1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Social Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 跨界投資與在地再投資區位選擇研究
A study on location selection of trans-border investment and reinvestment in home country
作者 王冠斐
貢獻者 邊泰明
王冠斐
關鍵詞 製造業
企業集團
總部
再投資
區位選擇
二元羅吉特
多項羅吉特
Manufacturing Firms
Enterprise Group
Enterprise Headquarter
Re-investment
Location Selection
Binary Logit
Multinomial Logit Model
日期 2010
上傳時間 3-Sep-2013 14:47:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究著眼於台灣經濟轉型、中國經濟的崛起與台灣企業組織的變化，從台灣企業集團的總部設立、跨界投資的區位選擇及在地再投資三個面向進行討論，期望在既有的研究基礎上，就台灣廠商在兩岸投資區位佈點的考量提出完整性的觀察，並強化既有的研究。
首先，以台灣1000大製造業為研究樣本，選擇包括純辦公室使用、研發設計、台商一千大、跨國生產網絡、外資企業、員工人數、資本總額、知識密集型、傳統型製造業等變項分別代表總部功能、跨界治理能力及企業屬性三大類變數，透過二元羅吉特模型以及集群分析方法，探討台灣企業在首都、都會區以及生產性服務業及創新氛圍同質性地區的總部設立區位選擇行為。實證的結果發現，代表企業屬性變數的資產總額、員工人數和產業別明顯影響台灣製造業廠商在首都設立總部的區位選擇，而總部功能為純辦公室使用或設有研發機構者更傾向將總部設立於首都或都會區，跨界治理能力的影響則未能獲得證實。另外，過去國內在研究企業總部地點選擇研究上較少從創新氛圍角度出發，而本研究實證的結果發現，台灣製造業廠商企業總部的區位選擇不僅受到地區生產性服務業的影響，也受到地區創新氛圍的影響。
在跨界投資區位選擇部分，本研究以台灣250大企業集團中的知識密集型製造業集團為研究對象，以台灣、環渤海地區、長江三角洲地區、珠江三角洲地區為研究場域，選擇企業特性與投資區位條件變數，並以多項羅吉特模型進行實證分析。其中，企業特性變數為產業類別、投資經驗、投資時間等三項因子，而投資區位條件則有勞工薪資、市場規模、區域創新強度及外資投資強度等因子。實證結果發現，代表經濟發展階段的投資時間變項確實會影響企業集團的區位選擇行為，產業的類別不同其區位選擇也會不同，先前的投資經驗雖然影響區位選擇。但是與過去研究不同的是，本次實證發現對台灣企業來說面對相似而且鄰近的市場，進入新市場的動機可能比過去的投資經驗來得重要的多，同時投資區位條件亦會影響區位選擇行為。另外，過去較少直接連結廠商生產面的區域創新能力亦明顯影響企業集團的區位選擇，因此本研究認為區域創新活動對於跨國企業在地化取得知識及技術亦具有相當重要的意義。
在地再投資部分以台灣製造業1000大廠商中知識密集型製造業為研究對象，並以工業地域觀點所劃分的台灣地區北、中、南三大區域為研究場域，選擇包括在台投資經驗、總部區位、第一次投資決策、路徑依循等企業廠商組織決策之屬性變數，以及包含區域中科學園區的設立、產業專業化係數、雜異化指標等區域環境變數，透過多項羅吉特模型進行實證分析。實證的結果發現，總部區位確實影響後續再投資的工廠區位選擇，第一次的投資決策經驗對於第二次投資的區位選擇行為影響比總部區位的影響明顯，代表時間演進而產生路徑相依的地區經濟型態差異變項也確實會影響區位選擇行為。而當區域內科學園區的發展相較未臻成熟時，其區域的賦能仍不足以吸引企業廠商進駐，至於台灣企業的再投資區位選擇基於對區域特性的了解較偏好區域內工業地域的地方化經濟，而不偏好區域內工業地域的都市化經濟。
Stressed on the Taiwanese economical transition, the up-rising of Chinese economy and the change of Taiwanese enterprise organization as well as based on the past research, this study explores the factors affecting location selection behavior of Taiwanese firms across Taiwan Strait from three aspects including the establishment of enterprise headquarter, cross-border investment and local re-investment.
