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題名 LTE下行鏈路中具調適服務品質及公平性考量之排程研究
Adaptive QoS and fairness consideration for downlink scheduling in LTE
作者 胡建彪
Hu, Chien-Piao
貢獻者 張宏慶
Jang, Hung Chin
胡建彪
Hu, Chien-Piao
關鍵詞 長期演進
排程
服務品質
公平性
下行鏈路
LTE
scheduling
QoS
Fairness
Downlink
日期 2011
上傳時間 3-Dec-2012 11:27:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 　　隨著全球通訊技術的發展，第四代行動通訊系統(4G)已進入我們的生活之中。其中又以長期演進技術（Long Term Evolution, LTE）為代表。LTE使用了正交分頻多工(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, OFDM)以及多輸入多輸出(Multi-Input Multi-Output, MIMO)技術，使得第四代行動網路在上傳以及下載時，能擁有更大的傳輸量，及更遠的傳輸距離。
　　當下載時，因為每位使用者所在的環境不同，造成傳輸量、延遲時間因而不同，所以基地台分配資源時，尚有許多改善的空間。目前，許多文獻在探討如何公平且有效地分配資源塊(Resource Block, RB)給使用者裝置(User Equipment, UE)，如Proportional Fair (PF)與Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF)兩種排程機制。前者考量了優先權的公平性，但沒有考量服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)；後者對於較即時的封包有較高的優先權，卻導致資源分配不均，將大量的資源給部份使用者。本篇論文著重於公平性以及服務品質的考量，使用不同方式的佇列存放各種不同的資源型態(resource type)，依照資源型態佔整體資源數量的比例，以及計算出Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (AMLWDF)的優先權值，針對各個UE與各個通道(channel)做全面性地配置，來提昇公平性及降低延遲以符合QoS要求。
Owing to the development of global communication technology, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest technology for the fourth generation mobile communication systems (4G) that has entered into our lives. LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology to provide high data rate transmission and long distance transmission when users doing download and upload.
When doing download, users may have different throughput, delay time, and jitter due to they are in different locations. To improve these performance indexes, the E-UTRAN Node B (eNodeB) has to allocate resource blocks efficiently.
In the literature, many works explore how to fairly allocate resource blocks (RB) to users. Proportional Fair (PF) and Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF) are two example scheduling mechanisms. PF considers service priority and fairness, but doesn`t consider the Quality of Service (QoS). MLWDF considers QoS but not service priority and fairness, and allows eNodeB giving more resources to particular users.
In this thesis, we focus on resource allocation problem of downlink scheduling in LTE. Considering fairness and QoS, we store various resource types into particular queues and calculate the priorities using Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (AMLWDF). The relationships between users and channels are coordinated according to the priorities for the sake of enhancing the fairness and reducing the delay time and jitter.
參考文獻 [1] 3GPP, TS 36.321, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification, ver. 8.12.0.
[2] 3GPP, TS 36.322, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification, ver. 8.8.0.
[3] 3GPP, TS 36.323, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification, ver. 8.6.0.
[4] 3GPP TS 36.300, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2, ver. 10.5.0.
[5] C. Mehlfuhrer, M. Wrulich, J.C Ikuno, D.Bosanska, and M. Rupp, "Simulating the Long Term Evolution Physical Layer," in Proc. of the 17th European Signal processing conference (EUSIPCO 2009), Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 2009.
[6] H. Fattah and H. Alnuweiri, “A Cross-Layer Design for Dynamic Resource Block Allocation in 3G Long Term Evolution System,” Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, IEEE, pp.929-934, Oct 2009.
[7] S. Schwarz, C. Mehlfuhrer and M. Rupp, “Low Complexity Approximate Maximum Throughput Scheduling for LTE,” 44th Annual Asilomar conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, California, USA, 2010.
[8] JM Holtzman, QUALCOMM Inc., “Asymptotic Analysis of Proportional Fair Algorithm,” Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE PIMRC), vol. 2, page(s): F-33-F-37, Aug. 2001.
