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題名 應用Wi-Fi與GPS技術於室外定位之研究
Study on Outdoor Positioning With Wi-Fi/GPS作者 郭清智 貢獻者 林老生
郭清智關鍵詞 高感度GPS接收器
Wi-Fi 定位
訊號紋辨識
戶外定位
定位精度
High sensitivity GPS receiver
Wi-Fi positioning
Fingerprinting
Outdoor positioning
Positioning accuracy日期 2010 上傳時間 1-Nov-2012 14:00:13 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於可攜式行動裝置近年來快速成長,隨著行動裝置與地理資訊的結合發展出的適地性服務 (Location-Based Service, LBS),也呈現越來越多的應用方式。LBS最基本的功能為定位,定位精度好壞也影響著LBS的應用面,越高的定位精度應用面越廣。常見的定位方式便是用GPS導航定位,但是在都會地區越是繁榮的地方往往過多的建物使衛星訊號被阻擋,導致GPS的定位會受到影響,造成平面誤差量會在15公尺以上,或是無法定位。利用都市區域有Wi-Fi訊號分布的特性,藉由區分不同的Wi-Fi訊號來源與接收強度,做出定位判斷,可以使原本GPS無法定位的區域,也可以利用Wi-Fi訊號來做定位。本研究嘗試使用高感度GPS接收器,在建物周邊定位,及在GPS無法運作時使用Wi-Fi訊號來做定位依據,提高整體的定位成功率,並嘗試利用Wi-Fi定位與GPS協同運作來提高整體精度。Wi-Fi定位採用訊號紋辨識法,欲使用訊號紋辨識法必先建立Wi-Fi訊號資料庫,包含地理坐標與對應的訊號來源與強度分布。實驗區為政治大學山下校區綜合院館四周面積約1.76公頃區域,模擬被遮蔽狀況下的GPS導航定位精度,配合Wi-Fi定位來輔助GPS定位結果。結果顯示利用兩種定位系統,可使平面平均定位誤差小於10公尺,高程平均定位誤差小於1.5公尺。
The positioning accuracy is an important issue for Location-Based Service (LBS). LBS has many products, and its applications are usually based on Global Positioning System (GPS), because GPS navigation has been very mature. GPS has a typical outdoor positioning error of up to 15 meters for civilian users. Hence it has become a viable method for civilian to carry out coarse positioning. However, it has its shortcomings. GPS is available only in outdoors with a clear view of the sky. Since Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) has become another positioning technology which is capable of performing positioning in indoor environments and urban canyons. Wi-Fi positioning is using fingerprinting in this study. This study is desirable to integrate GPS and Wi-Fi positioning technologies for ubiquitous positioning. The related issues of Wi-Fi/GPS technologies, such as database quality, analysis of algorithms, and database processing procedures were studied. Test data sets from National Chengchi University (NCCU) campus will be used to test the proposed algorithms. By using those two positioning system , it is revealed that the positioning accuracy made at the test sites resulted that the 2D coordinate average error is less than 10 meters, elevation positioning average error is less than 1.5 meters.參考文獻 1.中文參考文獻孔祥元、郭際明、劉宗泉,2010,『大地測量學基礎』二版,中華人民共和國湖北省武漢市:武漢大學出版社。王奕鈞,2006,「神經網路應用於地籍坐標轉換之研究」,國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文:臺北。李昀臻,2009,「多空頭市場不同波動下台灣加權股價指數選擇權評價搭配倒傳遞類神經網路之研究」,亞洲大學經營管理學系碩士班碩士論文: 臺中。林景頎,2006,「室內定位品質分析之研究」,國立成功大學電機工程學系碩博士班碩士論文:臺南。施柏屹,2000,「倒傳遞神經網路學習收歛之初步探討」,國立中央大學機械工程研究所碩士論文:桃園。徐啟翔,2008,「無線網路定位系統之應用探討」,長庚大學商管專業學院碩士論文:桃園。崔文、陳昭男,2011,「用於智慧型手機上之混合式行人定位技術」,『電腦與通訊』,137:89-96。連矩鋒,2007,「室內及室外環境下之GSM/Wi-Fi定位系統分析比較」,國立臺灣大學電機資訊學院資訊工程研究所,碩士論文:臺北。陳建男,2008,「無線訊號圖形化呈現與定位導覽之應用研究」,元智大學資訊管理學系碩士論文:臺北。陳釧瑤,2009,『行動寬頻下之適地性 (LBS)服務發展趨勢』,臺北市: 財團法人資訊工業策進會產業情報研究所。陳惠琪、陳鴻智、張嘉強,2010,「Wi-Fi技術應用與精度探討」,論文發表於〈第二十九屆測量及空間資訊研討會〉,國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系:臺北,民國99年9月2日至3日。陳鶴欽,2009,「結合低價單頻GPS接收儀與虛擬參考站定位精度之研究」,國立成功大學地球科學系碩博士班博士論文:臺南。曾清凉、儲慶美,1999,『GPS衛星測量原理及應用』二版,臺南:國立成功大學衛資訊研究中心。廖俊愷,2009,「可調節權重式之異質網路定位系統研究」,銘傳大學資訊傳播工程學系碩士論文:桃園。劉科宏,2008,「結合GPS與無線網路之定位系統研究」,銘傳大學資訊傳播工程學系碩士論文:桃園。戴江淮,2009,『GPS導航系統理論與實務』,臺北市:學貫行銷。羅華強,2008,『類神經網路:MATLAB的應用』二版,臺北縣:高立圖書有限公司。蘇昭安,2003,「應用倒傳遞類神經網路在颱風波浪預報之研究」,國立臺灣大學工程科學與海洋工程學系碩士論文:臺北。2.