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題名 公共外交的挑戰:以羅馬尼亞為例
Challenges of Public Diplomacy: the case of Romania
作者 韋妲
Vaida Daniela
貢獻者 李明
Lee, Ming
韋妲
Vaida Daniela
關鍵詞 羅馬尼亞
公共外交
公共外交的挑戰
歐洲聯盟
民族認同
public diplomacy
public diplomacy challenges
national identity
Romania
European Union
日期 2013
上傳時間 2-Sep-2013 17:31:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文的目的是想要了解羅馬尼亞自2007年成為歐盟成員後，在公共外交面對的主要挑戰。作者試圖從2007年以後，找出羅馬尼亞公共外交元素，理解該國在建立國家品牌的努力。
　　共產主義解體之後，羅馬尼亞不能夠建立自己的認同，無力面對歐洲聯盟的高期望。這兩個情況共同導致羅馬尼亞2007年之前的困境，加入歐盟之後這個困境更甚。看歐洲的環境及挑戰，羅馬尼亞爲克服挑戰努力以赴，但步履艱辛。
本論文參考資料主要是二手資料（例如：參考書，研究論文，報告，期刊文章等），但作者自信這些資料價值不容懷疑。
The purpose of this thesis is to gain understanding of the main challenges of public diplomacy in the case of Romania after the 2007 European Union membership acceptance. The situation that presents itself after 2007 was only looked at in correlation to the country’s past attempts to create a national brand that includes elements of public diplomacy.
Not being able to create an identity after the fall of communism and high expectations from the European community, together create the situation in which Romania finds itself not only before 2007 but more visible after the European Union membership.
Looking at the European context and examples of the connectivity between challenges a set of possible recommendations are constructed to overcome the challenges.
Both challenges are present before and after 2007 but once the European Union membership was granted they became even more visible.
The information is based on secondary sources (e.g. reference books, research papers, reports, journals’ articles, etc.) from organizations, publishers, universities, research institutes, media outlets, individuals, etc.
參考文獻 9 Bibliography

Books
Fisher, Glen. Mindsets: The Role of Culture and Perception in International Relations, 2nd ed., London, Intercultural Press, Inc., 1998.
Hall, Edward T. Understanding Cultural Differences, London, Intercultural Press, Inc., 1990.
Melissen, Jan. The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, 2005.
Books Published Online
Voicu, Bogdan. Social Capital in Romania at the Begging of the Millennium: Traveler in the No-Friends Land?, Iasi, Lumen, 2010. Accessed June 10, 2013.
http://www.academia.edu/1388329/Bogdan_Voicu._2010._Social_Capital_in_Romania_at_the_beginning_of_the_Milenium_Traveller_in_the_nofriends_land_Iasi_Lumen_in_Romanian_language.
Kaneva, Nadia. Branding Post- Communist Nations: Marketizing National Identities in the New Europe, Routledge Publishing, 2011. Accessed June 8, 2013.
http://www.academia.edu/373114/Branding_PostCommunist_Nations_Marketizing_National_Identities_in_the_New_Europe.
Articles in Printed Journals
Donnie, Keith. “More than Tourism: the Challenges of Nation Branding in Asia.” Global Asia, Vol.7 No. 3, 2012, pp.13-17.
McDowell, Mark. “Public Diplomacy at the Cross Roads: Definition and Challenges in an “Open Source Era.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Vol. 32 No. 3, Special Edition 2008, pp. 7-15.
Ross, Christopher. “Public Diplomacy Comes of Age.” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 2, 2002, pp. 73-83.
Soproni Luminita, Alina Stoica and Roxana Drinda. “Placing Romania in the European and International Market: The Role of Image in Building a Nation Identity.” Médias et Diversité Européenne,. Vol. 8 Collection Voisinages Europeens, 2012, pp. 239-254.
Articles in Online Journals
Anholt, Simon. “Public Diplomacy and Place Branding: Where’s the Link?.” in Place Branding 2, 2006, pp. 271-275. Accessed May 2, 2013.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000040.
Anholt, Simon. “Place Branding: Is it Marketing, or Isn’t it?.” in Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4, 2008, pp. 1–6. Accessed March 7, 2013.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088.
Gallarotti, Giulio M. “Soft Power: What it is, Why it’s Important, and the Conditions Under Which it Can Be Effectively Used.” Division II Faculty Publications.Paper 57, 2011. Accessed May 2, 2013.
http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div2facpubs/57.
