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題名 兩岸經濟協議和哥美自由貿易協定的比較分析:政治貿易
A comparative analysis of Taiwan-China’s ECFA and Colombia-United States’ FTA: Politicized trade.
作者 如美風
Natalia Ladino Ricardo
貢獻者 劉德海
Liou, To Hai
如美風
Natalia Ladino Ricardo
關鍵詞 兩岸
經濟
協議
哥倫比亞
美國
臺灣
中國
ECFA
優惠
貿易
協定
ECFA
Preferential
Trade
Agreement
United
States
Colombia
Taiwan
China
Cross
strait
relations
日期 2012
上傳時間 2-Jan-2013 13:41:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 作為世界經濟的全球化和區域化趨勢的一部分，哥倫比亞和台灣開始的優惠貿易協定的談判與各自的周邊大國 - 美國和中國。
As part of the globalization of world economy and the growing regionalization trend, Colombia and Taiwan started the negotiation of Preferential Trade Agreements with their respective neighboring powers -the United States and China-, in a process in which individual and regional interests are at stake.
This work argues that the will of creating a PTA is motivated by strategic interaction and strong political consideration under the logic of “politicized trade”from the US and China`s side; while for Taiwan and Colombia it is the
need of improving their economic ties with the rest of the world as well as their positions in the international order.
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Bibliography in Chinese

史惠慈 2010. 不能沒有ECFA: 東亞區域經濟整合對臺灣的挑戰. (臺北市: 財團法人兩岸交流遠景基金會).

Online Documents in Chinese

中華民國外交部http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=45863&ctNode=2189&mp=1
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
97253035
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0972530351
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉德海zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liou, To Haien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 如美風zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Natalia Ladino Ricardoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 如美風zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Natalia Ladino Ricardoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jan-2013 13:41:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jan-2013 13:41:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jan-2013 13:41:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0972530351en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/56551-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97253035zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 作為世界經濟的全球化和區域化趨勢的一部分，哥倫比亞和台灣開始的優惠貿易協定的談判與各自的周邊大國 - 美國和中國。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As part of the globalization of world economy and the growing regionalization trend, Colombia and Taiwan started the negotiation of Preferential Trade Agreements with their respective neighboring powers -the United States and China-, in a process in which individual and regional interests are at stake.
This work argues that the will of creating a PTA is motivated by strategic interaction and strong political consideration under the logic of “politicized trade”from the US and China`s side; while for Taiwan and Colombia it is the
need of improving their economic ties with the rest of the world as well as their positions in the international order.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents ABSTRACT................................1
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................2

I INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………..5
Defining a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA)………………………………..8
Table 1 Balassa’s Stages of Economic Integration…………………………...................................10

II TAIWAN’S AND COLOMBIA´S POLITICAL ECONOMY AND FOREIGN POLICY……………………………………………………………………….................................16
Table 2 Taiwan’s and Colombia’s Political Economy……………………………….16
Taiwan’s Political System………………………………………………………...........................16
The Developmental State in Taiwan……………………………………..........................18
Colombia’s Political System...…………………………………………………………...............21
Economic structures: Export-oriented model vs. ISI…………………………………………..23
Taiwan’s Economic Structure……………………………………………………………...24
Colombia’s Economic Structure …………………………………………….....................28
WTO and Economic Policy for Taiwan and Colombia………………….........................33
Taiwan’s and Colombia’s Foreign policy……………………………………………………….37
Table 3 Taiwan’s and Colombia’s Foreign Policy…………………………………38
Foreign Policy Protagonists in Taiwan…………………………………………………....38
Foreign Policy Protagonists in Colombia…………………………………........................40
Foreign Policy Powers in Taiwan……………………………………………………….....42
Foreign Policy Powers in Colombia…………………………………………………….....46
Foreign Policy Stakeholding Constituencies and Formation in Taiwan…....................51
Foreign Policy Stakeholding Constituencies and Formation in Colombia…………………………………………………………………………………….56
Taiwan’s Participation in International Organizations..................................................60
Colombia’s Participation in International Organizations...............................................64
Taiwan’s Diplomatic Allies............................................................................................67
Colombia’s Diplomatic Allies…….................................................................................70


