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題名 COCONUT 創新專案 – 以網路交易為基礎的金融創新專案
COCONUT INNOVATION- FINANCIAL INNOVATION BASED ON THE CASH TRANSACTIONS
作者 Volha Hutsava
Volha Hutsava
貢獻者 許牧彥
Volha Hutsava
Volha Hutsava
關鍵詞 Cash-based transactions
Payment method
Alternatives
Financial innovation
Instant payment
Self-service terminal
日期 2012
上傳時間 11-Jul-2013 16:30:07 (UTC+8)
摘要 The thesis is aimed to propose a financial innovation called COCONUT payment system. This innovative payment system is based on a combination of the cash and electronic money, presented as an ATM-like machine for purchase and payment execution, and operated via an electronic account, which allows its users to operate as a credit cards owner.
     This study commences with a review of the current major payment systems in the United States, followed by an analysis of the strength and weakness of these systems, and then proposes a payment system that combines the most popular two: cash and credit card with a healthier mechanism on financial control to both avoid the recurrence of financial crisis caused by credit crush and keep the current benefits. The COCOCNUT system can be applied not onbly to the market of the USA, but BRIC, developing and under seveloped countries’ market, those regions where cash remains the major payment way.
     As for the feasibility and the probability of promoting and applying this new system to replace the current systems or to implement in the new markets, the proposed COCONUT payment system, takes into consideration the differences of markets and regional regulations. The COCONUT project also provides trial calculations of its value proposition from the perspective of the project realization.
FIGURE OF CONTENTS 4
     TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
     Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION (簡介) 6
     1.1 Background and Motivations 6
     1.2 Goals and Questions 6
     1.3 Method and Procedure 8
     Chapter 2 MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS (市場需求分析) 10
     2.1 Consumption Trends of Population (消費人口的生活趨勢) 10
     2.2 Analysis of Unsatisfied Needs of Users (未被滿足的使用者需求分析) 13
     2.3 Demand Analysis of Objective Market (目標市場需求顧客分析) 16
     Chapter 3 INNOVATION PROPOSAL (創新提案) 26
     3.1 Innovation Concept and Development (產品或服務的構想及發展過程) 26
     3.2 Innovation Content and Functions (產品或服務的內容及功能說明) 32
     3.3 Innovation Complementary Assets (產品或服務配套的設備或服務) 37
     3.4 SWOT Analysis （SWOT 分析） 42
     Chapter 4 INDUSTRIAL COMPETITION ANALYSIS (產業競爭分析) 44
     4.1 Competitors Analysis (競爭者分析) 44
     4.2 Complementarity of the Payment Choices for Different Market Segments (針對不同市場區隔下支付選項的互補性) 51
     4.3 Supplier Analysis (供應商分析) 54
     Chapter 5 STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS (利害關係人分析) 57
     5.1 Cooperation Network and Strategic Alliance (合作網絡與策略聯盟) 57
     5.2 Fundamental Costumers/ Key customers (基礎顧客) 61
     Chapter 6 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES AND RESOURCES (智慧財產與資源) 69
     6.1 Commercial Law adaptation to an Electronic Payment System (因應電子付款系統所導致之商業法規修訂) 70
     6.2 Contracts and Commitments (合作契約與承諾) 72
     6.3 Certificates and Permits (證照與許可) 73
     6.4 Existing and Further Regulations (現行和未來法規趨勢) 77
     6.5 Patent Analysis (專利分析) 80
     6.6 Trademark Analysis (商標分析) 86
     Chapter 7 BUSINESS STRATEGY AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (商業策略 & 財務分析) 98
     7.1 Business Start-Up (創業模式) 98
     7.2 Value Capture Strategy (獲利策略) 100
     7.3 Cost and Benefit Analysis (本益分析) 101
     Chapter 8 CONCLUSION (結論) 104
     REFERENCES (書目) 106
     APPENDIX (附錄) 112
參考文獻 Abell. D. (1980). Defining the Business: The starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hgall Inc.
