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題名 成年初顯期的個體，完美主義、內外控人格特質和猶豫型未定向與錯誤觀念的關係： 認同探索的中介效果
The relationship of perfectionism and locus of control to indecisiveness and career myths in emerging adulthood：the mediating effect of identity exploration作者 蕭立婕 貢獻者 陳嘉鳳
蕭立婕關鍵詞 完美主義
內外控人格特質
猶豫型未定向
錯誤觀念
反芻性探索日期 2011 上傳時間 3-Sep-2013 13:28:29 (UTC+8) 摘要 職涯發展是每個人生命歷程中重要的議題，且進入職場為個體轉換為成人的關鍵指標。然而，隨著教育程度以及結婚年齡的提升，個體進入成人角色的時間延後，且探索自我的時間延長，反而使得一部份的個體淪為茫然摸索，而對於自己的職涯定位和方向不知所措。本研究試圖瞭解「人格特質」(即完美主義和內外控人格特質)和「職涯決策困難的原因」(即猶豫型未定向和錯誤觀念)之間的關係，並且進一步了解個體的「認同探索方式」在上述關係中所扮演的角色。研究以問卷法進行，主要施測對象為國內大專院校之大學部和研究所在學學生，共計479人。研究結果顯示，人格特質中較為負面傾向的面向，如完美主義的「差距」向度和內外控特質之「外控」傾向，兩者和反芻性探索以及猶豫型未定向或錯誤觀念之間存在著正向的關係。此外，上述的關係之間存在著「反芻性探索」的中介效果。由此可知，除了先天的個人特質之外，探索方式亦攸關個體能否定向。因此，對於難以定向的個體，如何嘗試打破其負面且持續的探索迴圈，進而導正至較為正向之廣度和深度探索的類型，實為預防教育或是治療方案之努力方向。值得注意的是，研究亦發現在各年級的受試者中，皆存在有一部份的「焦慮性認同未定」者，可能是由於人格或情緒相關因子的影響，使其無法當機立斷的做出決定。對於這群個體，給予充足的就業資訊並無法實際滿足其需求，惟有提供專業的諮商輔導及協助才可能解決其核心問題，協助其克服認知或情緒方面的困擾，進而為自己的職涯方向做出決策。 參考文獻 麥立心, 蔡明珊 (民95年10月)。學士成為新弱勢，能力比名校重要。Cheers快樂工作人雜誌。李嘉修 (民98年12月)。喘口氣放輕鬆 別被完美壓垮。天下雜誌。林大森 (2010)。台灣大學生畢業流向之初探。台灣教育社會學研究，10(1)，85-125。林莉旻 (2008)。初探台灣大學生延畢現象。碩士學位論文，國立政治大學。林幸台 (1987)。生計輔導的理論與實施。五南圖書出版公司。林幸台、張德聰、田秀蘭、張小鳳(2003)。生涯輔導(再版) [空中大學用書]。台北:空中大學。盧俊宏, 曾慧桓, 趙文其, & 黃瀅靜 (1999)。 完美主義概念與測驗初探。大專體育，43，43-51。呂建國, & 孟慧 (2002)。職業心理學。揚智文化事業股份有限公司。洪蘭 (民98年5月)。不讓孩子「成年」 只會累死父母。天下雜誌，421。珍‧博克 & 萊諾拉‧袁著(2011)。拖延心理學(洪慧芳譯)。漫遊者文化事業股份有限公司。江捷如 (2010)。大學生生涯定向的全人整體觀。 大學校園生命教育與創新實務研討會。行政院主計處 (2011)。100年10月人力資源調查結果。徐薇& 寇彧 (2010)。 自我同一性研究的新模型—双環模型。 心理科學進展，18(5)，725–733。臧聲遠 (2010)。生涯規劃，就是與命運博奕。Career就業情報。陳坤虎, 雷庚玲, & 吳英璋 (2005)。不同階段青少年之自我認同內容及危機探索之發展差異。中華心理學刊，47(3)，249-268。陳武雄 (2007)。台灣民眾的職業發展歷程. 碩士學位論文，國立高雄師範大學。楊智馨, & 林世華 (1998)。 大學生生涯發展狀況與自我認定狀態之關係。 教育心理學報，30(2)，1-16。楊錦登 (2007)。生涯自我效能之探討。諮商與輔導，264，44-48。 吳麗華 (2007)。國小級任教師內外控信念與社會支持對身心健康影響之研究：以教師工作壓力為中介變項。碩士學位論文，國立嘉義大學。吳凱琳 (民95年7月)。如何擺脫拖延的壞習慣？Cheers快樂工作人雜誌。吳芝儀 (2000)。生涯輔導與諮商：理論與實務。濤石出版社。翁靜玉 (2007)。將才學 你的職場戰力升級計畫。Career就業情報。翁靜玉 (2009)。延畢的後遺症。Career就業情報。Abraham, K. 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國立政治大學
心理學研究所
97752022