III COLOMBIA’S AND TAIWAN’S BILATERAL RELATION WITH NEIGHBORING POWERS AND THEIR PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS………………...............73
Table 4 Taiwan-China ECFA and Colombia-US FTA compared…………………………....74
Colombia, the United States and the Free Trade Agreement………………………………..75
Colombia-United States Bilateral Relation……………………………………………....75
Free Trade Agreement’s Scope and Approach………………………………………....76
Non-economic Factors in the Free Trade Agreement……………………………….....78
Taiwan, China and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)…………..89
Taiwan-China Bilateral Relation…………………………………………………………..89
The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)...………………………..91
ECFA’s Scope and Approach……………………………………………………………..93
The Controversy around ECFA…………………………………………………………...96
Non-economic factors in ECFA…………………………………………………………...98
Chapter Remarks………………………………………………………………………………..102

IV THE EFFECT OF PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON COLOMBIA’S AND TAIWAN’S REGIONAL RELATIONS………………………………………………………...105
The Regionalization of World economy………………………………………………….......105
Table 5 Taiwan’s and Colombia’s Regional Relations and the PTAs…………………….106
Regionalism in South America and Colombia’s Regional Relations………………………107
US-Colombia FTA’s Effect on Colombia’s Regional Relations………………………….109
Regionalism in East Asia and Taiwan’s Regional Relations………………………............112
Taiwan-China ECFA’s Effect on Taiwan’s Regional Relations……………………..113
Table 6 East Asian Economic Integration…………………………………………………...116
Chapter Remarks………………………………………………………………………………117

V CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS……….…………………..…..119
Potential Contributions…………………………………………………………………..........124

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………...........128

APPENDIX A Map of the Americas...................................................................…...........143
APPENDIX B Map of East Asia.......................................................................................144
APPENDIX C Text of the Economic Cooperation Framework
Agreement (ECFA)……………………………….……………………………………...........145
APPENDIX D Summary of the Text of the Colombia-US
Free Trade Agreement…………………………………………………………………..........152		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0972530351en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兩岸zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 協議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 哥倫比亞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ECFAzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優惠zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貿易zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ECFAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Preferentialen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tradeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Agreementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Uniteden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Statesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Colombiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Crossen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) straiten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) relationsen_US
dc.title (題名) 兩岸經濟協議和哥美自由貿易協定的比較分析:政治貿易zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A comparative analysis of Taiwan-China’s ECFA and Colombia-United States’ FTA: Politicized trade.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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Peng, Shin-Yi. (1997-1998). Economic Relations between Taiwan and Southeast Asia: A Review of Taiwan`s Go South Policy. 16 Wisconsin International Law Journal 639.
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Ravenhill, John. (2010). “ECFA, Taiwan and the WTO”. Presentation in the Conference Beyond ECFA: Taiwan and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific. Institute for National Policy Research, October 29, 2010.

Robinson, Cordel. (1994). Colombia`s International Relations: A Search for an Independent Role. Latin American Research Review , Vol. 29, No. 3. Pp. 265-268.

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Tussie, D. (2009). Latin America: contrasting motivations for regional projects. Review of International Studies, 35, 169-188.

Wang, Vincent. (1995). “Developing the Information Industry in Taiwan: Entrepreneurial State, Guerrilla Capitalists, and Accommodative Technologists” Pacific Affairs 68 (4). Pp. 551-576.

Wang, Vincent. (2009). A Modus Vivendi for Taiwan’s “International Space” under the Ma Administration? A Functional-Competence Model for Taiwan’s Participation in International Organizations. Paper presented at the International Conference, “Taipei, Beijing, and the Overseas Chinese / Compatriots in the Context of International / Global Governance, Regimes, and Globalization,” Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 14-15 March 2009.