Kazuo, Ogoura. “From Ikebana to Manga and Beyond: Japan’s Cultural and Public Diplomacy Is Evolving.” Global Asia, Vol. 7 No. 3, 2012. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://www.globalasia.org/V7N3_Fall_2012/Kazuo_Ogoura.html.
Nye, Joseph S., Jr. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2008, pp. 94- 109. Accessed December 10, 2012.
doi: 10.1177/0002716207311699.


Studies and Reports Published Online
Cull, Nicholas J. “Public Diplomacy Before Gullion: The Evolution of A Phrase.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy, 2006. Accessed December 20, 2012. http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/pdfs/gullion.pdf.
Hanson, Fergus. “The New Public Diplomacy.” Lowy Institute of International Policy, 2011. Accessed December 11, 2012.
http://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/new-public-diplomacy.
Leonard, Mark. “Public Diplomacy.” The Foreign Policy Centre, 2002. Accessed May 4, 2013. http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/35.pdf.
Liaropoulos. Andrew. “Being Hard on Soft Power.” Research Institute for European and American Studies, 2012. Accessed April 2, 2013.
http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/1519-being-hard-on-soft-power-.html.
Melissen, Jan. “Beyond the New Public Diplomacy.” Netherlands Institute of International Relations “Clingendael”, Clingendael Papers No. 3, 2011. Accessed December 9, 2012. http://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/20111014_cdsp_paper_jmelissen.pdf.
Nicolescu, Luminiţa, Cristian Paun, Irina Alina Popescu, and Alina Draghici. “Romania Trying to Be An European Brand.” Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, pp. 62- 72. Accessed December 13, 2012. http://www.managementmarketing.ro/pdf/articole/93.pdf.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. “The New Public Diplomacy.” Project Syndicate, 2010. Accessed February 11, 2013.
http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-new-publiC diplomacy#RQ8DuKVViiC2v3p1.99.
Popescu, Ruxandra-Irina and Alina-Georgiana Profiroiu. “Study on Foreigners’ Perception on Romania’s Image as Tourism Destination.” Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, 2013. Accessed June 2, 2013.
http://rtsa.ro/en/files/TRAS-39E-2013-9POPESCU,%20PROFIROIU.pdf.
Popescu, Ruxandra-Irina and Andrei Corbos. “A Review of Strategic Options for Achieving a Country Brand for Romania.” The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. Pp. 881- 893. Accessed May 5, 2013.
http://www.rmci.ase.ro/no11vol5/10.pdf.
Schuker, Jill A. “The Challenges of Public Diplomacy and the Role of Government.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy, 2008. Accessed December 9, 2012.
http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/the_challenge_of_public_diplomacy_and_the_role_of_government/.
Seib, Philip. “Making Sense of Cultural Diplomacy.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy. Annenberg School, 2012. Accessed January 6, 2013. http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/making_sense_of_cultural_diplomacy/.
Snow, Nancy. “Public Diplomacy and Propaganda: Rethinking Diplomacy in the Age of Persuasion.” E- International Relations, 2012. Accessed December 13, 2012.
http://www.e-ir.info/2012/12/04/public-diplomacy-and-propaganda-rethinking-diplomacy-in-the-age-of-persuasion/.
Conference Papers
Mellisen, Jan. “Public Diplomacy.” Paper presented at the Korea Public Diplomacy Forum, International Symposium July 19, 2012, pp. 49- 66.
Imre, Aniko and Alice Bardan. “Branding Romania II, or, the End of Choice.” Paper presented at FLOW Conference, University of Texas 2012. Accessed June 21, 2013.
http://flowtv.org/2010/05/branding-romania-ii-or-the-end-of-choice-aniko-imre-and-alice-bardan-university-of-southern-california/.
Weeks, Gregory and Stefan Stoev. "Crisis, Conflict, and Culture: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in the European Project." Paper presented at the 2011 International Conference on Cultural Diplomacy in the European Union, Brussels, December 6-9, 2011. Accessed November 10, 2012.
http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/culturaldiplomacynews/participant-papers/2011-12-cdeu/Bringing-Cultures-Together-Through-the-Arts-to-Facilitate-Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Context-of-the-European-Project-Dr.-Stefan-Stoev.pdf.
Dissertation
Neumann, Liliana. “Romania and its Public Diplomacy in the Process of NATO Integration.” PhD. Diss., Babes-Bolyai University, 2011. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://doctorat.ubbcluj.ro/sustinerea_publica/rezumate/2011/relatiiinternationale/NEUMANN_LILIANA_EN.pdf.