On the establishment of enterprise headquarter, the top 1000 manufacturing firms in Taiwan were sampled and some factors were analyzed including office type, R&D, multinational production network, foreign enterprise, number of employee, total asset, knowledge-intensive business, and traditional manufacturing firms. However, these factors could be classed into three fields: headquarter function, cross-border management ability and firm characteristics. Then, the location selection behavior of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter was examined by the techniques of binary logit model and cluster analysis technique among capital area, urban area and homogenous area with productive service industry and innovation-based cluster.
The results of empirical analysis show that the factors represented firm characteristics including total asset, number of employee and enterprise type significantly affected the location selection of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter. Furthermore, it is also verified that the enterprise headquarter had been established in capital or urban area if the headquarter was provided with R&D or simply used as office, but the effect of cross-border management upon headquarter establishment is insignificant. The effect of innovation-based cluster upon location selection of enterprise headquarter is seldom studied in the past. However, according to empirical results in this study, they show that location selection of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter is affected not only by local Productive Service industry but also by regional innovation-based cluster.
On the location selection of cross-border investment, this study focused on the area of Taiwan, Bohai Economic Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The top 250 Taiwanese enterprise groups were taken into consideration, and the multinomial Logit model was adopted for empirical analysis in which firm characteristics and location conditions were chosen as research variables. Where, firm characteristics contained industrial type, investing experience and investment time, and location conditions included labor cost, market scale, regional innovation intensity and foreign investment intensity.
The empirical results indicate that industrial type and investment time significantly affect the selection of investment locations. In contrast, investment experience only slightly influences the selection of investment locations. In addition, we find that entrepreneurial motivation to enter new markets may be much more influential than prior location investment experiences for Taiwanese enterprises functioning within similar markets. Regional differences shaping investment conditions in Taiwan and mainland China also affect the selection of investment locations. Our analysis shows a particularly strong linkage between regional innovation capacity and the selection of investment locations. This implies that regional innovation capacity plays a very important role in the selection of investment locations for multinational enterprises
