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題名 臨床試驗受試者保護:從利害關係人觀點探討CRA監測功能之提升
Clinical Trial Subject Protection:The enhancement of CRA monitoring from stakeholder perspectives
作者 李雅玟
Lee, Ya Wen
貢獻者 温肇東
Wen, Chao-Tung
李雅玟
Lee, Ya Wen
關鍵詞 試驗監測員CRA
受試者
臨床試驗
監測
利害關係人
社會重大事件
CRA
clinical trial subject
clinical trial
monitoring
stakeholder
social serious events
日期 2012
上傳時間 2-Sep-2013 16:10:13 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著新藥研發臨床試驗受試者安全與權利有關的社會重大事件日漸增加,我們迫切需要了解造成這些事件的根本原因。本研究發現,關鍵根本原因之一與可能的答案,存在於可以早期辨識新藥危害受試者安全與權利是否被依法規受保護的臨床試驗監測業務。

至今,似乎未有人針對試驗監測員(CRA)工作、時間與能量分配,這些與臨床試驗監測業務品質有關的因素做研究。由利害關係人分析、交易成本理論與白地策略角度,本研究針對兩面向,進行分析: 1) 全球化分工對台灣臨床試驗的衝擊 2) 台灣臨床研究專員面臨監測業務的四大阻礙,因而失去了早期辨識新藥危害受試者安全與權利的機會,並提出處理下列四大阻礙的相關建議:
1)舒緩目前由全球化分工過度造成的CRA大增的工作量、事務範圍縮小、警覺變差等影響;
2)降低由CRO組織複雜與效能不佳造成的內部交易成本;
3)降低由主持人團隊責任不明、或無充裕時間執行試驗,試驗地點額外事務造成的額外交易成本;
4)降低由委託者當地代表不當期盼與干涉造成的外部交易成本
With the increasing of serious social incidents related to the safety and welfare of the clinical trial subjects, their causes are urgently needed. This study finds that the main causes as well as their solutions may reside in whether or not the monitoring process, which is more frequent than audits and inspections, can provide an early detection of side effects during a clinical trial so that the safety and welfare of the clinical trial subjects can be protected according to the related laws and regulations.

To date, there are not many studies have focused on the distribution of work, time, and effort, factors that are closely related to the quality of the monitoring of the clinical trials, of the Clinical Research Associates (CRAs, a role defined by the GCP and related regulations). From the viewpoints of the stakeholders, the theory on the transaction costs, and the “seizing the white space”, this study made a descriptive analysis on the following two aspects: 1) the impact on Taiwan clinical trial due to over division of work from globalization and 2) CRAs in Taiwan are confronted with four hindrances, when monitoring a clinical trial, which results in missed opportunities in early discovery of clinical trial victims and, subsequently, endangering their lives, safety and welfare. The following suggestions are proposed to minimize the impact from the four hindrances:
a) To alleviate CRAs’ increased workload, narrowed scope, and reduced sensitivity suffered from over division of work in globalization.
b) To reduce the internal transaction cost resulted from the poorly organized CRO.
c) To reduce the external transaction cost brought by the ambiguousness in the responsibility of the investigator, inadequate experimental time, or the overflow of the extra affairs at the experimental sites.
d) To reduce the external transaction cost resulted from the improper expectations and interferences by the local representatives of the sponsors.
參考文獻 參考文獻
一、英文部分:

•"New Research offers CRO market snapshot", Kirsty Barnes, Outsourcing-Pharma, November 22, 2007

•"Top 10 Areas of Research", Michael D. Christel, R&D Directions, vol. 14, no. 9, October 2008, pg. 20

•"Riding the Wave", Pharmaceutical Executive Europe, FOCUS Oncology, September 2007, pp. 3–5.

•"The CRO Market", Association of Clinical Research Organization, 2012

•"Quintiles in $3bn investment deal". Outsourcing-pharma.com. Jan2, 2008.

•"CRO market to reach $24bn by 2010". Outsourcing-pharma.com. Jul30, 2007.

•"Report linker Adds The CRO Market Outlook: Emerging Markets, Leading Players and Future Trends. | Trends & Events > Trends from". AllBusiness.com. Sep21, 2009.

•"US Clinical Drug Trial Contract Research Organization: Component Database". Medibix.com. May17, 2010.