Online News Articles
Baker, Mark. “Bucharest’s New Old City.” BBC Travel, July 12, 2013. Accessed July 20, 2013.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20130712-bucharests-new-old-city.
Brow, John. “Propaganda, Public Diplomacy and the Smith-Mundt Act.” Huffington Post, May 26, 2012. Accessed January 20, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-brown/propaganda-public-diplomacy_b_1547214.html.
Chirileasa, Corina. “Graham Perolls, Hospices of Hope Founder: From the Family’s Car Business in U.K., to Palliative Care Hospices in Romania.” Romania Insider, April 9, 2013. Accessed April 15, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/graham-perolls-hospices-of-hope-founder-from-the-familys-car-business-in-uk-to-palliative-care-hospices-in-romania/79434/.
Ciocoiu, Paul. “Romanians Debate Proposed Draft Constitution.” Southeast Europe Times, July 20, 2013. Accessed July 22, 2013.
http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/blogreview/2013/07/20/blog-03.
Marian, Sanziana Oana. “Romanian Artists Fight for a Civil Society.” Huffington Post, June 26, 2012. Accessed November 12, 2012.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/oana-sanziana-marian/romanian-cultural institute_b_1627331.html.
Maughan, Philip. “Romania: the Old Country.” New Statesman, April 9, 2013. Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/europe/2013/04/romania-old-country.
Mutler, Alison. “Why Prince Charles` Loves Transylvania.” The Huffington Post, July 5, 2012. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/05/transylvania-prince-charles-visit_n_1648979.htm.l.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. “China’s Soft Power Deficit.” The Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304451104577389923098678842.html.
Paige, Jonathan. “British Public Wrong about Nearly Everything, Survey Shows.” The Independent, July 9, 2013. Accessed July 15, 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/british-public-wrong-about-nearly-everything-survey-shows-8697821.html#disqus_thread.
Paramaguru, Kharunya. “Romania Responds to Britain’s Campaign: ‘We May Not Like Britain, but You Will Love Romania.” Time Magazine, February 5, 2013. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/02/05/romania-responds-to-britains-anti-tourism-campaign-we-may-not-like-britain-but-you-will-love-romania/.
Popan, Cosmin. “Wally Olins Interview: Romania Becomes a Brand Without Its Knowledge.” 9AM News Publication, February 15, 2007. Accessed April 9, 2013.
http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Business/55107/Interviu-Wally-Olins-Romania-devine-brand-fara-stirea-ei.html.
Rohter, Larry. “Festival Recast by Politics at Home.” New York Times, November 28, 2012. Accessed November 3, 2012.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/movies/shake-up-in-romania-changes-a-film-festival-in-new-york.html?pagewanted=all.
Vasilliu, Oana. “Prince Charles to Promote Transylvania in Documentary Film.” Business Review, July 9, 2012. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://business-review.eu/lifestyle/travel/prince-charles-to-promote-transylvania-in-documentary-film/.
AFP News, “Leave Cultural Body Alone, Artists Tell Romania`s Senate.” Yahoo News, August 7, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://sg.news.yahoo.com/leave-cultural-body-alone-artists-tell-romanias-senate-164932101.html.
BBC Publication, “Hungary Defies Critics Over Change to Constitution.” BBC News, March 11, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2013.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21740743.
BBC Publication, “Horsemeat Scandal: Focus Switches to Romania.” BBC News, February 10, 2013. Accessed May 6, 2013.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21401111.
BBC Publication, “Transylvania’s Medieval Tradition” BBC Travel, January 16, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2013.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/slideshow/20130116-transylvanias-medieval-tradition.
Dinu Patriciu Foundation, “In What Countries Romanian University Students Study and Where Foreign Students Learning in Romania Come From.” Dinu Patriciu Foundation, September 25, 2011. Accessed June 3, 2013.
https://www.fundatiadinupatriciu.ro/en/media_room/stiri/612.
Romanian Insider Publication, “Romanians Spread ‘Why I love Romania’ Campaign with Posters of the Great and the Good.” Romania Insider, November 28, 2011. Accessed May 12, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/romanians-spread-why-i-love-romania-campaign-with-posters-of-the-great-and-the-good/41507/.
Romania Insider Publication, “Romanian Government Proposes New President for the Cultural Institute.” Romanian Insider, June 25, 2013. Accessed June 25, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/romanian-government-proposes-new-president-for-the-cultural-institute/102491/.