On local re-investment, the top 1000 knowledge-intensive manufacturers in Taiwan were the samples divided by region into the northern, central and southern Taiwan groups by administrative region. The factors affecting organizational decisions were the attribute variables, including Taiwan investment experience, headquarters location, first investment experience and path dependence; and the factors affecting location selection were the regional environment variables, including regional science park status, industry specialization coefficient and Hirschman-Herfindahl index (HHI). The multinomial Logit model was used for empirical analysis, and the results show that the headquarters location affects plant location selection in re-investment, and the first investment experience has a more significant effect on the plant location selection in the second investment than the headquarters location, suggesting that the path-dependent heterogeneity in regional economic style developed over time affects location selection. Also, the immaturity of regional science parks affects plant location selection when regional empowerment cannot attract enterprises. Lastly, Taiwanese enterprises prefer regions with localized economies to regions with urbanized economies for plant location selection.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻
于宗先、王金利(2003)，「一隻看得見的手―政府在經濟發展過程中的角色」，台北：聯經出版社。
中華徵信所(2007)，「台灣地區集團企業研究」，台北：中華徵信所。
王振寰（1997），跨國界區域經濟形成的統理機制：以台灣資本外移南中國為例，「台灣社會研究季刊」，第27期，第1-36頁。
王緝慈（2001），「創新的空間—企業集群與區域發展」，北京：北京大學。
田揚名(2006)，「台灣地區製造業總部區位分佈之研究」，國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文。
沈明展、林淑雯、邊泰明（2006），台灣地區工業園區公共服務價值評估之研究，「台灣土地研究」，第8卷第2期，第49-72頁。
何思穎(2002)，「多國籍企業總部對從屬公司的資本分攤評價模式」，元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。
李小建(2008)，「經濟地理學二版」，北京：高等教育出版社。
李佳樺(2004)，「企業總部辦公室區位選擇與遷移-以台北都會區為例」，國立臺北大學地政學系研究所碩士論文。
吳秉鴻(2008)，「旗艦廠商投資母國區位選擇之研究」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文。
吳明隆(2008)，「SPSS操作與運用-多變量分析實務」，台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
林淑雯(2010a)，地區環境、網絡與廠商研發投入-台灣製造業的實證分析，「規劃學報」，第36期，第1-22頁。
林淑雯(2010b)，「跨國研發區位選擇與研發網絡治理之研究-以海峽兩岸台商為例」，國立政治大學地政學系博士論文。
林德福(2003)，「全球經濟中浮現的北臺都會區域─後進者全球生產網絡與空間結構轉化之研究」，臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所博士論文。
林德福、劉昭吟(2002)，「生產者服務業—隨製造業外移而消失或轉型？」，全球化台北研討會，台北市政府都市發展局主辦。
周文賢(2002)，「多變量統計分析」，台北：智勝文化。
金家禾(1999)，邁向世界都市之台北都會區產業結構與空間分佈變遷，「都市與計劃」，第26卷第2期，第95-112頁。
金家禾(2001)，全球化與台灣都會區生產者服務業之發展，「都市與計劃」，特刊：全球化與地方發展，第28卷第4期，第495-518頁。
洪翊晟(1999)，「企業總部地點之分析」，國立中山大學企管研究所碩士論文。
胡太山、張素莉(2001)，技術基礎設施、產業群聚與地方創新網絡建構之探討—以新竹科學園區暨周邊地區為例，「中華大學建築與規劃學報」，第2卷第1期，第27-42頁。
胡太山、林建元、錢學陶（2005），產業創新群聚浮現與科技社群互動對創新活動影響之探討--以新竹科學園區及周邊為例，「中華大學建築與規劃學報」，第6卷第1期，第43-60頁。
胡嘉瑋（2008），「企業集團兩岸投資空間區位選擇之研究」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文。
徐進鈺（1998），邁向一個學習性的區域?台北-新竹高科技走廊的廠商聚集與技術學習，「國立台灣師範大學地理研究報告」，第29期，第143-159頁。
徐進鈺、鄭陸霖(2001)，全球在地化的地理學：跨界組織場域的統理，「都市與計畫」，特刊：全球化與地方發展，第28卷第4期，第391-411頁。
陳信宏（2004），研發國際化與地主國區位優勢：旗艦級跨國企業在兩岸研發中心之比較，「台灣管理學刊」，第4卷第3期，第289-316頁。
康信鴻、廖婉孜（2006），影響台商赴大陸投資額與投資區位因素之實證研究，「Chiao Da Management Review」，第26卷第1期，第15-38頁。
張財銘(1990)，「集團特性對總管理處組織功能之影響研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
黃名義(2001)，不同產業企業總部辦公室之區位選擇，「建築學報」，第38期，第129-146頁。
黃名義、張金鶚(2005)，台北都會區大型企業的辦公室區位變遷研究，「管理評論」，第24卷第四期，第57-76頁。
楊友仁、夏鑄九（2005），跨界生產網絡之在地鑲嵌與地方性制度之演化：以大東筦地區為例，「都市與計劃」，第32卷第3期，第277-301頁。
劉孟俊(2007)，「區域創新與台商大陸研發網絡」，2007兩岸經濟發展與轉型研討會論文集，第183-209頁。
魏 艾（2003），「中國大陸經濟發展與市場轉型」，台北：揚智出版社。
邊泰明、麻匡復（2005），南港軟體園區產業群聚與制度厚實，「地理學報」，第40期，第46-67頁。
邊泰明(1992)，台灣地區製造業都市化及地方化經濟分析，「國立政治大學學報」，第66期，第233-248頁。
邊泰明(1997)，「生產性服務業區位與區域發展之研究」，國科會研究專案。
蘇裕榮(2001)，「英國高科技產業投資環分析」，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。



二、英文文獻
Albino, V. , Garavelli, C. and Schiuma, G. (1999). Knowledge transfer and inter-firm relationships inindustrial districts: the role of the leader firm, Technovation, 19: 53-63.
Aldrich, J. and Nelson, F. D. (1984). Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Anderson, G. (1994). Industry clustering for economic development, Economic Development Review, 12(2): 26-32.
Barry, F. and Walsh, F. (2008). Gains and losses from sectoral relocation: A review of theory and empirics, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 19: 4-16.
