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題名 14與18個月嬰兒理解他人的溝通意圖
Fourteen- and Eighteen-Month-Old Infants Understand Others` Communicative Intents
作者 簡嘉慧
Chien, Chia Hui
貢獻者 姜忠信
簡嘉慧
Chien, Chia Hui
關鍵詞 溝通意圖理解
嬰兒
非語言線索
眼神注視
手指指示
意圖性語音
communicative intentional understanding
infants
nonverbal cues
gazing
pointing
intentional vocalization
日期 2012
上傳時間 1-Jul-2013 17:32:54 (UTC+8)
摘要 理解他人的意圖，指的是理解他人的行為背後蘊含著一個希望達成的具體目標，是嬰兒社會認知發展中一項重要的基礎能力，而此能力的發展應具有跨文化一致性。然而，過去國內外研究結果顯示，台灣與西方嬰兒透過非語言線索理解他人溝通意圖的能力有明顯的落差。因此，本研究為了瞭解台灣嬰兒理解非語言線索的溝通意圖之能力，並找出可能導致上述不同研究結果的作業差異原因，將藉由兩項實驗來探討此議題。實驗一以藏物遊戲為實驗派典，觀察14與18個月的台灣嬰兒，在「眼神注視」、「手指指示」及「意圖性語音」三種非語言線索情境中，是否可藉由對線索溝通意圖的理解而找出隱藏的意圖目標物。結果發現14個月的台灣嬰兒，可理解他人「手指指示」線索的溝通意圖，但無法理解「眼神注視」與「意圖性語音」線索的溝通意圖，而18個月的台灣嬰兒則是可理解他人「眼神注視」線索的溝通意圖，但卻無法理解「手指指示」與「意圖性語音」線索的溝通意圖。為了排除藏物容器設計可能造成的干擾因素，實驗二調整了藏物容器裝置，以同樣的實驗方式觀察台灣嬰兒理解他人非語言線索溝通意圖的能力。結果發現，14個月的台灣嬰兒仍只能藉由「手指指示」線索理解他人的溝通意圖，但18個月的台灣嬰兒則已可透過「眼神注視」、「手指指示」及「意圖性語音」三種非語言線索理解他人的溝通意圖。此結果說明，台灣與西方嬰兒透過非語言線索理解他人溝通意圖的能力大致相同，即嬰兒理解他人溝通意圖的能力確實具有跨文化一致性。
Understanding the intents of others, to understand the existence of specific goals that people wish to achieve from their behaviors, is one of important basic abilities in the social cognitive development of an infant. The developmental time frames of such ability should be the same across cultures. However, previous domestic and overseas studies proposed that the abilities of infants to understand the communicative intents of others through nonverbal cues are different between Taiwanese and western cultures. Hence, in this study, two controlled experiments were conducted to explore the abilities of Taiwanese infants to understand the communicative intents of others through nonverbal cues and the factors of the tasks that may cause different results between domestic and overseas studies. In the first experiment, an experimenter used the cues of gazing, pointing, and intentional vocalization in a hiding-game task to examine whether fourteen- and eighteen-month-old Taiwanese infants could infer communicative intents expressed in the three nonverbal cues and find the hidden objects. Results showed that 14-month-old Taiwanese infants could only follow the cue of pointing to find the hidden objects, but not gazing or intentional vocalization. And 18-month-old Taiwanese infants could find the hidden objects by following only the cue of gazing. To exclude the possible interferences of the target containers, the experimenter used the same procedures and settings in the second experiment as the first one, but modified the containers to clarify the hiding-game task. Results showed that 14-month-old Taiwanese infants could still follow only the cue of pointing to find the hidden object, but 18-month-old Taiwanese infants successfully followed all three types of cues. Based on these findings, the abilities of infants to understand others’ communicative intents by following nonverbal cues are the same in Taiwanese and western cultures. That is, the developmental time frames of the abilities of infants to understand the communicative intents through nonverbal cues are the same across different cultures.
