R. B. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51–58.
Gamson, W. A. (1996). Media discourse as a framing resource. In A.N. Crigler (Ed.), The psychology of political communication (pp. 111–132). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1–37.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. New York: Free Press.
Hangsoo Lee & Seyoung Jang. "[Guangzhou Asian Games] Who made athlete cry?… Taiwanese mad at Korea." ChosunIlbo 20 November 2010. .
Harvey, J. H. (1976). Attribution of freedom. In J. H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 1, pp. 73-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Huang, Y, & Leung, C. M. (2005). Western-led press coverage of Mainland China and Vietnam during the SARS crisis: Reassessing the concept of ‘media representation of the other.’ Asian Journal of Communication, 15(3), 302-318.
Iyengar, S. (1987). Television news and citizens` explanations of national issues. American Political Science Review, 81(3), 815-832.
Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Jasperson, A. E., Shah, D. V., Watts, M., Faber, R. J., & Fan, D. P. (1998). Framing the public agenda: Media effects on the importance of the federal budget deficit. Political Communication, 15, 205.224.
Jinlong, Jiang & Xiaoming, Hao. (2010). One incident, two stories: News coverage of the Sino-US mid-air collision, Asia Pacific Media Educator, 20, 2010, 253-268.
SungTae Kim (2000). Making a difference: U.S. press coverage of the Kwangju and Tiananmen Pro-Democracy Movements. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(1), 22-36.
Soonchan Park. "ATA website hacked, Taiwanese suspected." ChosunIlbo 19 November 2010.
Kobland, C. E., Du, L. & Kwon, J. (1992). Influence of ideology in news reporting: case study of New York Times’ coverage of student demonstrations in China and South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 2, 64-77.
Kyounghee Hazel Kwon & Shin-Il Moon. (2009). The bad guy is one of us: framing comparison between the US and Korean newspapers and blogs about the Virginia Tech shooting. Asian Journal of Communication, 19, 3, 270-288.
Lanier Frush Holt & Lesa Hatley Major. (2010). Frame and Blame: An analysis of how national and local newspapers framed the Jena Six controversy. Journalism & Mass Commucation Quarterly, 87, 3/4.
Min Li. (2009), The national images of Korea Published in Chinese Newspapers : Analysis of the Renmin Ribao and the Beijing Youth Daily, MA dissertation, Seoul Women’s University (in Korean).
Lippmann, Walter (1922/1965). Public opinion. New York: The Free Press.
Mutz, Diana C. (1998). Impersonal Influence: How Perceptions of Mass Collectives Affect Political Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge. News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 59.79.
Rachlin, Allan (1988). News as hegemonic reality: American political culture and the framing of news accounts. New York: Praeger.
Rupar, V. (2006). How did you find that out? Transparency of the newsgathering process and the meaning of news. Journalism Studies, 7(1), 127-143.
Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103-122.
Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited. Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3, 297.316.
Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93.109.
Shah, D., Watts, M. D., Domke, D., & Fan, D. (2002). News framing and cueing of issue regimes. Explaining Clinton’s public approval in spite of scandal. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66, 339.370.
Shen, Fuyuan (2004). Chronic Accessibility and Individual Cognitions: Examining the Effects of Message Frames on Political Advertisements, Journal of Communication 54: 123–37.
Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message. New York: Longman Publishers
Tankard, J. W., Hendrickson, L., Silberman, J., Bliss, K., & Ghanem, S. (1991) Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement. Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual convention, Boston, MA.
Tankard, J. W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp. 95.106). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Thimios Zaharopoulos. (2007). The News Framing of the 2004 Olympic Games, Mass Communication & Society, 10(2), 235-249.
Tuchman, Gaye (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: The Free Press.
Turner, J.C. (1982). Toward a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and inter-group relations, pp. 15-40. Cambridge, Eng: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Vallone, R. P., L. Ross, et al. (1985). "The hostile media phenomena: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the "Beirut Massacre."." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49: 577-585.
王寓中, "馬又口誤運動員變動物園" Liberty Times 26 November 2010. p.A10.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
98461015
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098461015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 施琮仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Tsung Jenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 金志宣zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kim, Jisunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 金志宣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kim, Jisunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2012 13:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Nov-2012 13:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2012 13:59:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098461015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/55145-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98461015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究探討的是楊淑君被取消資格事件,發生在2010年11月17日。基於框架理論背景,研究的目的是探索新聞平面媒體如何使用框架來報導楊淑君事件。具體來說,本研究旨在探討不同國家的新聞報導框架差異。
本研究使用自2010年11月18日起至12月17日止的相關事件新聞報導作為樣本,進行台灣與韓國的報導框架比較。台灣蘋果日報和自由時報有150則相關新聞文章,而韓國的相關新聞文章只有28篇。
本研究發現,台灣媒體所使用的主要框架為責任框架,而韓國媒體所使用的框架為情感框架。台灣的主要新聞消息來源為台灣政府,而韓國新聞消息來源主要來自於台灣媒體。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research studies the framing and its application to the Yang Shu-chun disqualification incident, which happened in November 17, 2010. Based on the theoretical background of Framing, this study aims at exploring how the news print media framed one of the recent controversies between Taiwan and Korea, Yang Shu-chun disqualification. Specifically, this tried to see how different each country’s news coverage framed it and how different they used news sources.