Bartik, T. (1985). Business location decisions in the United States: Estimates of the effects of unionization, taxes, and other characteristics of states, Journal of Business and Economic, 3: 14-22.
Basile, R., Castellni, D. and Zanfei, A. (2008). Location choices of multinational firms in Europe: The role of EU cohesion policy, Journal of International Economics, 74: 328-340.
Billington, N. (1999). The Location of foreign direct investment: an Empirical analysis, Applied Economics, 31(1): 65-76.
Blomstrom, M. and Lipsey, R. E. (1991). Firm size and foreign operations of multinationals, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 93(1): 101-107.
Boschma, R. A. and Lambooy, J. G. (2002). Knowledge, market structure and economic coordination: dynamics of industrial districts, Growth and Change, 33(3): 291-311.
Braun, B. M. and McHone, W. W. (1992). Science parks as economic development policy: a case study, Economic Development Quarterly, 6(2): 135-147.
Braunerhjelm, P. and Svensson, R. (1996). Host country characteristics and agglomeration in foreign direct investment, Applied Economics, 28: 833-840.
Brush, T. H., Maritan, C. A. and Karnani, A. (1999). The plant location decision in multinational manufacturing firms: an empirical analysis of international business and manufacturing strategy perspectives, Production and Operations Management, 8(2): 109-132.
Cainelli, G. and De Liso, N. (2005). Innovation in industrial districts:evidence from Italy, Industry and Innovation, 12(3): 383-398.
Cainelli, G., Iacobucci, D., and Morganti, E. (2006). Spatial agglomeration and business groups: new evidence from Italian industrial districts, Regional Studies, 40(5): 507-518.
Cantwell, J. (1992). The internationalization of technological activity and its implication for competitiveness, Technology management and international business – Internationalization of R&D and technology, 75-79.
Carlton, D. (1983). The location and employment choices of new firms: An econometric model with discrete and continuous endogenous variables, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65: 440-449.
Caves, R. (1996). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, C. H. (1996). Regional determinants of foreign direct investment in Mainland China, Journal of Economic Studies, 23(2): 18-30.
Chen, T. J. (1992). Determinants of Taiwan`s direct foreign investment: the case of a newly industrializing country, Journal of Development Economics, 39(2): 397-407.
Cheng, L. K. and Kwan, Y. K. (2000). What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience, Journal of International Economics, 51(2): 379-400.
Chidlow, A., Salciuviene, L. and Young, S. (2009). Regional determinants of inward FDI distribution in Poland, International Business Review, 18(2): 119-133.
Clapp, J., Pollakowski, H. O. and Lynford, L. (1992). Intrametropolitan location and office market dynamics, Real Estate Economics, 20(2): 229-258.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm, Economics, 4(16): 386-405.
Coe, N. M., Hess, M., Yeung, H. W-C., Dicken, P. and Henderson, J. (2004). Globalizing regional development: A global production networks perspective, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(4): 468-484.
Coffey, W. and Polese, M. (1987). Trade and location of producer services: a Canadian perspective, Environment and Planning A, 19: 597-611.
Coffey, W. J. (1996). Forward and backward linkage of producer-service establishments: evidence from the Montreal metropolitan, Urban Geography, 17: 604-632.
Cooke, P. (2002). Biotechnology clusters as regional, sectoral innovation systems, International Regional Science Review, 25(1): 8-37.
Coughlin, C., Terza, V. and Arromdee, V. (1991). State characteristics and the location of foreign direct investment within the United States, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73: 675-83.
Daniels, P. W. (1998). Economic Development and Producer Services Growth: the APEC Experience, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 39(2): 145-159.
Davidson, W. H. (1980). The location of foreign direct investment activity: Country characteristics and experience effect, Journal of International Business Studies, 11(2): 9-22.
Dekle, R. (2002). Industrial concentration and regional growth: evidence from the prefectures, Review of Economics and Statistics, 84: 310-315.
De Propris, L. (2005). Mapping local production systems in the UK: methodology and application, Regional Studies, 39(2): 197-211.
Diez, J. R. (2000). Innovative networks in manufacturing: some empirical evidence from the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Technovation, 20(3): 139-50.