     Adamic, L. A., and Huberman , B.A. (2002). Zipf’s law and the Internet Glottometrics, 3, 143-150.
     Anderson, C. (2004). The Long Tail Wired Magazine, 12 (10), 170-177.
     Anderson, C. (2008, Jine 27). (2008). Excellent HBR piece challenges the Long Tail. The Long Tail blog. Retrived June 28, 2008
     Anderson, J., Vedpuriswar A.V. and Khan, A. (2005). Smart Communications Inc., Case A and Case B, European School of Management and Technology Case Study, 200503 (Berlin, European School of Management and Technology, 2005)
     Annon. (1999). Survey of retail payment systems: Consumer payment options grow.
     Bakos, Y., E. Brynjolfsson. (1999). Building Information Goods: Priciang, Profits and Efficiency, Management Science 45(12), 1613-1630.
     Bell, J. (1993). Doing Your Research Project – A guide for first-time researchers in education and social science, 3rd Ed, Open University Press, Buckingham.
     Bilgin, F., Sriram, V., and Wuhrer, G. (2004). Drivers of Global Business Success: Lessons from Emerging Markets. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
     Blueflame Consulting. (bflame.com). Boston-area consulting practice specializing in strategic research for financial services organizations, utilities, large billers and payment processors. Available http://www.bflame.com
     Bresnahan, T.F., R.J. Gordon. (1997). The Economics of New Goods. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
     Brows, P. (2011). Offers postage meters, mail machines, shipping, address mapping and geo location software and small business mailing and marketing solutions. Available http://www.pb.com
     Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y.J., Simister, D. (2007). Goodbye Pareto princiaple, hello Long tail: The effect of search cost on the concentration of product sales. Available at the Social Science Research Nerwork.
     Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y.J., Smith, M.D. (2006). From niches to riches: Anatomy of Long Tail. SLOAN management Review, 47(4), 67-71.
     Burt, Ronald. (1995). Structural Holes: the Sicuial Structure of Compatition. Harward: Harward UP.
     16. Cachon, G.P., C. Terwiesch, Y.Xu. (2008). On the Effects of Consumer Search and Firm Entry in Multiproduct Competitive Market. Marketing Science 27 (3), 461 – 473.
     Chorafas, D. S. (1988). Implementing networks in banking and financial services. Macmillan, Houndmills, 242
     Constantinides, E., Fountain, S.J. (2008). Web 2.0: Conceptual foundations and marketing issues Journal of Direct, Data, Digital Marketing Practice, 9, 231 – 244.
     Crede, A. (undated). (2005-01-23). Electronic Commerce and the Banking Industry: The Requirement and Opportunities for New Payment Systems Using the Internet, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex (online), available: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue3/crede.html
     Deutche Bank Research. (2001). Electronic money – the payment instrument of the future?
     Dubois, A. and Gadde, L. E. (2002). Systematic Combining - An abductive approach to case research. Journal of Business Research, 55, pp. 553-560
     Economides, N and Himmelberg, C (1995). Critical Mass and Network Size with Application to the US Fax Market. Working Papers 95-11, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics (online), available: http://raven.stern.nyu.edu/networks/95-11.pdf (2004-12-10).
     Engel, J.F., R.J.Kegerries, R.D. Blackwell. (1969). Word of mouth communication by the innovator. Journal of Marketing. 33 (3), 15 -19.
     Federal Reserve Bank. (2004). The 2004 Federal Reserve Payments Study Analysis of Non-cash Payments Trends in the United States: 2000 – 2003, Dec., p. 1-13
     Federal Reserve Bank of New York. (1996). Remarks by William J. McDonough, President Federal Reserve Bank of New York before the Symposium on Risk Reduction in Payments, Clearance and Settlement Systems, New York, http://www.ny.frb.org/newsevents/speeches/1996/sp960125.html retrieved 04-12-14
     Ferguson, J. W. (2000). Electronic commerce, bank and payments, 36th Annal Conference on Bank Structure Competition, Chicago, May.
