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題名 從Mexico-Soft Drinks案分析WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制之比較與管轄衝突
Analysis of the comparision of WTO and NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism and jurisdictional conflicts-From Mexico-Soft Drinks case analysis
作者 胡美蓁
貢獻者 許耀明
胡美蓁
關鍵詞 爭端解決機制
世界貿易組織
區域貿易協定
北美自由貿易協定
墨西哥飲料案
dispute settlement mechanism
WTO
RTA
NAFTA
Mexico-Soft Drinks
日期 2012
上傳時間 1-May-2013 11:43:05 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來,國際法規範多元化擴展,除了原有之國際貿易協定組織如「世界貿易組織」(WTO)外,區域貿易協定(RTAs)也隨之蓬勃發展,一時間蔚為國際風潮。因為RTA之興起,爭端解決之機構也隨之大幅增加。RTAs雖是在關稅暨貿易總協定第24條規定下有條件建立的區域貿易體系,但大部分的RTAs有其自已的貿易爭端解決機制。一方面,在國際的貿易爭端,WTO與RTA均具有管轄權,也產生管轄衝突。另一方面,由於WTO之法律規範中,並未規定WTO-RTA爭端解決機制之互動關係,使得爭端解決機構在平行的爭端解決程序下審理同一或類似義務時,可能產生裁判衝突。因此,為了國際貿易關係的安全及可預測性,惟有正視並思考使二個爭端解決系統之間能夠兼容並存的互動,管轄權重疊的議題得以有效率的處理,始有助於避免在WTO和RTAs間爭端解決所引起的可能潛在問題。
在Mexico-Soft Drinks案中,同屬北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)會員國之美國及墨西哥,因NAFTA協議衍生貿易紛爭,美國遂就該爭端向WTO提出控訴。由於墨西哥就兩國之爭端已先向NAFTA提出控訴,故墨西哥在WTO之爭端解決程序中主張WTO應不受理本案,而應由NAFTA爭端解決機構處理,才能使該案獲得澈底解決。惟WTO不僅受理本案之審理,且WTO小組及上訴機構之裁決,均一致地肯定WTO對本案之管轄權。從WTO對本案例的裁決,可觀察到WTO爭端解決機構均以WTO體系及「爭端解決程序與規則瞭解書」規範作為判斷基礎,並未考量WTO-RTA管轄權可能產生的衝突,以及因為衝突可能對全球貿易秩序所造成之影響。然在本案中,上訴機構提出「法律障礙」之概念,本文嘗試探討「法律障礙」能否成為WTO拒絕審理之事由,進而承認RTA之管轄,以減少WTO-RTA管轄衝突所造成之影響,使得WTO爭端解決機構採取開放與包容的態度,尊重RTA爭端解決機制之裁決,才能WTO與RTA爭端解決機制能相互尊重及兼容併存,確保國際貿易之安全及可預測性。
In recent decades, the norms of international law diversify,in addition to the previous WTO ,RTA also flourished and became the international trends.Because of RTA’s rising,dispute settlement bodies have increased significantly,but most of RTAs have their own dispute settlement mechanisms.On the one hand,WTO and RTA have jurisdiction also generate conflicts of jurisdiction in international trade disputes. On the other hand, WTO law does not provide the interaction rule to resolve the conflicts between WTO-RTA dispute settlement mechanisms,thus, the Dispute Settlement Body under the parallel trial of the same or similar obligations, referee conflicts may arise.Therefor, only to think about the interactive issues of overlapping jurisdiction of the two dispute settlement systems can helps to avoid the potential issues.
In Mexico-Soft Drinks case, the United States and Mexico are both the Member States of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico filed a complaint to NAFTA first, because of the disputes of NAFTA agreement,the United States then complaint to WTO in respect of the dispute. Therefore, Mexico argued that the case should not be accepted the case in WTO dispute settlement procedures, but by the NAFTA dispute settlement body, in order to make the case to get thoroughly resolved.But WTO did not accept Mexico’s claim, the rulings of WTO panel and Appellate Body were unanimously affirmed that WTO has the jurisdiction of the case.By this case,we knew that WTO identified as the jurisdiction of a dispute by “Understandin On Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes “(DSU) and Dispute Settlement Body(DSB), but did not consider the jurisdiction of WTO-RTA may arise conflicts, as well as the conflicts may be caused by the impact of the global trade order. However, in this case, the Appellate Body put forward the concept of "legal impediment", this article attempts to explore "legal impediment" where could make WTO reject the trial, and then recognize the the RTA jurisdiction, in order to reduce the impact of WTO-RTA jurisdictional conflicts.If WTO Dispute Settlement Body would like to have an open attitude to respect the ruling of RTA ,then, it is possible to make the mutual respect and co-exist between WTO and RTA dispute settlement mechanisms, and to ensure the security and predictability of international trade.