•PPD, Kendle and ICON top CenterWatch’s 2011 global CRO report card BOSTON, Mass., May 2, 2011 http://www.centerwatch.com/press/pr-2011-05-02.aspx

•CRO Market View What lies ahead of the curve? By Brad Anderson
http://www.contractpharma.com/issues/2008-03/view_features/cro-market-view/

•The CRO Market Outlook: Emerging Markets, Leading Players And Future Trends. Viewed April 02, 2008.
http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=152687 2&g=1

•China Contract Research Organization (CRO) Industry Report, 2010-2011
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0590608/China-Contract-Research-Organization-CRO-Industry-Report-2010-2011.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Drug_Disc

•Globalization White Paper, 25May, 2012 http://www.acrohealth.org/globalization-white-paper.html

•A Glance at the Clinical Research Organization Industry By Janine Richardson 28Oct2009,(website: 14Nov2011) http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Glance-at-the-Clinical-Research-Organization-Industry&id=3135697

•Insight: Pharma asks the money question earlier for new drugs, 20Dec, 2011.http://www.linkedin.com/news?actionBar=&articleID=996929498&ids=0VdjkScz0QejAIejgOdj0TdjoVb3wVd3AOejoVeiMVdPoRdjkRe3AId3gSdPwScPAV&aag=true&freq=weekly&trk=eml-tod2-b-ttl-2&ut=3XMK4H53fkV501

•Documentation of the Informed Consent Process, 24Nov, 2009.
http://www.mcw.edu/hrpp/QualityImprovementProgram/checklists/DocumentationoftheInformedConsentProcess.htm

•FDA “ALCOA” Guidance, 1999. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/04/June04/061504/04N-0133_emc-000034-01.ppt

•Awakenings (1973, rev. ed. 1990) Oliver Sacks Paperback, Vintage Books, ISBN 0-375-70405-1

•Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. by Freeman, R. Edward; Reed, David L.. California Management Review, Spring83, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p88-106

•Freeman, R. Edward (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman. ISBN 0-273-01913-9

•Redefining the Corporation Stakeholder Management and Organizational Wealth(2002) by James E. Post, Lee E. Preston, and Sybille Sachs

•“Implications of Physician Payment Act”, William Sharbaugh, 1Oct2010, Applied Clinical Trials.

•Guidance for Industry Oversight of Clinical Investigations — A Risk-Based Approach to Monitoring, 24Aug2011.

•“Flying Blind on CRA Workload, Time Demands”, Kenneth A. Getz, July 2012, Applied Clinical Trials.


二、 中文部分:

•鄭居元 ,《新藥臨床試驗制度在生技產業政策推動過程中變遷之探討》,國立政治大學科技管理研究所博士論文,2009年。
•洪錫娟,《台灣發展醫藥研發服務產業之探討-以臨床試驗部分為例》,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文,2005年。
•鍾曉芬,《台灣臨床試驗服務公司 (CRO) 營運模式之探討- 以藥品研發為例》,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)碩士論文,2010年。
•馬克強生著,《白地策略》,天下遠見出版,2010年11月初版。
•蕭瑞麟著,《不用數字的研究》,台灣培生教育出版股份有限公司,2011版。
•藥品優良臨床試驗準則, 2005。
•艾瑞克•弗洛姆著,《逃避自由》1941。
•李育融,《影響參與臨床試驗之動機研究:以健康受試者為例》,國立中山大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文,2011年。
•彭嚴燕,《全球藥品委外代工(CRO)的現況與未來》,2009年。
•王蓉君、陳恆德,《台灣臨床試驗發展之沿革》,2011年。
•吳惠林,《飛越黑板經濟學》翰蘆圖書出版有限公司出版,2000年。
•製藥業廠商委外問卷調查報告,2012年。
•96年國際廠商收購或高額投資的台灣生技公司,商業周刊1064期,2008年。
•立法院公報第98卷第43期委員會紀錄,2009年。
•陳肇文醫師演講資料,《台灣法律變遷下之人體試驗》101人體試驗講習班講義,2012年。
•曾育裕副教授演講資料,《台灣法律變遷下之人體試驗》101人體試驗講習班講義,2012年。
•劉維公,《文化產業的時代意義》,典藏今藝術,2003年。
•佛里曼著,《我們曾經輝煌》,2012年。
•吳清在教授演講,《台灣地區大學教授薪資待遇之合理性初探:大、中、小學教師之比較研究》
•台大醫院受試者知情同意過程紀錄格式(含說明) ,2009年。
•「建立臨床試驗與研究體系計畫」的推動與執行出國報告,2007年。

三、 網頁部分:

•台灣生技新藥產業發展策略, 2008葉明峯簡報資料

•Merck的Vioxx 止痛藥事件

•臨床研究專業服務機構(CRO)以徵求工讀生的名義違反規定招募健康受試者事件

•醫改會對「台大 / 成大醫院誤植愛滋器官事件」聲明稿

•藥物測試致下顎壞死 家屬控長庚與諾華不認帳
2011/05/19 自由時報 記者曾韋禎、李容萍、王昶閔/綜合報導


•「血汗醫院」 全台竟有16家員工超時工作 還沒加班費 署基也上榜 2011年 06月20日


•Association of clinical research organization 臨床研究機構協會

•ClinicalTrials.gov < www.clinicaltrials.gov>

•長庚醫療財團法人長庚紀念醫院卓越臨床試驗中心

•台灣黄頁

•臨床試驗審查作業機制說明-石麗鳳科長(2012/5/28網頁)

•專案合約與屨約管理

•”藥物人體試驗導致下顎骨壞死及切除”中央社記者陳偉婷台北18日電(2011May) (29May2012)

•2006台灣各產業景氣趨勢調查報告 西藥製藥產業 (29May2012)

•英國Phase I TGN1412 事件;


•典型美國的監測員一週工作
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
99932133
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099932133
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 温肇東zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wen, Chao-Tungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李雅玟zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Ya Wenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李雅玟zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Ya Wenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2013 16:10:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2013 16:10:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2013 16:10:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099932133en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59339-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99932133zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著新藥研發臨床試驗受試者安全與權利有關的社會重大事件日漸增加,我們迫切需要了解造成這些事件的根本原因。本研究發現,關鍵根本原因之一與可能的答案,存在於可以早期辨識新藥危害受試者安全與權利是否被依法規受保護的臨床試驗監測業務。

至今,似乎未有人針對試驗監測員(CRA)工作、時間與能量分配,這些與臨床試驗監測業務品質有關的因素做研究。由利害關係人分析、交易成本理論與白地策略角度,本研究針對兩面向,進行分析: 1) 全球化分工對台灣臨床試驗的衝擊 2) 台灣臨床研究專員面臨監測業務的四大阻礙,因而失去了早期辨識新藥危害受試者安全與權利的機會,並提出處理下列四大阻礙的相關建議:
1)舒緩目前由全球化分工過度造成的CRA大增的工作量、事務範圍縮小、警覺變差等影響;
2)降低由CRO組織複雜與效能不佳造成的內部交易成本;
3)降低由主持人團隊責任不明、或無充裕時間執行試驗,試驗地點額外事務造成的額外交易成本;
4)降低由委託者當地代表不當期盼與干涉造成的外部交易成本
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the increasing of serious social incidents related to the safety and welfare of the clinical trial subjects, their causes are urgently needed. This study finds that the main causes as well as their solutions may reside in whether or not the monitoring process, which is more frequent than audits and inspections, can provide an early detection of side effects during a clinical trial so that the safety and welfare of the clinical trial subjects can be protected according to the related laws and regulations.

To date, there are not many studies have focused on the distribution of work, time, and effort, factors that are closely related to the quality of the monitoring of the clinical trials, of the Clinical Research Associates (CRAs, a role defined by the GCP and related regulations). From the viewpoints of the stakeholders, the theory on the transaction costs, and the “seizing the white space”, this study made a descriptive analysis on the following two aspects: 1) the impact on Taiwan clinical trial due to over division of work from globalization and 2) CRAs in Taiwan are confronted with four hindrances, when monitoring a clinical trial, which results in missed opportunities in early discovery of clinical trial victims and, subsequently, endangering their lives, safety and welfare. The following suggestions are proposed to minimize the impact from the four hindrances:
a) To alleviate CRAs’ increased workload, narrowed scope, and reduced sensitivity suffered from over division of work in globalization.
b) To reduce the internal transaction cost resulted from the poorly organized CRO.
c) To reduce the external transaction cost brought by the ambiguousness in the responsibility of the investigator, inadequate experimental time, or the overflow of the extra affairs at the experimental sites.
d) To reduce the external transaction cost resulted from the improper expectations and interferences by the local representatives of the sponsors.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要…………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
致謝…………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
目錄…………………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
表目錄………………………………………………………………… Ⅶ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………… Ⅷ