[9] R. Basukala, H.A. Mohd Ramli, and K. Sandrasegaran, “Performance Analysis of EXP/PF and M-LWDF in Downlink 3GPP LTE System,” in Proc. of the 1st Asian Himalayas International Conference on Internet (AH-ICI’09), pp.1-5, Aug. 2009.
[10] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu and A. K. Nandi, “Dynamic Physical Resource Block Allocation Algorithms for Uplink Long Term Evolution,” in proc. 16th European signal processing conference, Eusipco, Lausanne, Aug. 2011.
[11] 3GPP TS 23.107, Quality of Service (QoS) Concept and Architecture, ver. 3.9.0.
[12] Agilent Technologies, “3GPP Long Term Evolution: System Overview, Product Development and Test Challenges,” pp.81-86, June 2009.
[13] “The Network Simulator ns-3” (NS-3). Retrieved:
http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.13/tutorial/singlehtml/index.html,
February 2012.
[14] “Ns-3 LTE Module Documentation-LENA M2 Documentation” Open Source Project. Retrieved: http://lena.cttc.es/manual/ , February 2012.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
98753027
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098753027
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jang, Hung Chinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 胡建彪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hu, Chien-Piaoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 胡建彪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hu, Chien-Piaoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Dec-2012 11:27:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Dec-2012 11:27:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Dec-2012 11:27:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098753027en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/56329-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98753027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 　　隨著全球通訊技術的發展，第四代行動通訊系統(4G)已進入我們的生活之中。其中又以長期演進技術（Long Term Evolution, LTE）為代表。LTE使用了正交分頻多工(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, OFDM)以及多輸入多輸出(Multi-Input Multi-Output, MIMO)技術，使得第四代行動網路在上傳以及下載時，能擁有更大的傳輸量，及更遠的傳輸距離。
　　當下載時，因為每位使用者所在的環境不同，造成傳輸量、延遲時間因而不同，所以基地台分配資源時，尚有許多改善的空間。目前，許多文獻在探討如何公平且有效地分配資源塊(Resource Block, RB)給使用者裝置(User Equipment, UE)，如Proportional Fair (PF)與Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF)兩種排程機制。前者考量了優先權的公平性，但沒有考量服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)；後者對於較即時的封包有較高的優先權，卻導致資源分配不均，將大量的資源給部份使用者。本篇論文著重於公平性以及服務品質的考量，使用不同方式的佇列存放各種不同的資源型態(resource type)，依照資源型態佔整體資源數量的比例，以及計算出Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (AMLWDF)的優先權值，針對各個UE與各個通道(channel)做全面性地配置，來提昇公平性及降低延遲以符合QoS要求。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Owing to the development of global communication technology, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest technology for the fourth generation mobile communication systems (4G) that has entered into our lives. LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology to provide high data rate transmission and long distance transmission when users doing download and upload.
When doing download, users may have different throughput, delay time, and jitter due to they are in different locations. To improve these performance indexes, the E-UTRAN Node B (eNodeB) has to allocate resource blocks efficiently.
In the literature, many works explore how to fairly allocate resource blocks (RB) to users. Proportional Fair (PF) and Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF) are two example scheduling mechanisms. PF considers service priority and fairness, but doesn`t consider the Quality of Service (QoS). MLWDF considers QoS but not service priority and fairness, and allows eNodeB giving more resources to particular users.