     Frank, R., P. Cook (1995). The Winener-Take-All Sociaety: Why the Few at the op Get So Much More Than the Rest of Us. Penguin, New York, NY.
     Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
     Givon, M., V. Mahajan, E. Muller. (1995). Software Piracy: Estimation of Lost Sales and the Impact of Software Diffusion. Journal of Marketing 59 (1), 29-37.
     Goodman, M., B. (2005). Restoring trust in American Business: The struggle to change perception. Journal of Business Strategy, 26(4), 29-37. Retrieved October 18, 2005
     Harris Interactive. (2011). World`s leading market research firms, leveraging research, technology, and business acumen. Available http:// wwww.harrisinteractive.com
     Herzog, T. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences, Harper Collins, New York.
     Humphrey, D. B. and Hancock, D. (1997). Payment transactions, instruments, and systems: A survey. Journal of Banking and Finance 21, 1573-1624.
     Humphrey, D. B., Kim, M. and Vale, B. (2001). Realizing the gains from electronic payments: cost, pricing, and payment choice. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, vol. 33, No. 2, 216-234.
     Humphrey, D. B., Pulley, B. L. and Vesala, J. M. (2000). The check’s in the mail: why the United States lags in the adoption of cost-saving electronic payments. Journal of Financial Services Research 17, 17–39.
     Internet Banking Handbook. (2001). Federal Reserve Board of Chicago’s Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
     Javelin Strategy and Research. (2010). Independent, action-ready research and strategy consulting focused solely on the financial services and payments industries. Available http://www. jevelinstrategy.com
     Katz, E., p. Lazarsfeld. (2005). Personal Influence. The Free Press, New York.
     Kennickell, A. and Kwast, M. (1997). Who uses electronic banking? Results from the 1995 survey of consumer finances, Mimeo. Division of Research Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC.
     Mantel, B. (2000). Why do consumers pay bills electronically? An empirical analysis. Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Iss. Q IV, 32-48.
     Master Card. (1995). Shopping with your ATM card. A consumer guide to the expanding uses of ATM cards (online), available: http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/money/shopwith-atmcard/shop-atm.htm (2005-08-23)
     Mayzlin, D., H. Yoganarashihman. (2006). Link to success: How blogs built an audience by promoting rivals. Working Paper, Yale University.
     McAndrews, J. (1997), Making Payments on the Internet, Fed. Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Review, Jan/Feb., Philadelphia.
     McAndrews, J. J. (1996). Banking and payment system stability in an electronic money world. Conference on the Foundations of Policy Toward Electronic Money, working paper no. 97-9 (online), available: http://www.phil.frb.org/files/wps/1997/wp97-9.pdf (2004-12-10)
     Mester, L. J. (2000). The changing nature of the payments system: should new players mean new rules? Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (March/April), 3-26 (online), available: http://www.phil.frb.org/files/br/brma001m.pdf (2005-10-29)
     Nicholas Economides and Charles Himmelbery (1995). Critical Mass and Network Size with Application to the U.S. Fax Market. New York University Working paper, No. EC- 95-11, August.
     Ohmae, K. (2001). The invisible continent: Four strategies imperatives of the new economy. New York: Harper Business.
     Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations. The free Press, New York, NY.
     Rose, P. S. (1999). Commercial banking management, 4ed., Irwin/McGraw-Hill, Boston.
     Schwartz, B. (2004). The paradox of Choice: Why less is more. New York: Ecco. Smart Card Basics (2004). Smart card overview (online), available: http://www.smartcardbasics.com/overview.html (2005-02-02)
     Shankar, S., Ormiston, C., Bloch, N., Schaus, R., and Vijay, V. (2008). How to win in Emerging markets. MIT SLOAN management review (Spring), 19-23.