Romania Insider Publication, “Economy Minister: Romania Will Not Be Ready to Take Over the EU Presidency in 2019, When Scheduled.” Romania Insider, June 21, 2013. Accessed June 21, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/economy-minister-romania-will-not-be-ready-to-take-over-the-eu-presidency-in-2019-when-scheduled/102307/.
The Diplomat Magazine, “Romania’s Makeover Strategy.” The Diplomat, 2006. Accessed May 4, 2013.
http://www.thediplomat.ro/features_0106_2.htm.
The Economist Publication, “Not Ready for Schengen.” The Economist, March 7, 2013. Accessed March 10, 2013.
http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/03/romania-and-eu#comments.
The Independent Publication, “Prince Charles: I have a Stake in Transylvania`s Future.” The Independent, October 27, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/prince-charles-i-have-a-stake-in-transylvanias-future-2376584.html.
Other Online Sources
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, “Brief History.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
london.mae.ro/en/node/393.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland “Romania to Participate in 2012 Cultural Olympiad in London.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://doha.mae.ro/en/romania-news/1432.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland “Dezbaterea APPG Despre Imigraţia din România şi Bulgaria.” Accessed May 14, 2013.
http://londra.mae.ro/local-news/1300.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, “The Embassy of Romania Clarifies a Number of Issues Mentioned, This Week, in Several News Articles Concerning Ethnic Roma People of Romanian Origin in London.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://londra.mae.ro/en/local-news/1361.
Future Brand, “The Country Brand Index 2012- 2013.” Accessed June 7, 2013.
http://www.futurebrand.com/images/uploads/studies/cbi/CBI_2012-Final.pdf.
Global Resource and Information Directory, “Romania.” Accessed June 8, 2013.
http://www.fosigrid.org/europe/romania.
International Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict, “Official Track One Diplomacy.” Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, 2005. Accessed January 4, 2013.
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/track1.htm.
Minority Rights Group International, “Romania Overview.”Accessed June 11, 2013.
http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=3521.
Public Diplomacy and Global Communication blog, “Changing Romania’s Negative Public Image.” London Metropolitan University, May 16, 2013. Accessed June 4, 2013. http://pdgc2012b.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/changing-romanias-negative-public-image/.
Romanian Cultural Institute, “2011 Activity Report.” pp. 7 - 281. Accessed November 6, 2012.
http://www.icr.ro/bucuresti/rapoarte-de-activitate/raport-de-activitate-2011-1.html.
Romanian Film Initiative, “Making Waves 2013.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1715064836/making-waves-2013-romanian-film-fest-continues-and.
The European Commission, "EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020." 2011. Accessed March 20, 2013.
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52012DC0226:en:NOT.
US State Department, “International Religious Freedom Report for Romania.” 2012. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://www.rogca.org/a16-US-State-Deparmant-International-Religious-Freedom-Report-for-2012-Romania.aspx.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
100263013
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100263013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李明zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 韋妲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Vaida Danielaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 韋妲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Vaida Danielaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2013 17:31:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2013 17:31:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2013 17:31:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100263013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59582-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100263013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文的目的是想要了解羅馬尼亞自2007年成為歐盟成員後，在公共外交面對的主要挑戰。作者試圖從2007年以後，找出羅馬尼亞公共外交元素，理解該國在建立國家品牌的努力。
　　共產主義解體之後，羅馬尼亞不能夠建立自己的認同，無力面對歐洲聯盟的高期望。這兩個情況共同導致羅馬尼亞2007年之前的困境，加入歐盟之後這個困境更甚。看歐洲的環境及挑戰，羅馬尼亞爲克服挑戰努力以赴，但步履艱辛。
本論文參考資料主要是二手資料（例如：參考書，研究論文，報告，期刊文章等），但作者自信這些資料價值不容懷疑。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this thesis is to gain understanding of the main challenges of public diplomacy in the case of Romania after the 2007 European Union membership acceptance. The situation that presents itself after 2007 was only looked at in correlation to the country’s past attempts to create a national brand that includes elements of public diplomacy.
Not being able to create an identity after the fall of communism and high expectations from the European community, together create the situation in which Romania finds itself not only before 2007 but more visible after the European Union membership.
Looking at the European context and examples of the connectivity between challenges a set of possible recommendations are constructed to overcome the challenges.
Both challenges are present before and after 2007 but once the European Union membership was granted they became even more visible.