外文參考文獻Bahl, P. and Padmanabhan, V.N., 2000, “RADAR: An In-building RF-based User Location and Tracking System”, IEEE Infocom 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 26-30, vol. 2, pp. 775-784.Li, B., Quader, I. J. and Dempster A.G., 2008, “On outdoor positioning with Wi-Fi”, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 7 (1): 18-26.Cheong, J.W., Li, B., Dempster, A.G. and Rizos, C., 2009, “GPS/WiFi Real-Time Positioning Device: An Initial Outcome” pp.439-456 in Location Based Services and TeleCartography II, edited by Gartner, Georg and Rehrl, Karl: Springer. On the World Wide:http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/geography/book/978-3-540-87392-1Gallagher, T., Tan, Y. K., Li, B. and Dempster, A. G., 2009, “Wi-Fi+GPS for urban canyon positioning”, Symp. on GPS/GNSS (IGNSS2009), Holiday Inn Surfers Paradise - Austrailia, AU, Dec 01-03, 2009.Kaemarungsi, K. and Krishnamurthy, P., 2004, “Modeling of Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Location Fingerprinting”, INFOCOM 2004, Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies , 2: 1012-1022.Kealy, A., Li, B., Gallagher, T. and Dempster, A., 2010, “Evaluation of WIFI Technologies for Indoor Positioning Application” on the World Wide Web: http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap/publications/kealy_etal2009a.pdfKlingbeil, L. and Wark, T., 2008, “A Wireless Sensor Network for Real-time Indoor Localisation and Motion Monitoring”, Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks, 39-50.Outemzabet, S. and Nerguizian, C., 2008, “Accuracy Enhancement of an Indoor ANN-based Fingerprinting Location System Using Particle Filtering and a Low-cost Sensor”, Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC Spring 2008, IEEE: 2750-2754, May 11–14, Marina Bay, Singapore.Samper, M. D. L. and Merino, M. M. R., 2010, “Regional Complements for GNSS Systems”, 2010 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS, Taipei, Taiwan, October 26-28.Taheri, A., Singh, A. and Emmanuel, A., 2004, “Location Fingerprinting on Infrastructure 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) using Locus”, in Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE Intemational Conference on Local Computer Networks, 676-683.Youssef, M. and Agrawala, A., 2006, “Location-Clustering Techniques for WLAN Location Determination Systems”, International Journal of Computers and Applications, 28(3): 278-284.3.網頁部分 Ekahau, (2011), Ekahau-Wi-Fi Tracking Systems, RTLS and WLAN Site Survey. Retrieved May 13, 2011 from Ekahau on the World Wide Web: http://www.ekahau.com/IGS, (2011), IGS Products. Retrieved May 13, 2011 from IGS on the World Wide Web: http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/prods.htmlNetstumbler, (2011), downloads. Retrieved June 24, 2011 from Network Stumbler on the World Wide Web: http://www.netstumbler.com/RoyalTek, (2008), RoyalTek bluetooth GPS datalog receiver MBT-1100 user manual. Retrieved May 13, 2011 from RoyalTek on the World Wide Web: http://www.royaltek.com/download/mbt-1100_User_Manual.pdfSigNav, (2009), SigNav: uTevo Timing Micro Module User Guide. Retrieved May 13, 2011 from RoyalTek on the World Wide Web: http://www.signav.com.au/files/brochures/uTevo-0000-User%20Guide-v0.4.pdfSkyhook, (2009), Skyhook: Home. Retrieved May 13, 2011 from Skyhook, Inc on the World Wide Web: http://www.skyhookwireless.comWGS84_TM2, 2008,GIS應用支援工具集。