A comparative case study is conducted with the news stories regarding the incident from November 18, 2010 to December 17, 2010 in Taiwan and Korea. Because of the large difference of the number of the articles between Taiwan and Korea, only two Taiwanese newspapers, the Taiwan Apple Daily and the Liberty Times, are selected among many papers, while Korean news articles are chosen all. They are 150 stories and 28 stories respectively.
This research finds that Taiwan media used the responsibility frame most while Korean one did the human interest frame. Both have the majority of episodic frames. As of the news sources, Taiwan’s papers used the news source from Taiwanese government, while Korean ones mostly used Taiwan’s media source. Taiwan used diverse sources from Taiwan side but Korea heavily depended on foreign sources. News coverage with the source of politicians has a tendency of having political consequences framing.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements ................................... iv
Abstract ........................................... iv
Table of Contents .................................. iv
1. INTRODUCTION..................................... 1
1.1. Outline of the tudy ............................3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................5
2.1 Framing .........................................5
2.1.1. Definition of Framing ........................5
2.1.2. How to Identify Frames .......................6
2.1.3. Framing Typology .............................8
2.2 Comparative Study of Framing ....................14
2.3 News Sources ....................................19
2.3.1 Definition of news sources.....................20
2.3.2 Sources used in conflicts .....................21
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS & RESEARCH METHODS ............24
3.1 Research Question ...............................24
3.2 Research Methods ................................24
3.2.1 Collection of Articles ........................25
3.2.2 Intercoder Reliability ........................26
3.2.3 Measuring Page Layout and Length of the Articles ............................................28
3.2.4 Measuring Frames ..............................28
3.2.5 Measuring News Sources ........................30
4. FINDINGS .........................................33
4.1 (RQ1) Page Layout and Length of the Articles ....33
4.2 (RQ2) News Frames ...............................34
4.2.1 Taiwan news coverage. .........................34
4.2.1.1 Human interest framing. .....................34
4.2.1.2 Responsibility frame. .......................35
4.2.1.3 Conflict frame. .............................36
4.2.1.4 Political consequence frame. ................36
4.2.1.5 Inter-national relations frame. .............37
4.2.2 Korean news coverage. .........................38
4.2.2.1 Human interest framing. .....................38
4.2.2.2 Responsibility frame. .......................39
4.2.2.3 Conflict frame. .............................40
4.2.2.4 Inter-national relations frame. .............41
4.3 (RQ3) Episodic vs. Thematic Frame ...............43
4.4 (RQ4) News Sources...............................43
4.5 (RQ5) Frame and News Source .....................45
5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS .......................47
5.1 Limitations & Suggestions .......................51
References ..........................................53
Appendix 1. Code Book ...............................59
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098461015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 報導zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際衝突zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) news coverageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international conflicten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) frameen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討台灣與韓國對國際衝突事件新聞報導之異同:以楊淑君事件為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A comparative study of how the press covers Yang Shu-chun incident in Taiwan and Koreaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altschull, J. Herbert (1984). Agents of Power: the role of the news media in human affairs. White Plains, N.Y.: Longman.
Cappella, J. N., & Jamieson, K. H. (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chin-Chuan Lee & Junghye Yan. (1995). Foreign news and national interest: comparing U.S. and Japanese coverage of a Chinese student movement. Gazette, 56, 1-18.
Chul Lee. (2006). Newspapers’ Reconstruction of Realities by Framing : In the case of Pyung-Taek U.S. Military Base Transfer coverage. Kookmin University Master’s Thesis.
Clausen, Lisbeth. (2003). Global News Communication Strategies – 9.11.2002 around the World, Nordicom Review 24(2): 105–16.
Coffey, Philip J. (1975). A quantitative measure of bias in reporting of political news. Journalism Quarterly. 52, 551-53.
Cooper, A. H. (2002). Media framing and social movement mobilization. German peace protest against INF missiles, the Gulf War and NATO peace enforcement in Bosnia. European Journal of Political Research, 41, 37.80.
D’Angelo, P. (2002). News framing as a multi-paradigmatic research program: A response to Entman. Journal of Communication, 52, 870–888.