The information is based on secondary sources (e.g. reference books, research papers, reports, journals’ articles, etc.) from organizations, publishers, universities, research institutes, media outlets, individuals, etc.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..3
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….4
2 Chapter I – Introduction 9
2.1 Background and Context of the Study 9
2.2 Previous Work on Romania’s Public Diplomacy 10
2.3 Overview of the Research Paper 11
3 Chapter II - Definition of Key Terms and Concepts 13
4 Chapter III – Literature Review 15
4.1 Introduction 15
4.2 Brief Chronology of Research 17
4.2.1 Public Diplomacy in the Cold War Period - More Than Propaganda 17
4.2.2 After 9/11- Soft Power 18
4.2.3 New Public Diplomacy 19
4.3 History of Ideas 20
4.3.1 Traditional Diplomacy 21
4.3.2 Propaganda 21
4.3.3 Public Diplomacy and Cultural Diplomacy 22
4.4 Critiques 25
5 Chapter IV - Challenges of Public Diplomacy 27
5.1 The National Identity Challenge 28
5.2 Negative News in European Media 32
5.3 Example of Connectivity 33
6 Chapter V – Context of Romania’s Public Diplomacy 38
6.1 Romania’s Image in the European Union After 2007 and the Directions of its Public Diplomacy 38
6.2 Country Image Before 2007 38
6.3 European Perceptions of Romania 41
6.4 Romania’s Image in the United Kingdom 44
6.4.1 Challenges 44
6.4.2 Positive News Coverage 46
6.5 Programs 48
6.5.1 “Explore the Carpathian Garden” Tourism Campaign 2009 48
6.5.2 “Why I Love Romania” Campaign 2011 49
6.5.3 London Cultural Olympics 2012 49
6.5.4 “Why Don’t You Come Over” Campaign 2013 50
6.6 Other Campaigns 52
6.6.1 “Romanians in Europe” Campaign 2008 52
7 Chapter VI – Recommendations 55
7.1 Long Term Programs Based on National Identity, Culture, Governance and Public Diplomacy Momentums 55
7.2 Value System: Governance, Investment, Human Capital, Growth, Sustainability, Influence 55
7.2.1 Governance 55
7.2.2 Investment 56
7.2.3 Human Capital 56
7.2.4 Growth 56
7.2.5 Sustainability 56
7.2.6 Influence 56
7.3 Foundations of Soft Power 57
7.3.1 International Sources 57
7.3.2 Domestic sources 57
7.4 Long Term Programs Based on Culture, Education, Image 58
7.4.1 Cultural Promotion 59
7.4.2 Educational exchange 59
7.4.3 National Image 61
7.5 Public Diplomacy Momentums 61
7.5.1 The Use of Social Media 61
7.5.2 Educational Exchange 63
7.5.3 Promoting Movies 65
7.5.4 National Branding 66
7.6 Shortcomings 69
8 Chapter VII – Conclusions 70
8.1 Topics for Additional Research 72
9 Bibliography 74		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1299830 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100263013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 羅馬尼亞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共外交的挑戰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐洲聯盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民族認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public diplomacy challengesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) national identityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Romaniaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) European Unionen_US
dc.title (題名) 公共外交的挑戰:以羅馬尼亞為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Challenges of Public Diplomacy: the case of Romaniaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9 Bibliography

Books
Fisher, Glen. Mindsets: The Role of Culture and Perception in International Relations, 2nd ed., London, Intercultural Press, Inc., 1998.
Hall, Edward T. Understanding Cultural Differences, London, Intercultural Press, Inc., 1990.
Melissen, Jan. The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, 2005.
Books Published Online
Voicu, Bogdan. Social Capital in Romania at the Begging of the Millennium: Traveler in the No-Friends Land?, Iasi, Lumen, 2010. Accessed June 10, 2013.
http://www.academia.edu/1388329/Bogdan_Voicu._2010._Social_Capital_in_Romania_at_the_beginning_of_the_Milenium_Traveller_in_the_nofriends_land_Iasi_Lumen_in_Romanian_language.
Kaneva, Nadia. Branding Post- Communist Nations: Marketizing National Identities in the New Europe, Routledge Publishing, 2011. Accessed June 8, 2013.
http://www.academia.edu/373114/Branding_PostCommunist_Nations_Marketizing_National_Identities_in_the_New_Europe.
Articles in Printed Journals
Donnie, Keith. “More than Tourism: the Challenges of Nation Branding in Asia.” Global Asia, Vol.7 No. 3, 2012, pp.13-17.