參考文獻 壹、中文部分
一、專書(以下均依作者姓氏筆劃排列)
林彩瑜,2011,《WTO制度與實務-世界貿易組織法律研究(三)》。台北:元照出版公司。
洪德欽,2005,《WTO法律與政策專題研究》。台北:新學林出版。
黃立、李貴英、林彩瑜,2005,《WTO國際貿易法論》。台北:元照出版公司。
羅昌發,2010,《國際貿易法》。台北:元照出版公司。
二、期刊論文
林彩瑜,2004,〈論WTO與區域貿易協定爭端解決機制之衝突與調和〉。《臺大法學論叢》第40卷第1期。
何志鵬、隽薪,2011,〈WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制管轄權衝突研究〉。《世界貿易組織動態與研究》第18卷第2期。
王震宇,2001,〈WTO與區域貿易協定之締結與適用-從最高行政法院96年度判字第1986號判決談起〉。《月日法學雜誌》第195期。
王震宇,2012,〈區域貿易協定下反傾銷及平衡措施之實證研究〉。《台北大學法學論論叢》第81期。
洪德欽,2000,〈區域經濟整合與GATT/WTO〉。《國立臺灣大學法學論叢》第29卷第4期。
沈木珠、逯婷婷,2008,〈WTO多邊貿易體制與區域自由貿易協定的衝突與協調〉。《南京大財經大學學報》第149期。
紀文華、黃萃,2006,〈從案例看WTO如何處理RTA爭端管轄權問題〉。《河北法學雜誌》第24卷第11期。
施文真,2005,〈由智利-劍魚案論環保貿易措施所引發之爭端:管轄權衝突之探討〉。《政大法學評論》第86期。
柯春共,2005,〈區域自由貿易協定主要類型之研析〉。《問題與研究》第44卷第2期。
郭曉剛,2010,〈WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制的比較〉。《山西大同大學學報(社會科學版)》第24卷第3期。
劉鐡錚,1997,〈論國際管轄權衝突之防止〉。《政大法學評論》第15期。
嚴蓉,2010,〈區域貿易協定與WTO解決機制的管轄權博奕〉。《國際經濟法學叢刊》第17卷第3期。
中華經濟研究院(台灣WTO中心),2011,〈WTO與自由貿易協定爭端解決機制規範與實務運用之比較:主要國家之策略與經驗〉。《經濟部國際貿易局/外交部委託專題研究》(5)。
三、碩博士論文
吳岱蓉,2011,《WTO爭端解決機制之研究─以爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書(DSU)之改革為中心》。中正大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
徐耀浤, 2004,《國際解決投資爭端中心管轄權問題及其改革之研究-兼論WTO納入投資人與地主國爭端解決機制之展望》。政治大學國際貿易研究所 碩士論文。
陳俊銘,2008,《世界貿易組織與區域貿易協定管轄權衝突之調和方式》。台灣大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
趙堅集,2003,《論違反協定與未違反協定之控訴-以世界貿易組織之法制為中心》。中正大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
四、網站資料
國家圖書館全球資訊網,http://www.ncl.edu.tw/.
法源法律網,http://www.lawbank.com.tw/index.php/.
月旦法學資識庫,http://www.lawdata.com.tw/.
世界貿易組織官方網站,http://www.wto.org/.

貳、西文部分
Andrew D Mitchell,The Legal Basis for Using Principles in WTO Disputes,Journal of International Econmic Law,795-835,doi:10-1093/jiel/jgn037.
Andrew D Mitchell,Good Faith in WTO Dispute Settlement,Melbourne Journal of Internaional Law,Vol.7,(2006).