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097752022 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳嘉鳳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蕭立婕 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 蕭立婕 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Sep-2013 13:28:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Sep-2013 13:28:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Sep-2013 13:28:29 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097752022 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59707 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 97752022 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 職涯發展是每個人生命歷程中重要的議題，且進入職場為個體轉換為成人的關鍵指標。然而，隨著教育程度以及結婚年齡的提升，個體進入成人角色的時間延後，且探索自我的時間延長，反而使得一部份的個體淪為茫然摸索，而對於自己的職涯定位和方向不知所措。本研究試圖瞭解「人格特質」(即完美主義和內外控人格特質)和「職涯決策困難的原因」(即猶豫型未定向和錯誤觀念)之間的關係，並且進一步了解個體的「認同探索方式」在上述關係中所扮演的角色。研究以問卷法進行，主要施測對象為國內大專院校之大學部和研究所在學學生，共計479人。研究結果顯示，人格特質中較為負面傾向的面向，如完美主義的「差距」向度和內外控特質之「外控」傾向，兩者和反芻性探索以及猶豫型未定向或錯誤觀念之間存在著正向的關係。此外，上述的關係之間存在著「反芻性探索」的中介效果。由此可知，除了先天的個人特質之外，探索方式亦攸關個體能否定向。因此，對於難以定向的個體，如何嘗試打破其負面且持續的探索迴圈，進而導正至較為正向之廣度和深度探索的類型，實為預防教育或是治療方案之努力方向。值得注意的是，研究亦發現在各年級的受試者中，皆存在有一部份的「焦慮性認同未定」者，可能是由於人格或情緒相關因子的影響，使其無法當機立斷的做出決定。對於這群個體，給予充足的就業資訊並無法實際滿足其需求，惟有提供專業的諮商輔導及協助才可能解決其核心問題，協助其克服認知或情緒方面的困擾，進而為自己的職涯方向做出決策。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究問題 5第三節 名詞釋義 6第二章 文獻探討 10第一節 職涯發展與自我認同的關係 10 第二節 成年初顯期 15第三節 職涯決策困難的原因：錯誤觀念(dysfunctional myths)與猶豫型未定向(indecisiveness) 17第四節 影響猶豫型未定向和錯誤觀念的相關人格因子 25第五節 探索與認同 35第六節 人格變項和猶豫型未定向與錯誤觀念之間的關係─認同探索的角色 40第三章 研究方法 42第一節 研究架構與研究假設 42第二節 研究對象 44第三節 研究工具 46第四節 問卷蒐集方式 50第五節 資料處理與統計方法 50第四章 研究結果 52第五章 討論與建議 84第一節 結論與討論 84第二節 建議與限制 90參考文獻 94附錄 104施測問卷 104表目錄表一 各變項的描述性統計分析結果 45表二 研究變項之平均數與標準差 53表三 受試者之年級、性別與不同學院之認同定向和生涯規劃之比例分配狀況 56表四 受試者面臨的職涯決策困難原因之狀況 58表五 受試者面臨的職涯決策困難原因之次數分配 59表六 各變項間相關 62表七 完美主義─高標準、內外控特質對「反芻性探索」之複迴歸分析摘要表 63表八 完美主義─差距、內外控特質對「反芻性探索」之複迴歸分析摘要表 64表九 完美主義─高標準、內外控特質、反芻性探索對「猶豫型未定向」之複迴歸分析摘要表 65表十 完美主義─差距、內外控特質、反芻性探索對「猶豫型未定向」之複迴歸分析摘要表 65表十一 完美主義之高標準面向、內外控特質對猶豫型未定向的「全部」效果 67表十二 完美主義之高標準面向、內外控特質對猶豫型未定向的「間接」效果 67表十三 完美主義之差距面向、內外控特質對猶豫型未定向的「全部」效果 68表十四 完美主義之差距面向、內外控特質對猶豫型未定向的「間接」效果 68表十五 完美主義─高標準、內外控特質、反芻性探索對「錯誤觀念」之複迴歸分析摘要表 69表十六 完美主義─差距、內外控特質、反芻性探索對「錯誤觀念」之複迴歸分析摘要表 69表十七 完美主義之高標準面向、內外控特質對錯誤觀念的「全部」效果 71表十八 完美主義之高標準面向、內外控特質對錯誤觀念的「間接」效果 72表十九 完美主義之差距面向、內外控特質對錯誤觀念的「全部」效果 72表二十 完美主義之差距面向、內外控特質對錯誤觀念的「間接」效果 72表二十一 研究變項之平均數與標準差─以認同狀態和生涯規劃分類 74表二十二 認同狀態與完美主義─差距之變異數分析摘要表 76表二十三 認同狀態與反芻性探索之變異數分析摘要表 76表二十四 認同狀態與內外控特質之變異數分析摘要表 76表二十五 生涯規劃與反芻性探索之變異數分析摘要表 77表二十六 認同狀態─各組平均數的相等性檢定 78表二十七 認同狀態─區別變數和區別函數之結構矩陣 78表二十八 