McDowell, Mark. “Public Diplomacy at the Cross Roads: Definition and Challenges in an “Open Source Era.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Vol. 32 No. 3, Special Edition 2008, pp. 7-15.
Ross, Christopher. “Public Diplomacy Comes of Age.” The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 2, 2002, pp. 73-83.
Soproni Luminita, Alina Stoica and Roxana Drinda. “Placing Romania in the European and International Market: The Role of Image in Building a Nation Identity.” Médias et Diversité Européenne,. Vol. 8 Collection Voisinages Europeens, 2012, pp. 239-254.
Articles in Online Journals
Anholt, Simon. “Public Diplomacy and Place Branding: Where’s the Link?.” in Place Branding 2, 2006, pp. 271-275. Accessed May 2, 2013.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000040.
Anholt, Simon. “Place Branding: Is it Marketing, or Isn’t it?.” in Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4, 2008, pp. 1–6. Accessed March 7, 2013.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088.
Gallarotti, Giulio M. “Soft Power: What it is, Why it’s Important, and the Conditions Under Which it Can Be Effectively Used.” Division II Faculty Publications.Paper 57, 2011. Accessed May 2, 2013.
http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div2facpubs/57.
Kazuo, Ogoura. “From Ikebana to Manga and Beyond: Japan’s Cultural and Public Diplomacy Is Evolving.” Global Asia, Vol. 7 No. 3, 2012. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://www.globalasia.org/V7N3_Fall_2012/Kazuo_Ogoura.html.
Nye, Joseph S., Jr. “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2008, pp. 94- 109. Accessed December 10, 2012.
doi: 10.1177/0002716207311699.


Studies and Reports Published Online
Cull, Nicholas J. “Public Diplomacy Before Gullion: The Evolution of A Phrase.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy, 2006. Accessed December 20, 2012. http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/pdfs/gullion.pdf.
Hanson, Fergus. “The New Public Diplomacy.” Lowy Institute of International Policy, 2011. Accessed December 11, 2012.
http://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/new-public-diplomacy.
Leonard, Mark. “Public Diplomacy.” The Foreign Policy Centre, 2002. Accessed May 4, 2013. http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/35.pdf.
Liaropoulos. Andrew. “Being Hard on Soft Power.” Research Institute for European and American Studies, 2012. Accessed April 2, 2013.
http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/1519-being-hard-on-soft-power-.html.
Melissen, Jan. “Beyond the New Public Diplomacy.” Netherlands Institute of International Relations “Clingendael”, Clingendael Papers No. 3, 2011. Accessed December 9, 2012. http://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/20111014_cdsp_paper_jmelissen.pdf.
Nicolescu, Luminiţa, Cristian Paun, Irina Alina Popescu, and Alina Draghici. “Romania Trying to Be An European Brand.” Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, pp. 62- 72. Accessed December 13, 2012. http://www.managementmarketing.ro/pdf/articole/93.pdf.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. “The New Public Diplomacy.” Project Syndicate, 2010. Accessed February 11, 2013.
http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-new-publiC diplomacy#RQ8DuKVViiC2v3p1.99.
Popescu, Ruxandra-Irina and Alina-Georgiana Profiroiu. “Study on Foreigners’ Perception on Romania’s Image as Tourism Destination.” Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, 2013. Accessed June 2, 2013.
http://rtsa.ro/en/files/TRAS-39E-2013-9POPESCU,%20PROFIROIU.pdf.
Popescu, Ruxandra-Irina and Andrei Corbos. “A Review of Strategic Options for Achieving a Country Brand for Romania.” The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. Pp. 881- 893. Accessed May 5, 2013.
http://www.rmci.ase.ro/no11vol5/10.pdf.
Schuker, Jill A. “The Challenges of Public Diplomacy and the Role of Government.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy, 2008. Accessed December 9, 2012.
http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/the_challenge_of_public_diplomacy_and_the_role_of_government/.
Seib, Philip. “Making Sense of Cultural Diplomacy.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy. Annenberg School, 2012. Accessed January 6, 2013. http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/making_sense_of_cultural_diplomacy/.
Snow, Nancy. “Public Diplomacy and Propaganda: Rethinking Diplomacy in the Age of Persuasion.” E- International Relations, 2012. Accessed December 13, 2012.
http://www.e-ir.info/2012/12/04/public-diplomacy-and-propaganda-rethinking-diplomacy-in-the-age-of-persuasion/.