http://www.ascc.sinica.edu.tw/gis/ISTIS/tools.html,取用日期:2011年5月20日。WIFLY, 2011, WIFLY–無線上網的最佳選擇。http://www.wifly.com.tw,取用日期:2011年5月13日。Wi-Fi聯盟,2011, Wi-Fi Alliance。http://www.wi-fi.org,取用日期:2011年5月16日。Zhang, J., Li B., Dempster A.G. and Rizos C., (2011, March). Evaluation of High Sensitivity GPS Receivers. Magazine of Coordunates 7(3). Retrieved May 16, 2011 from Coordunates on the World Wide Web: http://mycoordinates.org/中華電信無線上網,2011,中華電信無線上網包月制登場。http://pwlan.hinet.net/month/Web/index.php,取用日期:2011年5月13日。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
98257024
99資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0982570241 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林老生 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭清智 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 郭清智 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2010 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2012 14:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Nov-2012 14:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2012 14:00:13 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0982570241 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/55152 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98257024 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於可攜式行動裝置近年來快速成長,隨著行動裝置與地理資訊的結合發展出的適地性服務 (Location-Based Service, LBS),也呈現越來越多的應用方式。LBS最基本的功能為定位,定位精度好壞也影響著LBS的應用面,越高的定位精度應用面越廣。常見的定位方式便是用GPS導航定位,但是在都會地區越是繁榮的地方往往過多的建物使衛星訊號被阻擋,導致GPS的定位會受到影響,造成平面誤差量會在15公尺以上,或是無法定位。利用都市區域有Wi-Fi訊號分布的特性,藉由區分不同的Wi-Fi訊號來源與接收強度,做出定位判斷,可以使原本GPS無法定位的區域,也可以利用Wi-Fi訊號來做定位。本研究嘗試使用高感度GPS接收器,在建物周邊定位,及在GPS無法運作時使用Wi-Fi訊號來做定位依據,提高整體的定位成功率,並嘗試利用Wi-Fi定位與GPS協同運作來提高整體精度。Wi-Fi定位採用訊號紋辨識法,欲使用訊號紋辨識法必先建立Wi-Fi訊號資料庫,包含地理坐標與對應的訊號來源與強度分布。實驗區為政治大學山下校區綜合院館四周面積約1.76公頃區域,模擬被遮蔽狀況下的GPS導航定位精度,配合Wi-Fi定位來輔助GPS定位結果。結果顯示利用兩種定位系統,可使平面平均定位誤差小於10公尺,高程平均定位誤差小於1.5公尺。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The positioning accuracy is an important issue for Location-Based Service (LBS). LBS has many products, and its applications are usually based on Global Positioning System (GPS), because GPS navigation has been very mature. GPS has a typical outdoor positioning error of up to 15 meters for civilian users. Hence it has become a viable method for civilian to carry out coarse positioning. However, it has its shortcomings. GPS is available only in outdoors with a clear view of the sky. Since Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) has become another positioning technology which is capable of performing positioning in indoor environments and urban canyons. Wi-Fi positioning is using fingerprinting in this study. This study is desirable to integrate GPS and Wi-Fi positioning technologies for ubiquitous positioning. The related issues of Wi-Fi/GPS technologies, such as database quality, analysis of algorithms, and database processing procedures were studied. Test data sets from National Chengchi University (NCCU) campus will be used to test the proposed algorithms. By using those two positioning system , it is revealed that the positioning accuracy made at the test sites resulted that the 2D coordinate average error is less than 10 meters, elevation positioning average error is less than 1.5 meters. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1一、研究動機 1二、研究目的 3第二節 研究方法與流程 4一、研究方法 4二、研究流程 5第三節 章節架構 7第二章 文獻回顧 9第一節 Wi-Fi定位研究 9一、Wi-Fi定位方法 9二、Wi-Fi的室內定位研究 13三、Wi-Fi的室外定位研究 15第二節 GPS導航定位研究 16第三節 Wi-Fi定位結合GPS定位研究 18第四節 小結 20第三章 理論基礎 25第一節 全球定位系統 25一、GPS架構 25二、GPS觀測量 26三、GPS定位的各種誤差 28四、導航定位 31五、導航定位精度的評定 34第二節 Wi-Fi定位 36一、Wi-Fi的訊號涵蓋範圍 36二、Wi-Fi資料庫的建置 37三、Wi-Fi定位演算法 38第四章 實驗結果與分析 49第一節 實驗內容說明 49一、實驗區域 50二、資料蒐集 . 53三、實驗器材 54第二節 資料處理 56第三節 實驗成果及分析 60一、Wi-Fi傳輸距離與訊號強度測試 60二、小區域Wi-Fi定位實驗 65三、中區域的Wi-Fi定位與GPS軌跡紀錄器定位實驗 71四、大區域整合Wi-Fi/GPS的定位成果 78五、Wi-Fi參考點間距與平面定位精度之關係 95第五章 結論與建議 99第一節 結論 99第二節 建議 101參考文獻 102 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0982570241 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高感度GPS接收器 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wi-Fi 定位 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 訊號紋辨識 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 戶外定位 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 定位精度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) High sensitivity GPS receiver en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wi-Fi positioning en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fingerprinting en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Outdoor positioning en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Positioning accuracy en_US dc.title (題名) 應用Wi-Fi與GPS技術於室外定位之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Study on Outdoor Positioning With Wi-Fi/GPS en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.中文參考文獻孔祥元、郭際明、劉宗泉,2010,『大地測量學基礎』二版,中華人民共和國湖北省武漢市:武漢大學出版社。王奕鈞,2006,「神經網路應用於地籍坐標轉換之研究」,國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文:臺北。李昀臻,2009,「多空頭市場不同波動下台灣加權股價指數選擇權評價搭配倒傳遞類神經網路之研究」,亞洲大學經營管理學系碩士班碩士論文: 臺中。林景頎,2006,「室內定位品質分析之研究」,國立成功大學電機工程學系碩博士班碩士論文:臺南。施柏屹,2000,「倒傳遞神經網路學習收歛之初步探討」,國立中央大學機械工程研究所碩士論文:桃園。徐啟翔,2008,「無線網路定位系統之應用探討」,長庚大學商管專業學院碩士論文:桃園。崔文、陳昭男,2011,「用於智慧型手機上之混合式行人定位技術」,『電腦與通訊』,137:89-96。連矩鋒,2007,「室內及室外環境下之GSM/Wi-Fi定位系統分析比較」,國立臺灣大學電機資訊學院資訊工程研究所,碩士論文:臺北。陳建男,2008,「無線訊號圖形化呈現與定位導覽之應用研究」,元智大學資訊管理學系碩士論文:臺北。陳釧瑤,2009,『行動寬頻下之適地性 (LBS)服務發展趨勢』,臺北市: 財團法人資訊工業策進會產業情報研究所。陳惠琪、陳鴻智、張嘉強,2010,「Wi-Fi技術應用與精度探討」,論文發表於〈第二十九屆測量及空間資訊研討會〉,國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系:臺北,民國99年9月2日至3日。陳鶴欽,2009,「結合低價單頻GPS接收儀與虛擬參考站定位精度之研究」,國立成功大學地球科學系碩博士班博士論文:臺南。曾清凉、儲慶美,1999,『GPS衛星測量原理及應用』二版,臺南:國立成功大學衛資訊研究中心。廖俊愷,2009,「可調節權重式之異質網路定位系統研究」,銘傳大學資訊傳播工程學系碩士論文:桃園。劉科宏,2008,「結合GPS與無線網路之定位系統研究」,銘傳大學資訊傳播工程學系碩士論文:桃園。戴江淮,2009,『GPS導航系統理論與實務』,臺北市:學貫行銷。羅華強,2008,『類神經網路:MATLAB的應用』二版,臺北縣:高立圖書有限公司。蘇昭安,2003,「應用倒傳遞類神經網路在颱風波浪預報之研究」,國立臺灣大學工程科學與海洋工程學系碩士論文:臺北。2.外文參考文獻Bahl, P. and Padmanabhan, V.N., 2000, “RADAR: An In-building RF-based User Location and Tracking System”, IEEE Infocom 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 26-30, vol. 2, pp. 775-784.Li, B., Quader, I. J. and Dempster A.G., 2008, “On outdoor positioning with Wi-Fi”, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 7 (1): 18-26.Cheong, J.W., Li, B., Dempster, A.G. and Rizos, C., 2009, “GPS/WiFi Real-Time Positioning Device: An Initial Outcome” pp.439-456 in Location Based Services and TeleCartography II, edited by Gartner, Georg and Rehrl, Karl: Springer. On the World Wide:http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/geography/book/978-3-540-87392-1Gallagher, T., Tan, Y. K., Li, B. and Dempster, A. 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