A.L.C de Mestral,NAFTA Dispute Settlement:Creative Experim Or Comfusion,Draft,2005-06-08.
David A. Gantz,Dispute Settlement Under The NAFTA And The WTO:Choice Of Form Opportunities And Risks For The NAFTA Parties, Aerican University Inernational Law Review,14,4(1999).
David Morgan,Dispute Settlement under PTAs:Political or Legal?,Printed Material-Free Trade Agreements,Melbourne Law School(2007)261.
Henry Gao and C. L. Lim, Saving The WTO From The Risk Of Irrelevance: The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism As A ‘Commongood’ For RTA Disputes, Journal of International Economic Law, 1–27,doi:10.1093/jiel/jgn036.
Joost Pauwelyn & Luiz Eduardo Salles,Forum Shopping Before International Tribunals(Real)Concerns,(Im) Possible Solutions,42 CORNELL INT’L L. J. (2009).
Joost Pauwelyn,Going Globa,Regional,or Both?Dispute Settlement in the South American Development Community(SADC)and Overlaps with the WTO and Other Jurisdictions,Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 231,(2003).
Julia Ya Qin,Managing Conflicts between Rullings of WTO and Tribunals:Reflections on the Brazil-Tyres Case, Wayne State Univ. L. Sch. Legal Studies Research Paper Series No.09-24, (2009).
Kyung Kwak and Gabrielle Marceau,Overlaps and Conflicts of Jurisdiction between the WTO and RTAs,Conference on Regional Trade Agreements World Trade Organization,26,April,2002.
Lorand Bartels,The Separation of Power in the WTO:How to Avoid Judical Activism,53 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 861,(2004).
Mexico-Tax Measures On Soft Drinks And Other Beverages,WTO Panel Report, WT/DS308?R,7 October 2005 .
Mexico-Tax Measures On Soft Drinks And Other Beverages,WTO Appellate Body Report,WT/DS308/AB/R.6 March 2006.
Nguyen Tan Son,Twords a Compatible Interaction between Dispute Settlement Under the WTO and Regional Trade Agreement,MqJBL(2008)Vol.5.
Tim Graewert,Conflicting Laws and Jurisdictions in the Dispute Settlement Process of Regional Trade Agreement and the WTO,1(2)CONTEMP.ASIA.ARB.J.287(2008).
William J. Davey & Andre’ Sapir , The Soft Drinks Case : The WTO and Regional Agreements ,8 WORLD TRADE REV.(2009).
World Trade Report 2011,The WTO and preferential trade agreements:From co-existence to coherence, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report11_e.pdf,17 Mar. 2013.
Yulia Ya Qin,Managing Conflicts Between Rulling Of WTO And RTA Tribunals:Reflections On The Brazil Case,Wayne State University Law School Legal Studies Reasearch Paper Series ,No. 09-24,,(2009).
Yuval Shany,The Competing Jurisdictions of International Courts and Tribunals ,(2003).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
99961039
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099961039
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許耀明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 胡美蓁zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 胡美蓁zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-May-2013 11:43:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-May-2013 11:43:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-May-2013 11:43:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099961039en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/57945-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 法學院碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99961039zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來,國際法規範多元化擴展,除了原有之國際貿易協定組織如「世界貿易組織」(WTO)外,區域貿易協定(RTAs)也隨之蓬勃發展,一時間蔚為國際風潮。因為RTA之興起,爭端解決之機構也隨之大幅增加。RTAs雖是在關稅暨貿易總協定第24條規定下有條件建立的區域貿易體系,但大部分的RTAs有其自已的貿易爭端解決機制。一方面,在國際的貿易爭端,WTO與RTA均具有管轄權,也產生管轄衝突。另一方面,由於WTO之法律規範中,並未規定WTO-RTA爭端解決機制之互動關係,使得爭端解決機構在平行的爭端解決程序下審理同一或類似義務時,可能產生裁判衝突。因此,為了國際貿易關係的安全及可預測性,惟有正視並思考使二個爭端解決系統之間能夠兼容並存的互動,管轄權重疊的議題得以有效率的處理,始有助於避免在WTO和RTAs間爭端解決所引起的可能潛在問題。