Conference Papers
Mellisen, Jan. “Public Diplomacy.” Paper presented at the Korea Public Diplomacy Forum, International Symposium July 19, 2012, pp. 49- 66.
Imre, Aniko and Alice Bardan. “Branding Romania II, or, the End of Choice.” Paper presented at FLOW Conference, University of Texas 2012. Accessed June 21, 2013.
http://flowtv.org/2010/05/branding-romania-ii-or-the-end-of-choice-aniko-imre-and-alice-bardan-university-of-southern-california/.
Weeks, Gregory and Stefan Stoev. "Crisis, Conflict, and Culture: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in the European Project." Paper presented at the 2011 International Conference on Cultural Diplomacy in the European Union, Brussels, December 6-9, 2011. Accessed November 10, 2012.
http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/culturaldiplomacynews/participant-papers/2011-12-cdeu/Bringing-Cultures-Together-Through-the-Arts-to-Facilitate-Cultural-Diplomacy-in-the-Context-of-the-European-Project-Dr.-Stefan-Stoev.pdf.
Dissertation
Neumann, Liliana. “Romania and its Public Diplomacy in the Process of NATO Integration.” PhD. Diss., Babes-Bolyai University, 2011. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://doctorat.ubbcluj.ro/sustinerea_publica/rezumate/2011/relatiiinternationale/NEUMANN_LILIANA_EN.pdf.
Online News Articles
Baker, Mark. “Bucharest’s New Old City.” BBC Travel, July 12, 2013. Accessed July 20, 2013.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20130712-bucharests-new-old-city.
Brow, John. “Propaganda, Public Diplomacy and the Smith-Mundt Act.” Huffington Post, May 26, 2012. Accessed January 20, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-brown/propaganda-public-diplomacy_b_1547214.html.
Chirileasa, Corina. “Graham Perolls, Hospices of Hope Founder: From the Family’s Car Business in U.K., to Palliative Care Hospices in Romania.” Romania Insider, April 9, 2013. Accessed April 15, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/graham-perolls-hospices-of-hope-founder-from-the-familys-car-business-in-uk-to-palliative-care-hospices-in-romania/79434/.
Ciocoiu, Paul. “Romanians Debate Proposed Draft Constitution.” Southeast Europe Times, July 20, 2013. Accessed July 22, 2013.
http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/blogreview/2013/07/20/blog-03.
Marian, Sanziana Oana. “Romanian Artists Fight for a Civil Society.” Huffington Post, June 26, 2012. Accessed November 12, 2012.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/oana-sanziana-marian/romanian-cultural institute_b_1627331.html.
Maughan, Philip. “Romania: the Old Country.” New Statesman, April 9, 2013. Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/europe/2013/04/romania-old-country.
Mutler, Alison. “Why Prince Charles` Loves Transylvania.” The Huffington Post, July 5, 2012. Accessed March 11, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/05/transylvania-prince-charles-visit_n_1648979.htm.l.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. “China’s Soft Power Deficit.” The Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304451104577389923098678842.html.
Paige, Jonathan. “British Public Wrong about Nearly Everything, Survey Shows.” The Independent, July 9, 2013. Accessed July 15, 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/british-public-wrong-about-nearly-everything-survey-shows-8697821.html#disqus_thread.
Paramaguru, Kharunya. “Romania Responds to Britain’s Campaign: ‘We May Not Like Britain, but You Will Love Romania.” Time Magazine, February 5, 2013. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/02/05/romania-responds-to-britains-anti-tourism-campaign-we-may-not-like-britain-but-you-will-love-romania/.
Popan, Cosmin. “Wally Olins Interview: Romania Becomes a Brand Without Its Knowledge.” 9AM News Publication, February 15, 2007. Accessed April 9, 2013.
http://www.9am.ro/stiri-revista-presei/Business/55107/Interviu-Wally-Olins-Romania-devine-brand-fara-stirea-ei.html.
Rohter, Larry. “Festival Recast by Politics at Home.” New York Times, November 28, 2012. Accessed November 3, 2012.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/movies/shake-up-in-romania-changes-a-film-festival-in-new-york.html?pagewanted=all.
Vasilliu, Oana. “Prince Charles to Promote Transylvania in Documentary Film.” Business Review, July 9, 2012. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://business-review.eu/lifestyle/travel/prince-charles-to-promote-transylvania-in-documentary-film/.