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Yeh, Ching-chuan. (2010). “What Ma administration and Beijing government expect from ECFA and their strategic concern” in Deconstructing ECFA: Challenges and Opportunities for Taiwan. (Chih-Cheng Lo, Tien-Wang Tsaur Eds.) (Taipei: Taiwan Brain Trust) Pp. 59-62.
Zhao, Hong. (2010). “East Asian Regional Integration and Taiwan-ASEAN Economic Relations”. Presentation in the Conference Beyond ECFA: Taiwan and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific. Institute for National Policy Research, October 29, 2010.


Online Documents in English


Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China (Taiwan) (1993). Foreign Trade Act. Retrieved from the Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China website http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=J0090004

Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China (Taiwan) (2000). Year 2000. Foreign Trade Development of the Republic of China. Retrieved from the Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China website http://eweb.trade.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=2

Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China (Taiwan) (2010). Trade Statistics. Retrieved from the Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China website http://cus93.trade.gov.tw/ENGLISH/FSCE/

Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China (Taiwan) (2012). Trade Statistics. Retrieved from the Bureau of Foreign Trade Republic of China website http://cus93.trade.gov.tw/ENGLISH/FSCE/

Burns, Nicholas. (2007). Remarks to the Council of the Americas “Promoting Peace and Prosperity in Colombia”. October 22, 2007. New York. Retrieved from the Americas Society / Council of the Americas website http://www.as-coa.org/article.php?id=648

Chen Shui-bian (2000, May 20).Inauguration speech. Retrieved from http://ken_davies.tripod.com/inaugural.html

Chu, Yun-Han. (2012). “Unraveling the Enigma of East Asian Economic Resiliency: The Case of Taiwan” in The Second East Asian Miracle? Political Economy of Asian Responses to the 1997/98 and 2008/09 Crises. JICA-RI Working Paper No. 44.

Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America. (2003) China Not to Abandon Use of Force If Taiwan Seeks Independence. Retrieved from the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States of America website http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/twwt/t36719.htm

European Commission (2007). Colombia’s Country Strategy Paper 2007-2013. Retrieved from the European Union website http://eeas.europa.eu/colombia/csp/07_13_en.pdf

European Union (2012). External Action – Republic of Colombia. Retrieved from the European Union website http://eeas.europa.eu/colombia/index_en.htm

Global Views Survey Research Center (2010) Survey on Signed Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Agreement, People`s Views on Unification-Independence Issue, and President Ma Ying-jeou`s Approval Rating. Retrieved from Taiwan Security Research website http://www.taiwansecurity.org/2010/GVMaApproval_ECFA-072810.pdf

Göbel, Christian. (2001). Towards a Consolidated Democracy? Informal and Formal Institutions in Taiwan`s Political Process. Paper prepared for the Conference Group on Taiwan Studies at the APSA Annual Meeting 2001, San Francisco. Retrieved from https://www.soas.ac.uk/taiwanstudies/workingpapers/file24471.pdf

Hufbauer, Gary Clyde. (2008). The Fair Play Debate: Free Trade. The National Interest May-June 2008.
Retrieved from http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-fair-play-debate-free-trade-2052

International Trade Administration. (2012). U.S Export Fact Sheet. Retrieved from the U.S International Trade Administration website http://trade.gov/press/press-releases/2012/export-factsheet-may2012-051012.pdf

Lin Xia Ru (林夏如). (2010). National identity, economic interest and Taiwan`s cross-strait economic policy 1994-2009 [Postgraduate Thesis]. Retrieved from http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/57614

Liou, To-hai. (2010). “Cross-Straits Economic Relations under Ma Ying-jeou”, Trading Arrangements in the Pacific Rim, (Vol. 4). (Oxford University Press). Pp. 1-29. Retrieved from http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Law/?view=usa&ci=0379008556

Ma, Ying-jeou. (2009, April 29). The Taiwan Relations Act: Turning a new chapter. [Speech] Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved from the Center for Strategic and International Studies website
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/events/090422_ma_speech.pdf