     Synovate. Marketing research company. Part of the international research network Ipsos, Top 3 of the leading marketing research company worldwide. Available http://www.synovate.com
     TowerGroup. (2011). Strategic guidance to a global network of senior executives at the world`s leading financial services organizations. Available http:// www.executivegroup.com
     Tucker, C., J. Zhang. (2009). How does popularity information affect choices? A Field Experiment Working Paper, MIT SLOAN School of Management, Cambridge, MA.
     United States Department of the Treasury Conference (1996). Towards electronic money and banking: The role of Government. An introduction to electronic money issues prepared for the United States Department of the Treasury Conference, Washington DC.
     Visa 2012. Credit card and Credit card offers. Available http://www.usa.visa.com
     Vyncke, P. (2002) Lifestyle Segmentation: From Attitudes, Interests and Opinions, to Values, Aesthetic Styles Life, Life Visions and Media Preferences European Journal of Communication, 17(4), 445-463.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
98359038
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983590382
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許牧彥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Volha Hutsavazh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Volha Hutsavaen_US
dc.creator (作者) Volha Hutsavazh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Volha Hutsavaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Jul-2013 16:30:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Jul-2013 16:30:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Jul-2013 16:30:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0983590382en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/58777-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98359038zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The thesis is aimed to propose a financial innovation called COCONUT payment system. This innovative payment system is based on a combination of the cash and electronic money, presented as an ATM-like machine for purchase and payment execution, and operated via an electronic account, which allows its users to operate as a credit cards owner.
     This study commences with a review of the current major payment systems in the United States, followed by an analysis of the strength and weakness of these systems, and then proposes a payment system that combines the most popular two: cash and credit card with a healthier mechanism on financial control to both avoid the recurrence of financial crisis caused by credit crush and keep the current benefits. The COCOCNUT system can be applied not onbly to the market of the USA, but BRIC, developing and under seveloped countries’ market, those regions where cash remains the major payment way.
     As for the feasibility and the probability of promoting and applying this new system to replace the current systems or to implement in the new markets, the proposed COCONUT payment system, takes into consideration the differences of markets and regional regulations. The COCONUT project also provides trial calculations of its value proposition from the perspective of the project realization.		en_US
dc.description.abstract (摘要) FIGURE OF CONTENTS 4
     TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
     Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION (簡介) 6
     1.1 Background and Motivations 6
     1.2 Goals and Questions 6
     1.3 Method and Procedure 8
     Chapter 2 MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS (市場需求分析) 10
     2.1 Consumption Trends of Population (消費人口的生活趨勢) 10
     2.2 Analysis of Unsatisfied Needs of Users (未被滿足的使用者需求分析) 13
     2.3 Demand Analysis of Objective Market (目標市場需求顧客分析) 16
     Chapter 3 INNOVATION PROPOSAL (創新提案) 26
     3.1 Innovation Concept and Development (產品或服務的構想及發展過程) 26
     3.2 Innovation Content and Functions (產品或服務的內容及功能說明) 32
     3.3 Innovation Complementary Assets (產品或服務配套的設備或服務) 37