在Mexico-Soft Drinks案中,同屬北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)會員國之美國及墨西哥,因NAFTA協議衍生貿易紛爭,美國遂就該爭端向WTO提出控訴。由於墨西哥就兩國之爭端已先向NAFTA提出控訴,故墨西哥在WTO之爭端解決程序中主張WTO應不受理本案,而應由NAFTA爭端解決機構處理,才能使該案獲得澈底解決。惟WTO不僅受理本案之審理,且WTO小組及上訴機構之裁決,均一致地肯定WTO對本案之管轄權。從WTO對本案例的裁決,可觀察到WTO爭端解決機構均以WTO體系及「爭端解決程序與規則瞭解書」規範作為判斷基礎,並未考量WTO-RTA管轄權可能產生的衝突,以及因為衝突可能對全球貿易秩序所造成之影響。然在本案中,上訴機構提出「法律障礙」之概念,本文嘗試探討「法律障礙」能否成為WTO拒絕審理之事由,進而承認RTA之管轄,以減少WTO-RTA管轄衝突所造成之影響,使得WTO爭端解決機構採取開放與包容的態度,尊重RTA爭端解決機制之裁決,才能WTO與RTA爭端解決機制能相互尊重及兼容併存,確保國際貿易之安全及可預測性。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent decades, the norms of international law diversify,in addition to the previous WTO ,RTA also flourished and became the international trends.Because of RTA’s rising,dispute settlement bodies have increased significantly,but most of RTAs have their own dispute settlement mechanisms.On the one hand,WTO and RTA have jurisdiction also generate conflicts of jurisdiction in international trade disputes. On the other hand, WTO law does not provide the interaction rule to resolve the conflicts between WTO-RTA dispute settlement mechanisms,thus, the Dispute Settlement Body under the parallel trial of the same or similar obligations, referee conflicts may arise.Therefor, only to think about the interactive issues of overlapping jurisdiction of the two dispute settlement systems can helps to avoid the potential issues.
In Mexico-Soft Drinks case, the United States and Mexico are both the Member States of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico filed a complaint to NAFTA first, because of the disputes of NAFTA agreement,the United States then complaint to WTO in respect of the dispute. Therefore, Mexico argued that the case should not be accepted the case in WTO dispute settlement procedures, but by the NAFTA dispute settlement body, in order to make the case to get thoroughly resolved.But WTO did not accept Mexico’s claim, the rulings of WTO panel and Appellate Body were unanimously affirmed that WTO has the jurisdiction of the case.By this case,we knew that WTO identified as the jurisdiction of a dispute by “Understandin On Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes “(DSU) and Dispute Settlement Body(DSB), but did not consider the jurisdiction of WTO-RTA may arise conflicts, as well as the conflicts may be caused by the impact of the global trade order. However, in this case, the Appellate Body put forward the concept of "legal impediment", this article attempts to explore "legal impediment" where could make WTO reject the trial, and then recognize the the RTA jurisdiction, in order to reduce the impact of WTO-RTA jurisdictional conflicts.If WTO Dispute Settlement Body would like to have an open attitude to respect the ruling of RTA ,then, it is possible to make the mutual respect and co-exist between WTO and RTA dispute settlement mechanisms, and to ensure the security and predictability of international trade.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 中文摘要 i
英文摘要Abstract ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表索引 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 3
第三節 研究方法與範圍 5
第四節 論文架構 7
