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題名 新闻与部落格：相性相吸？
Marriage of blogs and news: Opposites attract?作者 詹宁思
Jennings, Ralph貢獻者 孙式文
Sun, Se wen
詹宁思
Jennings, Ralph關鍵詞 传媒
部落格
新闻媒体
新媒体
新闻
mass media
blogs
news media
news
new media日期 2012 上傳時間 11-Jul-2013 17:58:52 (UTC+8) 摘要 International news media have gradually added blogs to their primary content over the past five years. The Wall Street Journal, the Christian Science Monitor, Reuters and the Voice of America, for example, use blogs as vehicles to report news. The same media organizations put additional news on paper, on air or on official websites. But blogs are traditionally for personal journals and private opinions. This study analyzes how the mass media are using blogs to convey news and why, as well as the differences between blog posts and traditional news content. A grounded approach to the content of blog posts and traditional content on the South China Sea dispute, an ongoing 2012 news story in Asia from six major international media shows similarities in writing styles, point of view and types of information presented. Comments solicited from journalists give insight into reasons that the mass media run their own blogs and how content is chosen for them. The study suggests that going forward news stories will be written more like traditional non-media blogs and that blogs may be influenced by the disciplined writing of journalists. 參考文獻 Ahlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.htmlBruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic PressCarlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated. Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essayEveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htmGallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.htmlGlaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de GruyterGoode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.htmlHermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.auJohnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.htmlLasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How" objectivity" came to define American journalism. NYU Press.Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdfReese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-GSchmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of JournalismSemetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.xShoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-WeekThe Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.htmlThe positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKyVan Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.xVaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: PicadorYoung, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htmReferencesAhlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.htmlBruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic PressCarlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated. Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essayEveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htmGallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.htmlGlaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de GruyterGoode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.htmlHermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.auJohnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.htmlLasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How" objectivity" came to define American journalism. NYU Press.Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdfReese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-GSchmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of JournalismSemetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.xShoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-WeekThe Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.htmlThe positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKyVan Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.xVaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: PicadorYoung, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htm 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
100461016
101資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100461016 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 孙式文 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Sun, Se wen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 詹宁思 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Jennings, Ralph en_US dc.creator (作者) 詹宁思 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Jennings, Ralph en_US dc.date (日期) 2012 en_US dc.date.accessioned 11-Jul-2013 17:58:52 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 11-Jul-2013 17:58:52 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Jul-2013 17:58:52 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100461016 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/58860 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100461016 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) International news media have gradually added blogs to their primary content over the past five years. The Wall Street Journal, the Christian Science Monitor, Reuters and the Voice of America, for example, use blogs as vehicles to report news. The same media organizations put additional news on paper, on air or on official websites. But blogs are traditionally for personal journals and private opinions. This study analyzes how the mass media are using blogs to convey news and why, as well as the differences between blog posts and traditional news content. A grounded approach to the content of blog posts and traditional content on the South China Sea dispute, an ongoing 2012 news story in Asia from six major international media shows similarities in writing styles, point of view and types of information presented. Comments solicited from journalists give insight into reasons that the mass media run their own blogs and how content is chosen for them. The study suggests that going forward news stories will be written more like traditional non-media blogs and that blogs may be influenced by the disciplined writing of journalists. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract, p. 3Introduction, p. 4Literature review, p. 5Research questions, p. 20Methodology, p. 21Results, p. 27Conclusion, p. 41References, p. 43Appendix A, p. 53Appendix B, p. 74Appendix C, p. 76 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1289973 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100461016 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 传媒 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 部落格 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新闻媒体 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新媒体 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新闻 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) mass media en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) blogs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) news media en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) news en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) new media en_US dc.title (題名) 新闻与部落格：相性相吸？ zh_TW dc.title (題名) Marriage of blogs and news: Opposites attract? en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ahlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.htmlBruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic PressCarlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated. Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essayEveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htmGallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.htmlGlaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de GruyterGoode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.htmlHermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.auJohnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.htmlLasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How" objectivity" came to define American journalism. NYU Press.Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdfReese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-GSchmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of JournalismSemetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.xShoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-WeekThe Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.htmlThe positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKyVan Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.xVaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: PicadorYoung, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htmReferencesAhlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.htmlBruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic PressCarlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated. Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essayEveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htmGallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.htmlGlaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de GruyterGoode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.htmlHermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.auJohnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.htmlLasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How" objectivity" came to define American journalism. NYU Press.Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdfReese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-GSchmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of JournalismSemetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.xShoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-WeekThe Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.htmlThe positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKyVan Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.xVaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: PicadorYoung, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htm zh_TW