參考文獻 王瑾婷、姜忠信（2011）。16至20個月嬰幼兒對意圖線索的理解。中華心理學刊，53，149-166。
姜忠信（2000）。自閉症兒童意圖能力之研究。國立台灣大學心理學研究所，博士論文。
姜忠信、張閔翔（2008）。幼兒理解他人意圖的能力：語音及表情的線索。中華心理學刊，50，241-256。
張閔翔（2006）。嬰幼兒理解他人意圖與慾望能力之研究。國立中正大學應用心理學研究所，碩士論文。
黃菁芳（1994）。城鄉地區學前兒童親子互動與語言能力之比較研究。國立臺灣師範大學家政教育研究所，碩士論文。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
98752018
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098752018
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜忠信zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 簡嘉慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chien, Chia Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 簡嘉慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chien, Chia Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2013 17:32:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2013 17:32:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2013 17:32:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098752018en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/58697-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98752018zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 理解他人的意圖，指的是理解他人的行為背後蘊含著一個希望達成的具體目標，是嬰兒社會認知發展中一項重要的基礎能力，而此能力的發展應具有跨文化一致性。然而，過去國內外研究結果顯示，台灣與西方嬰兒透過非語言線索理解他人溝通意圖的能力有明顯的落差。因此，本研究為了瞭解台灣嬰兒理解非語言線索的溝通意圖之能力，並找出可能導致上述不同研究結果的作業差異原因，將藉由兩項實驗來探討此議題。實驗一以藏物遊戲為實驗派典，觀察14與18個月的台灣嬰兒，在「眼神注視」、「手指指示」及「意圖性語音」三種非語言線索情境中，是否可藉由對線索溝通意圖的理解而找出隱藏的意圖目標物。結果發現14個月的台灣嬰兒，可理解他人「手指指示」線索的溝通意圖，但無法理解「眼神注視」與「意圖性語音」線索的溝通意圖，而18個月的台灣嬰兒則是可理解他人「眼神注視」線索的溝通意圖，但卻無法理解「手指指示」與「意圖性語音」線索的溝通意圖。為了排除藏物容器設計可能造成的干擾因素，實驗二調整了藏物容器裝置，以同樣的實驗方式觀察台灣嬰兒理解他人非語言線索溝通意圖的能力。結果發現，14個月的台灣嬰兒仍只能藉由「手指指示」線索理解他人的溝通意圖，但18個月的台灣嬰兒則已可透過「眼神注視」、「手指指示」及「意圖性語音」三種非語言線索理解他人的溝通意圖。此結果說明，台灣與西方嬰兒透過非語言線索理解他人溝通意圖的能力大致相同，即嬰兒理解他人溝通意圖的能力確實具有跨文化一致性。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Understanding the intents of others, to understand the existence of specific goals that people wish to achieve from their behaviors, is one of important basic abilities in the social cognitive development of an infant. The developmental time frames of such ability should be the same across cultures. However, previous domestic and overseas studies proposed that the abilities of infants to understand the communicative intents of others through nonverbal cues are different between Taiwanese and western cultures. Hence, in this study, two controlled experiments were conducted to explore the abilities of Taiwanese infants to understand the communicative intents of others through nonverbal cues and the factors of the tasks that may cause different results between domestic and overseas studies. In the first experiment, an experimenter used the cues of gazing, pointing, and intentional vocalization in a hiding-game task to examine whether fourteen- and eighteen-month-old Taiwanese infants could infer communicative intents expressed in the three nonverbal cues and find the hidden objects. Results showed that 14-month-old Taiwanese infants could only follow the cue of pointing to find the hidden objects, but not gazing or intentional vocalization. And 18-month-old Taiwanese infants could find the hidden objects by following only the cue of gazing. To exclude the possible interferences of the target containers, the experimenter used the same procedures and settings in the second experiment as the first one, but modified the containers to clarify the hiding-game task. Results showed that 14-month-old Taiwanese infants could still follow only the cue of pointing to find the hidden object, but 18-month-old Taiwanese infants successfully followed all three types of cues. Based on these findings, the abilities of infants to understand others’ communicative intents by following nonverbal cues are the same in Taiwanese and western cultures. That is, the developmental time frames of the abilities of infants to understand the communicative intents through nonverbal cues are the same across different cultures.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節、研究動機 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
第一節、何謂意圖 3
第二節、意圖理解的發展機制 5
第三節、嬰幼兒理解他人意圖的先備基礎能力 7
一、視他人為有意圖的能動者 8
二、理解意圖動作 10
三、區辨他人意圖的指涉對象 13
四、小結 15
第四節、嬰幼兒理解他人意圖的研究 15
一、理解意外動作中的意圖訊息 16
二、理解他人非語言線索的溝通意圖 18
三、小結 23
第三章 研究目的與假設 24
第一節、研究目的 24
第二節、研究假設 30
第四章 實驗一 32
第一節、研究方法 32
一、實驗對象 32
二、實驗材料 33
三、實驗設計與程序 34
四、計分與信度 36
第二節、研究結果 36
第三節、討論 41
第五章 實驗二 46
第一節、研究方法 46
一、實驗對象 46
二、實驗材料 47
三、實驗設計與程序 48
四、計分與信度 50
第二節、研究結果 50
第三節、討論 56
第六章 綜合討論與建議 59
參考文獻 65		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2259733 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098752018en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 溝通意圖理解zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 嬰兒zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非語言線索zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 眼神注視zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 手指指示zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 意圖性語音zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) communicative intentional understandingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) infantsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) nonverbal cuesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) gazingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) pointingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) intentional vocalizationen_US
dc.title (題名) 14與18個月嬰兒理解他人的溝通意圖zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Fourteen- and Eighteen-Month-Old Infants Understand Others` Communicative Intentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王瑾婷、姜忠信（2011）。16至20個月嬰幼兒對意圖線索的理解。中華心理學刊，53，149-166。
姜忠信（2000）。自閉症兒童意圖能力之研究。國立台灣大學心理學研究所，博士論文。
姜忠信、張閔翔（2008）。幼兒理解他人意圖的能力：語音及表情的線索。中華心理學刊，50，241-256。
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