第二章 WTO與RTAs管轄權衝突之探討 8
第一節 WTO與RTAs之關係 8
第一項 WTO有關RTAs之法律規定 8
第二項 RTAs對WTO之衝擊 11
第二節 WTO-RTA爭端解決機制之重疊與衝突 17
第一項 解析WTO-RTA管轄權衝突 17
第二項 WTO-RTA爭端解決機制重疊之潛在問題 21
第三節 調和WTO-RTA管轄權衝突 23
第一項 國際私法之原則援引 23
第二項 一般原理法律原則之適用 26
第四節 小結 32
第三章 WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制 34
第一節 WTO爭端解決機制 34
第一項 WTO爭端解決體系之主要機構 35
第二項 爭端解決程序 37
第二節 NAFTA爭端解決機制 52
第一項 爭端解決之主要機構 52
第二項 爭端解決機制程序 55
第三節 WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制之異同 62
第一項 共通性 62
第二項 差異性 64
第四節 WTO-RTA場域之選擇 70
第一項 WTO的固有管轄權 70
第二項 RTA場域排除條款 72
第五節 小結 76
第四章 Mexico-Soft Drinks案之管轄爭端 77
第一節 Mexico-Soft Drinks案之介紹 77
第一項 案例事實 77
第二項 爭端處理過程 78
第三項 裁決與上訴 79
第二節 本案例之實體爭論 81
第一項 美國之主張 81
第二項 墨西哥之主張 82
第三項 WTO之裁決-實體部分 83
第三節 Mexico-Soft Drinks 案管轄權之爭論 86
第一項 小組審查程序之爭論及裁決 86
第二項 上訴程序之爭論及裁決 91
第四節 從Mexico-Soft Drinks案分析WTO-RTA管轄權衝突 94
第一項 關於管轄權裁決之分析 94
第二項 法律障礙之運用 95
第五節 小結 98
第五章 觀察結論與研究心得 99
第一節 觀察結論 99
第一項 WTO會員國運用爭端解決機制之觀察 99
第二項 結論 104
第二節 研究心得 108
参考文獻 111
附 錄 115
附錄1:爭端解決程序與規則瞭解書 115
附錄2:NAFTA Chapter Twenty 145
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 768783 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099961039en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 爭端解決機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界貿易組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區域貿易協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北美自由貿易協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 墨西哥飲料案zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) dispute settlement mechanismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTOen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) RTAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NAFTAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mexico-Soft Drinksen_US
dc.title (題名) 從Mexico-Soft Drinks案分析WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制之比較與管轄衝突zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Analysis of the comparision of WTO and NAFTA dispute settlement mechanism and jurisdictional conflicts-From Mexico-Soft Drinks case analysisen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分
一、專書(以下均依作者姓氏筆劃排列)
林彩瑜,2011,《WTO制度與實務-世界貿易組織法律研究(三)》。台北:元照出版公司。
洪德欽,2005,《WTO法律與政策專題研究》。台北:新學林出版。
黃立、李貴英、林彩瑜,2005,《WTO國際貿易法論》。台北:元照出版公司。
羅昌發,2010,《國際貿易法》。台北:元照出版公司。
二、期刊論文
林彩瑜,2004,〈論WTO與區域貿易協定爭端解決機制之衝突與調和〉。《臺大法學論叢》第40卷第1期。
何志鵬、隽薪,2011,〈WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制管轄權衝突研究〉。《世界貿易組織動態與研究》第18卷第2期。
王震宇,2001,〈WTO與區域貿易協定之締結與適用-從最高行政法院96年度判字第1986號判決談起〉。《月日法學雜誌》第195期。
王震宇,2012,〈區域貿易協定下反傾銷及平衡措施之實證研究〉。《台北大學法學論論叢》第81期。
洪德欽,2000,〈區域經濟整合與GATT/WTO〉。《國立臺灣大學法學論叢》第29卷第4期。
沈木珠、逯婷婷,2008,〈WTO多邊貿易體制與區域自由貿易協定的衝突與協調〉。《南京大財經大學學報》第149期。
紀文華、黃萃,2006,〈從案例看WTO如何處理RTA爭端管轄權問題〉。《河北法學雜誌》第24卷第11期。
施文真,2005,〈由智利-劍魚案論環保貿易措施所引發之爭端:管轄權衝突之探討〉。《政大法學評論》第86期。
柯春共,2005,〈區域自由貿易協定主要類型之研析〉。《問題與研究》第44卷第2期。
郭曉剛,2010,〈WTO與NAFTA爭端解決機制的比較〉。《山西大同大學學報(社會科學版)》第24卷第3期。
劉鐡錚,1997,〈論國際管轄權衝突之防止〉。《政大法學評論》第15期。
嚴蓉,2010,〈區域貿易協定與WTO解決機制的管轄權博奕〉。《國際經濟法學叢刊》第17卷第3期。
中華經濟研究院(台灣WTO中心),2011,〈WTO與自由貿易協定爭端解決機制規範與實務運用之比較:主要國家之策略與經驗〉。《經濟部國際貿易局/外交部委託專題研究》(5)。
三、碩博士論文
吳岱蓉,2011,《WTO爭端解決機制之研究─以爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書(DSU)之改革為中心》。中正大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
徐耀浤, 2004,《國際解決投資爭端中心管轄權問題及其改革之研究-兼論WTO納入投資人與地主國爭端解決機制之展望》。政治大學國際貿易研究所 碩士論文。
陳俊銘,2008,《世界貿易組織與區域貿易協定管轄權衝突之調和方式》。台灣大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
趙堅集,2003,《論違反協定與未違反協定之控訴-以世界貿易組織之法制為中心》。中正大學法律學研究所 碩士論文。
四、網站資料
國家圖書館全球資訊網,http://www.ncl.edu.tw/.