第一章、緒論………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 前言…………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究背景與動機………………………………… 3
第三節 研究目的……………………………………… 6
第四節 研究範疇………………………………………… 7
第五節 研究設計與流程………………………………… 9
第六節 臨床試驗相關名詞解釋……………………… 10
第二章、台灣臨床研究概述與分析…………………………… 19
第一節 臨床研究專業服務機構產業概述………………19
第二節 臨床試驗環境分析………………………………24
第三節 台灣產業內部專業環境分析 ……………………33
第三章、文獻回顧與整理……………………………………… 40
第一節 交易成本……………………………………… 41
第二節 臨床試驗利害關係人………………………… 44
第三節 營運之探討 …………………………………… 48
第四章、研究方法………………………………………………… 52
第一節 研究架構……………………………………… 52
第二節 研究方法與設計……………………………… 53
第五章、生技產業中臨床試驗監測活動實例與困境 …… 54
第一節 臨床試驗監測活動實例……………………… 56
第二節 臨床試驗監測活動困境 ……………………… 67
第六章、探討與分析………………………………………………81
第一節 CRO產業已成熟,價格是此市場壓力來源……81
第二節 台灣臨床試驗營運與執行面的挑戰 ………… 82
第三節 藥廠新藥研發外包的困境 ……………88
第四節 CRO公司監測專員的困境分析…………………92
第五節 醫院執行臨床試驗的困境………………………99
第六節 病人(受試者)的困境分析 …………………… 101
第七節 臨床試驗利害關係人分析…………………… 101
第八節 營運獲利公式之探討………………………… 103
第九節 複雜而交錯的因素犧牲監測品質…………… 107
第七章、結論與建議………………………………………………116
第一節 研究結論……………………………………… 116
第二節 研究建議………………………………………… 121
參考文獻............................................127
附錄一 FDA發給Johnson & Johnson(藥廠)的警告信……………132
附錄二 FDA發給ICON(CRO公司)的警告信…………………………148
附錄三 NTUH受試者知情同意過程紀錄格式(含說明)980922 ……162
附錄四 國內臨床試驗現況簡要問答……………………………… 164
附錄五 多國多中心藥品臨床試驗計畫審查程序(2010.8.18)……171
附錄六 某人體試驗研究倫理認證考試2010 年版題庫……………173
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 106399 bytes-
dc.format.extent 35847 bytes-
dc.format.extent 3210478 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099932133en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 試驗監測員CRAzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 受試者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臨床試驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 利害關係人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會重大事件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CRAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) clinical trial subjecten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) clinical trialen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) monitoringen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) stakeholderen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) social serious eventsen_US
dc.title (題名) 臨床試驗受試者保護:從利害關係人觀點探討CRA監測功能之提升zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Clinical Trial Subject Protection:The enhancement of CRA monitoring from stakeholder perspectivesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻
一、英文部分:

•"New Research offers CRO market snapshot", Kirsty Barnes, Outsourcing-Pharma, November 22, 2007

•"Top 10 Areas of Research", Michael D. Christel, R&D Directions, vol. 14, no. 9, October 2008, pg. 20

•"Riding the Wave", Pharmaceutical Executive Europe, FOCUS Oncology, September 2007, pp. 3–5.

•"The CRO Market", Association of Clinical Research Organization, 2012

•"Quintiles in $3bn investment deal". Outsourcing-pharma.com. Jan2, 2008.

•"CRO market to reach $24bn by 2010". Outsourcing-pharma.com. Jul30, 2007.

•"Report linker Adds The CRO Market Outlook: Emerging Markets, Leading Players and Future Trends. | Trends & Events > Trends from". AllBusiness.com. Sep21, 2009.

•"US Clinical Drug Trial Contract Research Organization: Component Database". Medibix.com. May17, 2010.

•PPD, Kendle and ICON top CenterWatch’s 2011 global CRO report card BOSTON, Mass., May 2, 2011 http://www.centerwatch.com/press/pr-2011-05-02.aspx

•CRO Market View What lies ahead of the curve? By Brad Anderson
http://www.contractpharma.com/issues/2008-03/view_features/cro-market-view/

•The CRO Market Outlook: Emerging Markets, Leading Players And Future Trends. Viewed April 02, 2008.
http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=152687 2&g=1

•China Contract Research Organization (CRO) Industry Report, 2010-2011
http://www.reportlinker.com/p0590608/China-Contract-Research-Organization-CRO-Industry-Report-2010-2011.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Drug_Disc

•Globalization White Paper, 25May, 2012 http://www.acrohealth.org/globalization-white-paper.html

•A Glance at the Clinical Research Organization Industry By Janine Richardson 28Oct2009,(website: 14Nov2011) http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Glance-at-the-Clinical-Research-Organization-Industry&id=3135697

•Insight: Pharma asks the money question earlier for new drugs, 20Dec, 2011.http://www.linkedin.com/news?actionBar=&articleID=996929498&ids=0VdjkScz0QejAIejgOdj0TdjoVb3wVd3AOejoVeiMVdPoRdjkRe3AId3gSdPwScPAV&aag=true&freq=weekly&trk=eml-tod2-b-ttl-2&ut=3XMK4H53fkV501