     3.4 SWOT Analysis （SWOT 分析） 42
     Chapter 4 INDUSTRIAL COMPETITION ANALYSIS (產業競爭分析) 44
     4.1 Competitors Analysis (競爭者分析) 44
     4.2 Complementarity of the Payment Choices for Different Market Segments (針對不同市場區隔下支付選項的互補性) 51
     4.3 Supplier Analysis (供應商分析) 54
     Chapter 5 STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS (利害關係人分析) 57
     5.1 Cooperation Network and Strategic Alliance (合作網絡與策略聯盟) 57
     5.2 Fundamental Costumers/ Key customers (基礎顧客) 61
     Chapter 6 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES AND RESOURCES (智慧財產與資源) 69
     6.1 Commercial Law adaptation to an Electronic Payment System (因應電子付款系統所導致之商業法規修訂) 70
     6.2 Contracts and Commitments (合作契約與承諾) 72
     6.3 Certificates and Permits (證照與許可) 73
     6.4 Existing and Further Regulations (現行和未來法規趨勢) 77
     6.5 Patent Analysis (專利分析) 80
     6.6 Trademark Analysis (商標分析) 86
     Chapter 7 BUSINESS STRATEGY AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (商業策略 & 財務分析) 98
     7.1 Business Start-Up (創業模式) 98
     7.2 Value Capture Strategy (獲利策略) 100
     7.3 Cost and Benefit Analysis (本益分析) 101
     Chapter 8 CONCLUSION (結論) 104
     REFERENCES (書目) 106
     APPENDIX (附錄) 112		-
dc.description.tableofcontents FIGURE OF CONTENTS 4
     TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
     Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION (簡介) 6
     1.1 Background and Motivations 6
     1.2 Goals and Questions 6
     1.3 Method and Procedure 8
     Chapter 2 MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS (市場需求分析) 10
     2.1 Consumption Trends of Population (消費人口的生活趨勢) 10
     2.2 Analysis of Unsatisfied Needs of Users (未被滿足的使用者需求分析) 13
     2.3 Demand Analysis of Objective Market (目標市場需求顧客分析) 16
     Chapter 3 INNOVATION PROPOSAL (創新提案) 26
     3.1 Innovation Concept and Development (產品或服務的構想及發展過程) 26
     3.2 Innovation Content and Functions (產品或服務的內容及功能說明) 32
     3.3 Innovation Complementary Assets (產品或服務配套的設備或服務) 37
     3.4 SWOT Analysis （SWOT 分析） 42
     Chapter 4 INDUSTRIAL COMPETITION ANALYSIS (產業競爭分析) 44
     4.1 Competitors Analysis (競爭者分析) 44
     4.2 Complementarity of the Payment Choices for Different Market Segments (針對不同市場區隔下支付選項的互補性) 51
     4.3 Supplier Analysis (供應商分析) 54
     Chapter 5 STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS (利害關係人分析) 57
     5.1 Cooperation Network and Strategic Alliance (合作網絡與策略聯盟) 57
     5.2 Fundamental Costumers/ Key customers (基礎顧客) 61
     Chapter 6 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES AND RESOURCES (智慧財產與資源) 69
     6.1 Commercial Law adaptation to an Electronic Payment System (因應電子付款系統所導致之商業法規修訂) 70
     6.2 Contracts and Commitments (合作契約與承諾) 72
     6.3 Certificates and Permits (證照與許可) 73
     6.4 Existing and Further Regulations (現行和未來法規趨勢) 77
     6.5 Patent Analysis (專利分析) 80
     6.6 Trademark Analysis (商標分析) 86
     Chapter 7 BUSINESS STRATEGY AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (商業策略 & 財務分析) 98
     7.1 Business Start-Up (創業模式) 98
     7.2 Value Capture Strategy (獲利策略) 100
     7.3 Cost and Benefit Analysis (本益分析) 101
     Chapter 8 CONCLUSION (結論) 104
     REFERENCES (書目) 106
     APPENDIX (附錄) 112		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983590382en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cash-based transactionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Payment methoden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Alternativesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Instant paymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-service terminalen_US
dc.title (題名) COCONUT 創新專案 – 以網路交易為基礎的金融創新專案zh_TW
dc.title (題名) COCONUT INNOVATION- FINANCIAL INNOVATION BASED ON THE CASH TRANSACTIONSen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abell. D. (1980). Defining the Business: The starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hgall Inc.
     Adamic, L. A., and Huberman , B.A. (2002). Zipf’s law and the Internet Glottometrics, 3, 143-150.