DiPasquale, D. and Glaeser, E. (1999). Incentives and social capital: Are homeowners better citizens? , Journal of Urban Economics, 45: 354-84.
Disdier, A. C. and Mayer, T. (2004). How different is Eastern Europe? Structure and determinants of location choices by French firms in Eastern and Western Europe, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32: 280-96.
Dunning, J. H. (1973). The determinants of international production, Oxford Economic Papers, 25(3): 289-86.
Dunning, J. H. (1980). Towards an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests, Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 9-31.
Dunning, J. H. (1988). Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor? , Journal of International Business Studies, 29(1): 45-66.
Dunning, J. H. (1993). How should National Governments Respond to Globalization? , The International Executive, 35(3): 187-198.
Ernst, D. and Kim, L. (2002). Global Production Networks, Knowledge Diffusion, and Local Capability Formation, Research Policy, 31(8-9): 1417-1429.
Evangelista, R., Iammarino, S., Mastrostefano, V. and Silvani, A. (2002). Looking for regional systems of innovation: evidence from the Italian innovation survey, Regional Studies, 36(2) 173-186.
Feldman, M. P. and Florida, R. (1994). The geographic sources of innovation: technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States, Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 84(2): 210-229.
Felsenstein, D. (1994). University-related science parks — ‘seedbeds’ or ‘enclaves’ of innovation? , Technovation, 14(2): 93-110.
Ferdows, K. (1997). Making the most of foreign factories, Harvard Business Review, 75(2): 73-88.
Figueiredo, O., Guimarães, P., and Woodard, D. (2002). Home-field advantage: location decisions of Portuguese entrepreneurs, Journal of Urban Economics, 52: 341–361.
Fornahl, D. (2003), Entrepreneurial activities in a regional context, in Fornahl, D. & Brenner, T. (Eds.), Cooperation, Networks and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 38-57.
Fors, G. and Zejan, M. (1996). Overseas R&D by multinationals in foreign centers of excellence, Working Paper no. 111, The Economic Research Institute, Estocolmo: Stockholm School of Economics.
Frenkel, A. (2001). Why high-technology Firms Choose to Locate in or near Metropolitan Areas, Urban Studies, 38(7): 1083-1101.
Fritsch, M. (2002). Measuring the quality of regional innovation systems: a knowledge production function approach, International Regional Science Review, 25(1): 86-101.
Fu, X. (2004). Limited linkages from growth engines and regional dispartise in China, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32: 148-164.
Fu, X. (2008). Foreign direct investment, absorptive capacity and regional innovation capabilities: evidence from China, Oxford Development Studies, 36(1).
Gereffi, G. (1990). Paths of Industrialization: An Overview, in Gereff, G. and Wyman, D. L. (edits), Manufacturing Miracles, Princeton University Press,3-31.
Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A. and Shleifer, A. (1992). Growth in cities, The Journal of Political Economy, 100(6): 1126-1152.
Goe, W. (1994). The Producer Service Sector and Development within the Deinduetrializing Urban Community, Social Forces, 72(4): 971-1009.
Griliches, Z. (1992). The search for R&D spillovers, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94: 29-47.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness, American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481-510.
Guerrieri, P. and Pietrobelli, C. (2004). Industrial districts’ evolution and technological regimes: Italy and Taiwan, Technovation, 24: 899-914.
Guimarães, P., Figueiredo, O. and Woodward, D. (2000). Agglomeration and the location of foreign direct investment in Portugal, Journal of Urban Economics, 47: 115-135.
Hansen, E. (1987). Industrial location choices in sao Paulo, Brazil - a Nested Logit Model, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 17: 89-108.
Harrigan, J. (1995). Factor endowments and the international location of production: Econometric evidence for the OECD, 1970-1985, Journal of International Economics, 39(1): 123-142.
Hanson, R. (1983). Rethinking Urban Policy Development in Advanced Economies, Washington: National Academy Press.
Harrison, A. (1994). The role of multinationals in economics development: the benefit of FDI, Columbia Journal of World Business, 29(4): 6-11.
Hayter, R. (1997). The Dynamics of Industrial Location: The Factory, the Firm, and the Production System, Burnaby：Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University.