Mainland Affairs Council. (2009). Mainland Policy. Retrieved from the Mainland Affairs Council website http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=67800&ctNode=6607&mp=3

Mainland Affairs Council. (2010). Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement ECFA. Retrieved from the Mainland Affairs Council website http://www.mac.gov.tw/public/data/051116322071.pdf

Minh, Tran Quang. (2010). Towards an FTA between Taiwan and ASEAN: Opportunities and Approaches. 兩岸經濟協議與台灣、大陸、東協關係之探討 (August-2010). Pp. 28-39. Retrieved from http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/OUTLOOK002_03.pdf

Ministry of Commerce People’s Republic of China (2010). Trade with countries and regions in Asia. Retrieved from the Ministry of Commerce People’s Republic of China website http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/static/column/statistic/AsiaAfrica.html/1

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). (2009). Partnerships for Progress and Sustainable Development. White Paper on Foreign Aid Policy. Retrieved from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/public/Attachment/991021151971.pdf

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). (2010). Foreign Policy Guidelines. Retrieved from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) website http://www.mofa.gov.tw/EnOfficial/ArticleDetail/DetailDefault/?opno=7ad697c1-4dc1-4ba7-abc1-c71eff5f7e8c

Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2009). US trade representative receives public comments concerning pending Colombia, Korea Free Trade Agreements. Retrieved from the Office of the United States Trade Representative website http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2009/september/ustr-receives-public-comments-concerning-pending

Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2010). National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers. Retrieved from the Office of the United States Trade Representative website
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Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2011). Colombia. Retrieved from the Office of the United States Trade Representative website http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/americas/colombia
Podur, Justin. (2009). Canada Colombia Free Trade Agreement, Some Questions and Answers. Retrieved from http://www.zcommunications.org/znet/viewArticle/21627

Prieto German (2003). Constructing regionalism in South America: the role of ideas in the Andean Community and Mercosur projects. Colombian Economic Journal, No 1. Retrieved from http://www.fce.unal.edu.co/cej/number1.asp

Roberts, J. (2008) The US-Colombia FTA: Strengthening a good friend in a rough neighborhood.
Executive Summary Backgrounded, 2129. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from
http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/13491.pdf

Rosen, Daniel; Wang Zhi. (2010). Deepening China-Taiwan Relations through the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (Policy brief 10-16) Retrieved from http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb10-16.pdf

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the U.S (2010, June 19). President Ma calls on mainland China to not block Taiwan from signing FTAs. Retrieved from Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the U.S website http://www.roc-taiwan.org/US/ct.asp?xItem=146814&ctNode=2300&mp=12

Taiwan-ASEAN studies Center (2012). 2011 Taiwan-ASEAN Trade Statistics. Retrieved from the Taiwan-ASEAN studies Center website http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/en/TAstatisticsDetail.aspx?id_statistics=32

United States Census Bureau. (2011). Trade in Goods with Colombia. Retrieved from the United States Census Bureau website http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c3010.html

White House. (2009, June 29). Remarks by president Obama and president Uribe of Colombia in joint press availability. Retrieved from the White House website
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World Trade Organization (2012). Regional Trde Agreements. Retrieved from the World Trade Organization website http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm


Online Journal Articles in English


Brown, David G. (2009). "China-Taiwan Relations: Moving Relations toward a New Level". Comparative Connections, 11, No.2, 2nd Quarter, Pp. 87-96. Retrieved from http://www.csis.org/pacfor/ccejournal.html

Collier, M. (2008). Free Trade with Colombia: A misguided approach. Washington Report on the Hemisphere. Vol. 28 (14). Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1536324051&Fmt=3&clientId=17319&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Francis, Smitha; Kallummal, Murali. (2006). US Bilateralism in Southeast Asia: A Sectoral Analysis of Market Access Issues in the Proposed Thai-US Free Trade Agreement. The Ideas Working Paper Series. Retrieved from http://www.networkideas.org/working/oct2006/04_2006.pdf