     Anderson, C. (2004). The Long Tail Wired Magazine, 12 (10), 170-177.
     Anderson, C. (2008, Jine 27). (2008). Excellent HBR piece challenges the Long Tail. The Long Tail blog. Retrived June 28, 2008
     Anderson, J., Vedpuriswar A.V. and Khan, A. (2005). Smart Communications Inc., Case A and Case B, European School of Management and Technology Case Study, 200503 (Berlin, European School of Management and Technology, 2005)
     Annon. (1999). Survey of retail payment systems: Consumer payment options grow.
     Bakos, Y., E. Brynjolfsson. (1999). Building Information Goods: Priciang, Profits and Efficiency, Management Science 45(12), 1613-1630.
     Bell, J. (1993). Doing Your Research Project – A guide for first-time researchers in education and social science, 3rd Ed, Open University Press, Buckingham.
     Bilgin, F., Sriram, V., and Wuhrer, G. (2004). Drivers of Global Business Success: Lessons from Emerging Markets. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
     Blueflame Consulting. (bflame.com). Boston-area consulting practice specializing in strategic research for financial services organizations, utilities, large billers and payment processors. Available http://www.bflame.com
     Bresnahan, T.F., R.J. Gordon. (1997). The Economics of New Goods. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
     Brows, P. (2011). Offers postage meters, mail machines, shipping, address mapping and geo location software and small business mailing and marketing solutions. Available http://www.pb.com
     Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y.J., Simister, D. (2007). Goodbye Pareto princiaple, hello Long tail: The effect of search cost on the concentration of product sales. Available at the Social Science Research Nerwork.
     Brynjolfsson, E., Hu, Y.J., Smith, M.D. (2006). From niches to riches: Anatomy of Long Tail. SLOAN management Review, 47(4), 67-71.
     Burt, Ronald. (1995). Structural Holes: the Sicuial Structure of Compatition. Harward: Harward UP.
     16. Cachon, G.P., C. Terwiesch, Y.Xu. (2008). On the Effects of Consumer Search and Firm Entry in Multiproduct Competitive Market. Marketing Science 27 (3), 461 – 473.
     Chorafas, D. S. (1988). Implementing networks in banking and financial services. Macmillan, Houndmills, 242
     Constantinides, E., Fountain, S.J. (2008). Web 2.0: Conceptual foundations and marketing issues Journal of Direct, Data, Digital Marketing Practice, 9, 231 – 244.
     Crede, A. (undated). (2005-01-23). Electronic Commerce and the Banking Industry: The Requirement and Opportunities for New Payment Systems Using the Internet, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex (online), available: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue3/crede.html
     Deutche Bank Research. (2001). Electronic money – the payment instrument of the future?
     Dubois, A. and Gadde, L. E. (2002). Systematic Combining - An abductive approach to case research. Journal of Business Research, 55, pp. 553-560
     Economides, N and Himmelberg, C (1995). Critical Mass and Network Size with Application to the US Fax Market. Working Papers 95-11, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics (online), available: http://raven.stern.nyu.edu/networks/95-11.pdf (2004-12-10).
     Engel, J.F., R.J.Kegerries, R.D. Blackwell. (1969). Word of mouth communication by the innovator. Journal of Marketing. 33 (3), 15 -19.
     Federal Reserve Bank. (2004). The 2004 Federal Reserve Payments Study Analysis of Non-cash Payments Trends in the United States: 2000 – 2003, Dec., p. 1-13
     Federal Reserve Bank of New York. (1996). Remarks by William J. McDonough, President Federal Reserve Bank of New York before the Symposium on Risk Reduction in Payments, Clearance and Settlement Systems, New York, http://www.ny.frb.org/newsevents/speeches/1996/sp960125.html retrieved 04-12-14
     Ferguson, J. W. (2000). Electronic commerce, bank and payments, 36th Annal Conference on Bank Structure Competition, Chicago, May.
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     Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.
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