AFP News, “Leave Cultural Body Alone, Artists Tell Romania`s Senate.” Yahoo News, August 7, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://sg.news.yahoo.com/leave-cultural-body-alone-artists-tell-romanias-senate-164932101.html.
BBC Publication, “Hungary Defies Critics Over Change to Constitution.” BBC News, March 11, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2013.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21740743.
BBC Publication, “Horsemeat Scandal: Focus Switches to Romania.” BBC News, February 10, 2013. Accessed May 6, 2013.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21401111.
BBC Publication, “Transylvania’s Medieval Tradition” BBC Travel, January 16, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2013.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/slideshow/20130116-transylvanias-medieval-tradition.
Dinu Patriciu Foundation, “In What Countries Romanian University Students Study and Where Foreign Students Learning in Romania Come From.” Dinu Patriciu Foundation, September 25, 2011. Accessed June 3, 2013.
https://www.fundatiadinupatriciu.ro/en/media_room/stiri/612.
Romanian Insider Publication, “Romanians Spread ‘Why I love Romania’ Campaign with Posters of the Great and the Good.” Romania Insider, November 28, 2011. Accessed May 12, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/romanians-spread-why-i-love-romania-campaign-with-posters-of-the-great-and-the-good/41507/.
Romania Insider Publication, “Romanian Government Proposes New President for the Cultural Institute.” Romanian Insider, June 25, 2013. Accessed June 25, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/romanian-government-proposes-new-president-for-the-cultural-institute/102491/.
Romania Insider Publication, “Economy Minister: Romania Will Not Be Ready to Take Over the EU Presidency in 2019, When Scheduled.” Romania Insider, June 21, 2013. Accessed June 21, 2013.
http://www.romania-insider.com/economy-minister-romania-will-not-be-ready-to-take-over-the-eu-presidency-in-2019-when-scheduled/102307/.
The Diplomat Magazine, “Romania’s Makeover Strategy.” The Diplomat, 2006. Accessed May 4, 2013.
http://www.thediplomat.ro/features_0106_2.htm.
The Economist Publication, “Not Ready for Schengen.” The Economist, March 7, 2013. Accessed March 10, 2013.
http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/03/romania-and-eu#comments.
The Independent Publication, “Prince Charles: I have a Stake in Transylvania`s Future.” The Independent, October 27, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/prince-charles-i-have-a-stake-in-transylvanias-future-2376584.html.
Other Online Sources
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, “Brief History.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
london.mae.ro/en/node/393.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland “Romania to Participate in 2012 Cultural Olympiad in London.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://doha.mae.ro/en/romania-news/1432.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland “Dezbaterea APPG Despre Imigraţia din România şi Bulgaria.” Accessed May 14, 2013.
http://londra.mae.ro/local-news/1300.
Embassy of Romania to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, “The Embassy of Romania Clarifies a Number of Issues Mentioned, This Week, in Several News Articles Concerning Ethnic Roma People of Romanian Origin in London.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://londra.mae.ro/en/local-news/1361.
Future Brand, “The Country Brand Index 2012- 2013.” Accessed June 7, 2013.
http://www.futurebrand.com/images/uploads/studies/cbi/CBI_2012-Final.pdf.
Global Resource and Information Directory, “Romania.” Accessed June 8, 2013.
http://www.fosigrid.org/europe/romania.
International Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict, “Official Track One Diplomacy.” Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, 2005. Accessed January 4, 2013.
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/track1.htm.
Minority Rights Group International, “Romania Overview.”Accessed June 11, 2013.
http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=3521.
Public Diplomacy and Global Communication blog, “Changing Romania’s Negative Public Image.” London Metropolitan University, May 16, 2013. Accessed June 4, 2013. http://pdgc2012b.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/changing-romanias-negative-public-image/.
Romanian Cultural Institute, “2011 Activity Report.” pp. 7 - 281. Accessed November 6, 2012.
http://www.icr.ro/bucuresti/rapoarte-de-activitate/raport-de-activitate-2011-1.html.
Romanian Film Initiative, “Making Waves 2013.” Accessed June 12, 2013.
http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1715064836/making-waves-2013-romanian-film-fest-continues-and.
The European Commission, "EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020." 2011. Accessed March 20, 2013.
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52012DC0226:en:NOT.
US State Department, “International Religious Freedom Report for Romania.” 2012. Accessed June 20, 2013.
http://www.rogca.org/a16-US-State-Deparmant-International-Religious-Freedom-Report-for-2012-Romania.aspx.		zh_TW