Tsai, Pang-Long. (1999). Explaining Taiwan’s economic miracle: Are the revisionist right? Agenda Vol. 6, Number 1. Pp. 69-82. Retrieved from http://epress.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/6-1-A-7.pdf


Online Newspaper Articles in English


Bumiller, Elisabeth (2008). McCain Sees Progress against Drug Shipments. The New York Times Retrieved from http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/in-columbia-mccain-sees-progress-against-drug-shipments/

Castaneda, Sebastian. (2011, April 1). Juan Manuel Santos moves to diversify Foreign Policy. World Politics Review. Retrieved from http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8383/colombias-santos-moves-to-diversify-foreign-policy

China Post (2010, January 1). Cross-strait peace deal is not possible at present: Ma. China Post. Retrieved from
http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan-relations/2010/01/01/238875/Cross-strait-peace.htm

CNN World (2001, November 11). China warns Taiwan against WTO `tricks`. CNN World. Retrieved from http://articles.cnn.com/2001-11-11/world/china.taiwto_1_china-principle-taiwan-strait-president-chen?_s=PM:asiapcf

Frew, A. (2001, October 19). Taiwan pulls out of APEC Shanghai Summit. CNN.com. Retrieved from http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/10/18/apec.taiwan.china/index.html

Gallagher, Kevin. (2008, April 9) Congress is right to oppose trade deal with Colombia. Reuters. Retrieved from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSDIS95196720080409

Global Financial Newswires (2011, October 13). US Congress Approves FTAs With S. Korea, Colombia, Panama. RTT News. Retrieved from http://www.rttnews.com/1732849/us-congress-approves-ftas-with-s-korea-colombia-panama.aspx?pageNum=1

Hong, Honigmann. (2010, January 20). The hole in the ECFA argument. Taipei Times. Retrieved from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2010/01/20/2003463956

Ko Shu-ling (2009, November 20). ECFA will reduce the chance of war: Ma. Taipei Times. Retrieved from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2009/11/20/2003458946

Manila Standard (1997, December 4) China blasts Taiwan´s seduction of Latin nations. Manila Standard. Retrieved from http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19971204&id=JFMbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_UoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1930,409336

Merco Press. (2003, September 8). US could resort to bilateralism. Mercopress. Retrieved from http://en.mercopress.com/2003/09/08/us-could-resort-to-bilateralism
Peng, Weixue (2010, January 21). A Breakthrough Year in Cross-Straits Relation. Beijing Review. Retrieved from http://www.bjreview.com.cn/forum/txt/2010-01/15/content_240367.htm

Peters, M., Paley, D. (2008, September 15). Free Trade or False Logic? Exploring the Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement. The Dominion. Retrieved from http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/2037

Reuters. (2012, January 14). Taiwan Re-elects President. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/14/us-taiwan-election-idUSTRE80D07620120114

Romero, Simon. (2011, March 5). Colombia Leader Seeks Wide-Ranging Changes, and Looks Beyond the U.S. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://travel.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/world/americas/06colombia.html?_r=1pagewanted=print&

Wilson, Peter. (2006, April 19). Venezuela to Withdraw From Andean Free Trade Group. Bloomberg. Retrieved from
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=akFZvMSnew8s&refer=redirectoldpage


Wu Tsen His. (2010, June 28). ECFA: The Beginning of the End of Taiwan Democracy?
One hundred thousand Taiwanese take the streets to protest Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement. The Epoch Times. Retrieved from http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/world/ecfa-the-beginning-of-the-end-of-taiwan-democracy-38173.html

Yang, Ted. (2010, April 26). Economists add their voices against ECFA. Taipei Times. Retrieved from
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2010/04/26/2003471534


Bibliography in Chinese

史惠慈 2010. 不能沒有ECFA: 東亞區域經濟整合對臺灣的挑戰. (臺北市: 財團法人兩岸交流遠景基金會).

Online Documents in Chinese

中華民國外交部http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=45863&ctNode=2189&mp=1		zh_TW