In this thesis, we focus on resource allocation problem of downlink scheduling in LTE. Considering fairness and QoS, we store various resource types into particular queues and calculate the priorities using Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (AMLWDF). The relationships between users and channels are coordinated according to the priorities for the sake of enhancing the fairness and reducing the delay time and jitter.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 簡介 1
1.1背景 1
1.1.1　LTE簡介 1
1.1.2　OFDM基本架構 2
1.1.3　MIMO基本架構 3
1.1.4　OFDMA基本架構 3
1.1.5　LTE分層架構 3
1.1.6　訊框格式與資源塊格式 5
1.2研究動機 7
1.3論文架構 8
第二章 相關研究 9
2.1通道品質指標 9
2.1.1　CQI 9
2.2排程演算法 10
2.2.1　Best CQI 11
2.2.2　Round Robin 13
2.2.3　Proportional Fair 14
2.2.4　Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF) 15
2.2.5　Hungarian 15
2.3服務品質（QoS） 20
2.3.1　標準QCI屬性 20
2.4總結 22
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1問題分析 23
3.1.1　網路服務品質的考量 23
3.1.2　公平性及優先權的考量 23
3.1.3　避免佇列中的資料長期等待 24
3.1.4　時間複雜度的考量 24
3.2研究方法 25
3.2.1　允入控制連線數之評估與調適 25
3.2.3　QoS下AMLWDF之計算 25
3.2.4　AMLWDF動態資源塊之分配 26
3.3排程演算法之架構與流程 27
第四章 模擬實驗與結果分析 39
4.1實驗環境與假設 39
4.1.1　評估指標 39
4.1.2　模擬環境 40
4.2實驗數據與分析 41
4.2.1　實驗一 41
4.2.2　實驗二 45
第五章 結論與未來研究 49
5.1結論 49
5.2未來研究 50
參考文獻 51		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098753027en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 長期演進zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 排程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 服務品質zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公平性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 下行鏈路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) LTEen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) schedulingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) QoSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fairnessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Downlinken_US
dc.title (題名) LTE下行鏈路中具調適服務品質及公平性考量之排程研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Adaptive QoS and fairness consideration for downlink scheduling in LTEen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] 3GPP, TS 36.321, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification, ver. 8.12.0.
[2] 3GPP, TS 36.322, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification, ver. 8.8.0.
[3] 3GPP, TS 36.323, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification, ver. 8.6.0.
[4] 3GPP TS 36.300, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2, ver. 10.5.0.
[5] C. Mehlfuhrer, M. Wrulich, J.C Ikuno, D.Bosanska, and M. Rupp, "Simulating the Long Term Evolution Physical Layer," in Proc. of the 17th European Signal processing conference (EUSIPCO 2009), Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 2009.
[6] H. Fattah and H. Alnuweiri, “A Cross-Layer Design for Dynamic Resource Block Allocation in 3G Long Term Evolution System,” Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, IEEE, pp.929-934, Oct 2009.
[7] S. Schwarz, C. Mehlfuhrer and M. Rupp, “Low Complexity Approximate Maximum Throughput Scheduling for LTE,” 44th Annual Asilomar conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, California, USA, 2010.
[8] JM Holtzman, QUALCOMM Inc., “Asymptotic Analysis of Proportional Fair Algorithm,” Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE PIMRC), vol. 2, page(s): F-33-F-37, Aug. 2001.
[9] R. Basukala, H.A. Mohd Ramli, and K. Sandrasegaran, “Performance Analysis of EXP/PF and M-LWDF in Downlink 3GPP LTE System,” in Proc. of the 1st Asian Himalayas International Conference on Internet (AH-ICI’09), pp.1-5, Aug. 2009.
[10] O. Nwamadi, X. Zhu and A. K. Nandi, “Dynamic Physical Resource Block Allocation Algorithms for Uplink Long Term Evolution,” in proc. 16th European signal processing conference, Eusipco, Lausanne, Aug. 2011.
[11] 3GPP TS 23.107, Quality of Service (QoS) Concept and Architecture, ver. 3.9.0.
[12] Agilent Technologies, “3GPP Long Term Evolution: System Overview, Product Development and Test Challenges,” pp.81-86, June 2009.
[13] “The Network Simulator ns-3” (NS-3). Retrieved:
http://www.nsnam.org/docs/release/3.13/tutorial/singlehtml/index.html,
February 2012.
[14] “Ns-3 LTE Module Documentation-LENA M2 Documentation” Open Source Project. Retrieved: http://lena.cttc.es/manual/ , February 2012.		zh_TW