•Documentation of the Informed Consent Process, 24Nov, 2009.
http://www.mcw.edu/hrpp/QualityImprovementProgram/checklists/DocumentationoftheInformedConsentProcess.htm

•FDA “ALCOA” Guidance, 1999. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/04/June04/061504/04N-0133_emc-000034-01.ppt

•Awakenings (1973, rev. ed. 1990) Oliver Sacks Paperback, Vintage Books, ISBN 0-375-70405-1

•Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. by Freeman, R. Edward; Reed, David L.. California Management Review, Spring83, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p88-106

•Freeman, R. Edward (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman. ISBN 0-273-01913-9

•Redefining the Corporation Stakeholder Management and Organizational Wealth(2002) by James E. Post, Lee E. Preston, and Sybille Sachs

•“Implications of Physician Payment Act”, William Sharbaugh, 1Oct2010, Applied Clinical Trials.

•Guidance for Industry Oversight of Clinical Investigations — A Risk-Based Approach to Monitoring, 24Aug2011.

•“Flying Blind on CRA Workload, Time Demands”, Kenneth A. Getz, July 2012, Applied Clinical Trials.


二、 中文部分:

•鄭居元 ,《新藥臨床試驗制度在生技產業政策推動過程中變遷之探討》,國立政治大學科技管理研究所博士論文,2009年。
•洪錫娟,《台灣發展醫藥研發服務產業之探討-以臨床試驗部分為例》,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文,2005年。
•鍾曉芬,《台灣臨床試驗服務公司 (CRO) 營運模式之探討- 以藥品研發為例》,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)碩士論文,2010年。
•馬克強生著,《白地策略》,天下遠見出版,2010年11月初版。
•蕭瑞麟著,《不用數字的研究》,台灣培生教育出版股份有限公司,2011版。
•藥品優良臨床試驗準則, 2005。
•艾瑞克•弗洛姆著,《逃避自由》1941。
•李育融,《影響參與臨床試驗之動機研究:以健康受試者為例》,國立中山大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文,2011年。
•彭嚴燕,《全球藥品委外代工(CRO)的現況與未來》,2009年。
•王蓉君、陳恆德,《台灣臨床試驗發展之沿革》,2011年。
•吳惠林,《飛越黑板經濟學》翰蘆圖書出版有限公司出版,2000年。
•製藥業廠商委外問卷調查報告,2012年。
•96年國際廠商收購或高額投資的台灣生技公司,商業周刊1064期,2008年。
•立法院公報第98卷第43期委員會紀錄,2009年。
•陳肇文醫師演講資料,《台灣法律變遷下之人體試驗》101人體試驗講習班講義,2012年。
•曾育裕副教授演講資料,《台灣法律變遷下之人體試驗》101人體試驗講習班講義,2012年。
•劉維公,《文化產業的時代意義》,典藏今藝術,2003年。
•佛里曼著,《我們曾經輝煌》,2012年。
•吳清在教授演講,《台灣地區大學教授薪資待遇之合理性初探:大、中、小學教師之比較研究》
•台大醫院受試者知情同意過程紀錄格式(含說明) ,2009年。
•「建立臨床試驗與研究體系計畫」的推動與執行出國報告,2007年。

三、 網頁部分:

•台灣生技新藥產業發展策略, 2008葉明峯簡報資料

•Merck的Vioxx 止痛藥事件

•臨床研究專業服務機構(CRO)以徵求工讀生的名義違反規定招募健康受試者事件

•醫改會對「台大 / 成大醫院誤植愛滋器官事件」聲明稿

•藥物測試致下顎壞死 家屬控長庚與諾華不認帳
2011/05/19 自由時報 記者曾韋禎、李容萍、王昶閔/綜合報導


•「血汗醫院」 全台竟有16家員工超時工作 還沒加班費 署基也上榜 2011年 06月20日


•Association of clinical research organization 臨床研究機構協會

•ClinicalTrials.gov < www.clinicaltrials.gov>

•長庚醫療財團法人長庚紀念醫院卓越臨床試驗中心

•台灣黄頁

•臨床試驗審查作業機制說明-石麗鳳科長(2012/5/28網頁)

•專案合約與屨約管理

•”藥物人體試驗導致下顎骨壞死及切除”中央社記者陳偉婷台北18日電(2011May) (29May2012)

•2006台灣各產業景氣趨勢調查報告 西藥製藥產業 (29May2012)

•英國Phase I TGN1412 事件;


•典型美國的監測員一週工作
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