認同狀態─Wilks` Lambda 值 79表二十九 認同狀態─區別函數之特徵值 79表三十 生涯規劃─各組平均數的相等性檢定 80表三十一 生涯規劃─區別變數和區別函數之結構矩陣 81表三十二 生涯規劃─Wilks` Lambda 值 81表三十三 生涯規劃─區別函數之特徵值 81表三十四 認同狀態與猶豫型未定向之變異數分析摘要表 82表三十五 認同狀態與錯誤觀念之變異數分析摘要表 83表三十六 生涯規劃與猶豫型未定向之變異數分析摘要表 83表三十七 生涯規劃與錯誤觀念之變異數分析摘要表 83圖目錄圖一 職涯決策困難原因分類 19圖二 承諾發展模式 37圖三 認同形成雙環模型 39圖四 研究架構圖 42圖五 完美主義─高標準、內外控特質、反芻性探索和「猶豫型未定向」之關係 65圖六 完美主義─差距、內外控特質、反芻性探索和「猶豫型未定向」之關係 66圖七 完美主義之高標準面向、內外控特質、反芻性探索和「錯誤觀念」之關係 70圖八 完美主義之差距面向、內外控特質、反芻性探索和「錯誤觀念」之關係 70 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1512065 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097752022 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 完美主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內外控人格特質 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 猶豫型未定向 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 錯誤觀念 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反芻性探索 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 成年初顯期的個體，完美主義、內外控人格特質和猶豫型未定向與錯誤觀念的關係： 認同探索的中介效果 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The relationship of perfectionism and locus of control to indecisiveness and career myths in emerging adulthood：the mediating effect of identity exploration en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 麥立心, 蔡明珊 (民95年10月)。學士成為新弱勢，能力比名校重要。Cheers快樂工作人雜誌。李嘉修 (民98年12月)。喘口氣放輕鬆 別被完美壓垮。天下雜誌。林大森 (2010)。台灣大學生畢業流向之初探。台灣教育社會學研究，10(1)，85-125。林莉旻 (2008)。初探台灣大學生延畢現象。碩士學位論文，國立政治大學。林幸台 (1987)。生計輔導的理論與實施。五南圖書出版公司。林幸台、張德聰、田秀蘭、張小鳳(2003)。生涯輔導(再版) [空中大學用書]。台北:空中大學。盧俊宏, 曾慧桓, 趙文其, & 黃瀅靜 (1999)。 完美主義概念與測驗初探。大專體育，43，43-51。呂建國, & 孟慧 (2002)。職業心理學。揚智文化事業股份有限公司。洪蘭 (民98年5月)。不讓孩子「成年」 只會累死父母。天下雜誌，421。珍‧博克 & 萊諾拉‧袁著(2011)。拖延心理學(洪慧芳譯)。漫遊者文化事業股份有限公司。江捷如 (2010)。大學生生涯定向的全人整體觀。 大學校園生命教育與創新實務研討會。行政院主計處 (2011)。100年10月人力資源調查結果。徐薇& 寇彧 (2010)。 自我同一性研究的新模型—双環模型。 心理科學進展，18(5)，725–733。臧聲遠 (2010)。生涯規劃，就是與命運博奕。Career就業情報。陳坤虎, 雷庚玲, & 吳英璋 (2005)。不同階段青少年之自我認同內容及危機探索之發展差異。中華心理學刊，47(3)，249-268。陳武雄 (2007)。台灣民眾的職業發展歷程. 碩士學位論文，國立高雄師範大學。楊智馨, & 林世華 (1998)。 大學生生涯發展狀況與自我認定狀態之關係。 教育心理學報，30(2)，1-16。楊錦登 (2007)。生涯自我效能之探討。諮商與輔導，264，44-48。 吳麗華 (2007)。國小級任教師內外控信念與社會支持對身心健康影響之研究：以教師工作壓力為中介變項。碩士學位論文，國立嘉義大學。吳凱琳 (民95年7月)。如何擺脫拖延的壞習慣？Cheers快樂工作人雜誌。吳芝儀 (2000)。生涯輔導與諮商：理論與實務。濤石出版社。翁靜玉 (2007)。將才學 你的職場戰力升級計畫。Career就業情報。翁靜玉 (2009)。延畢的後遺症。Career就業情報。Abraham, K. 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