法源法律網,http://www.lawbank.com.tw/index.php/.
月旦法學資識庫,http://www.lawdata.com.tw/.
世界貿易組織官方網站,http://www.wto.org/.

貳、西文部分
Andrew D Mitchell,The Legal Basis for Using Principles in WTO Disputes,Journal of International Econmic Law,795-835,doi:10-1093/jiel/jgn037.
Andrew D Mitchell,Good Faith in WTO Dispute Settlement,Melbourne Journal of Internaional Law,Vol.7,(2006).
A.L.C de Mestral,NAFTA Dispute Settlement:Creative Experim Or Comfusion,Draft,2005-06-08.
David A. Gantz,Dispute Settlement Under The NAFTA And The WTO:Choice Of Form Opportunities And Risks For The NAFTA Parties, Aerican University Inernational Law Review,14,4(1999).
David Morgan,Dispute Settlement under PTAs:Political or Legal?,Printed Material-Free Trade Agreements,Melbourne Law School(2007)261.
Henry Gao and C. L. Lim, Saving The WTO From The Risk Of Irrelevance: The WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism As A ‘Commongood’ For RTA Disputes, Journal of International Economic Law, 1–27,doi:10.1093/jiel/jgn036.
Joost Pauwelyn & Luiz Eduardo Salles,Forum Shopping Before International Tribunals(Real)Concerns,(Im) Possible Solutions,42 CORNELL INT’L L. J. (2009).
Joost Pauwelyn,Going Globa,Regional,or Both?Dispute Settlement in the South American Development Community(SADC)and Overlaps with the WTO and Other Jurisdictions,Minnesota Journal of Global Trade 231,(2003).
Julia Ya Qin,Managing Conflicts between Rullings of WTO and Tribunals:Reflections on the Brazil-Tyres Case, Wayne State Univ. L. Sch. Legal Studies Research Paper Series No.09-24, (2009).
Kyung Kwak and Gabrielle Marceau,Overlaps and Conflicts of Jurisdiction between the WTO and RTAs,Conference on Regional Trade Agreements World Trade Organization,26,April,2002.
Lorand Bartels,The Separation of Power in the WTO:How to Avoid Judical Activism,53 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 861,(2004).
Mexico-Tax Measures On Soft Drinks And Other Beverages,WTO Panel Report, WT/DS308?R,7 October 2005 .
Mexico-Tax Measures On Soft Drinks And Other Beverages,WTO Appellate Body Report,WT/DS308/AB/R.6 March 2006.
Nguyen Tan Son,Twords a Compatible Interaction between Dispute Settlement Under the WTO and Regional Trade Agreement,MqJBL(2008)Vol.5.
Tim Graewert,Conflicting Laws and Jurisdictions in the Dispute Settlement Process of Regional Trade Agreement and the WTO,1(2)CONTEMP.ASIA.ARB.J.287(2008).
William J. Davey & Andre’ Sapir , The Soft Drinks Case : The WTO and Regional Agreements ,8 WORLD TRADE REV.(2009).
World Trade Report 2011,The WTO and preferential trade agreements:From co-existence to coherence, http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report11_e.pdf,17 Mar. 2013.
Yulia Ya Qin,Managing Conflicts Between Rulling Of WTO And RTA Tribunals:Reflections On The Brazil Case,Wayne State University Law School Legal Studies Reasearch Paper Series ,No. 09-24,,(2009).
Yuval Shany,The Competing Jurisdictions of International Courts and Tribunals ,(2003).
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