Daniela V. Dimitrova & Jesper Strömbäck. (2005).Mission Accomplished? Framing of the Iraq War in the Elite Newspapers in Sweden and the United States. The International Journal for Communication Studies, 67(5). 399–417.
de Vreese, C.H., Peter, J., & Semetko, H.A. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the Euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication, 18(2), 107-122.
de Vreese, C. H. (2002). Framing Europe: Television news and European integration. Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers.
de Vreese, C.H. (2004). The effects of frames in political television news on issue interpretation and frame salience. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 1-17.
Dominic L. Lasorsa & Stephen D. Reese. (1990). News Source Use in the Crash of 1987: A Study of Four National Media. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 1.
Entman, R. (1989). How the media affect what people think: An information processing approach. Journal of Politics, 51(2), 347-370.
Entman, R. B. (1991). Framing US coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41, 6–27.
Entman, R. B. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51–58.
Gamson, W. A. (1996). Media discourse as a framing resource. In A.N. Crigler (Ed.), The psychology of political communication (pp. 111–132). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1–37.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. New York: Free Press.
Hangsoo Lee & Seyoung Jang. "[Guangzhou Asian Games] Who made athlete cry?… Taiwanese mad at Korea." ChosunIlbo 20 November 2010. .
Harvey, J. H. (1976). Attribution of freedom. In J. H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 1, pp. 73-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Huang, Y, & Leung, C. M. (2005). Western-led press coverage of Mainland China and Vietnam during the SARS crisis: Reassessing the concept of ‘media representation of the other.’ Asian Journal of Communication, 15(3), 302-318.
Iyengar, S. (1987). Television news and citizens` explanations of national issues. American Political Science Review, 81(3), 815-832.
Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Jasperson, A. E., Shah, D. V., Watts, M., Faber, R. J., & Fan, D. P. (1998). Framing the public agenda: Media effects on the importance of the federal budget deficit. Political Communication, 15, 205.224.
Jinlong, Jiang & Xiaoming, Hao. (2010). One incident, two stories: News coverage of the Sino-US mid-air collision, Asia Pacific Media Educator, 20, 2010, 253-268.
SungTae Kim (2000). Making a difference: U.S. press coverage of the Kwangju and Tiananmen Pro-Democracy Movements. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(1), 22-36.
Soonchan Park. "ATA website hacked, Taiwanese suspected." ChosunIlbo 19 November 2010.
Kobland, C. E., Du, L. & Kwon, J. (1992). Influence of ideology in news reporting: case study of New York Times’ coverage of student demonstrations in China and South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 2, 64-77.
Kyounghee Hazel Kwon & Shin-Il Moon. (2009). The bad guy is one of us: framing comparison between the US and Korean newspapers and blogs about the Virginia Tech shooting. Asian Journal of Communication, 19, 3, 270-288.
Lanier Frush Holt & Lesa Hatley Major. (2010). Frame and Blame: An analysis of how national and local newspapers framed the Jena Six controversy. Journalism & Mass Commucation Quarterly, 87, 3/4.
Min Li. (2009), The national images of Korea Published in Chinese Newspapers : Analysis of the Renmin Ribao and the Beijing Youth Daily, MA dissertation, Seoul Women’s University (in Korean).
Lippmann, Walter (1922/1965). Public opinion. New York: The Free Press.
Mutz, Diana C. (1998). Impersonal Influence: How Perceptions of Mass Collectives Affect Political Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge. News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 59.79.
Rachlin, Allan (1988). News as hegemonic reality: American political culture and the framing of news accounts. New York: Praeger.
Rupar, V. (2006). How did you find that out? Transparency of the newsgathering process and the meaning of news. Journalism Studies, 7(1), 127-143.
Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103-122.
Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited. Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3, 297.316.
Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93.109.
Shah, D., Watts, M. D., Domke, D., & Fan, D. (2002). News framing and cueing of issue regimes. Explaining Clinton’s public approval in spite of scandal. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66, 339.370.
Shen, Fuyuan (2004). Chronic Accessibility and Individual Cognitions: Examining the Effects of Message Frames on Political Advertisements, Journal of Communication 54: 123–37.
Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message. New York: Longman Publishers
Tankard, J. W., Hendrickson, L., Silberman, J., Bliss, K., & Ghanem, S. (1991) Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement. Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual convention, Boston, MA.
Tankard, J. W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp. 95.106). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Thimios Zaharopoulos. (2007). The News Framing of the 2004 Olympic Games, Mass Communication & Society, 10(2), 235-249.
Tuchman, Gaye (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: The Free Press.
Turner, J.C. (1982). Toward a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and inter-group relations, pp. 15-40. Cambridge, Eng: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Vallone, R. P., L. Ross, et al. (1985). "The hostile media phenomena: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the "Beirut Massacre."." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49: 577-585.
王寓中, "馬又口誤運動員變動物園" Liberty Times 26 November 2010. p.A10.
zh_TW