Head, K. and Mayer, T. (2004). Market potential and the location of Japanese investment in the European union, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(4): 959-972.
Healey, M. J. and Llbery, B. W. (1990). Location of Change: perspectives on economic geography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heimann, P. (2005). Foreign - owned R&D facilities in China, England, Germany, and Sweden: An analysis of regional entry and integration behavior, Working Paper, University of Augsburg, Germany, Faculty of Economics.
Hejazi, W. (2009). Does China receive more region FDI than gravity would suggest? , European Management Journal, 27: 327-335.
Helpman, E., Melitz, M. and Yeaple, S. (2004). Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms, American Economic Review, 94(1): 300-316.
Henderson, J. V. and Ono, Y. (2008). Where do manufacturing firms locate their headquarters? , Journal of Urban Economics, 63: 431-450.
Higashi, H. (1995). The technologies in Japan: its past and its future, Industry and Higher education, 357-364.
Holloway, S. and Wheeler, J. (1991). Corporate headquarters relocation and changes in metropolitan corporate dominance, Economics Geography, 50-72.
Hoover, E. M. (1948). The location of economic activity, New York.
Hsu, T. S. and Cheng, L. L. (2002). Revisiting economic development in post - war Taiwan: the dynamic process of geographical industrialization, Regional Studies, 36(8): 897-908.
Huang, W. (2006). Analysis on the Evolution of Firm Organization, China - USA Business Review, 5(4): 59-64.
Ihlanfeldt, K. R. and Raper, M. D. (1990). The Intrametropolitan of New Office Firms, Land Economics, 66(2): 182-198.
Jacobs, J. (1969). The economic of cities, New York: Vintage.
Jakobsen, S. and Onsager. K. (2005). Head Office Location:Agglomeration Clusters or Flow Nodes? , Urban Studies, 42(9): 1517-1535.
Jiang, F. (2005). Driving forces of international pharmaceutical firms` FDI into China, Journal of Business Strategies, 22(1): 21-39.
Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J. E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1): 23-32.
Kanter, R. M. (1995). Thriving locally in the global economy, Harvard Business Review, 73(5): 151-161.
Kotabei M., Srini S. S. and Preet S. A. (2002). Multinationality and firm performance: The moderating role of R&D and marketing capabilities, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1): 79-97.
Kravis, I. B. and Lipsey, R. E. (1982). The location of overseas production and production for export by US multinational firms, Journal of International Economics, 12(3/4): 201-223.
Krugman, P. (1991). History and industrial location: the case of manufacturing belt, American Economic Review, 81(2): 80-83.
Lansbury, M., Pain, N. and Smidkowa, K. (1996). Foreign direct investment in Central Europe since 1990: an econometric study, National Institute Economic Review, 156: 104-113.
Lee, H. Y., Lin, K. S. and Tsui, H. C. (2009). Home country effects of foreign direct investment: From a small economy to a large economy, Economic Modelling, 26: 1121-1128.
Ley, D. and Hutton, T. A. (1987). Vancouver’s corporate complex and producer services sector: linkages and divergence within a provincial staple economy, Regional Studies, 21: 423-424.
Lever, W. and Turok. I. (1999). Competitive Cities: Introduction to the Review, Urban Studies, 36(5-6): 791-793.
Levinson, A. (1996). Environmental regulations and manufacturer’s location choices: evidence from the census of manufacturers, Journal of Public Economics, 62: 5-29.
Linda, F. Y. N. and Chyau, T. (2006). Spatial agglomeration, FDI, and regional growth in China: Locality of local and foreign manufacturing investments, Journal of Asian Economics, 17: 691-713.
Lin, F. J. (2010). The determinants of foreign direct investment in China: the case of Taiwanese firms in the IT industry, Journal of Business Research, 63: 479-485.
Lin, S. W. and Ben, T. M. (2009). Impact of government and industrial agglomeration on industrial land prices: A Taiwanese case study, Habitat International, 33(4): 412-418.
Lovely, M. E., Rosenthal, S. S. and Sharma, S. (2005). Information, agglomeration, and the headquarters of US exporters, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 35: 167-191.
Luger, M. I. and Goldstein, H. A. (1991). Technology in the garden: research parks and regional economic development, The university of North Carolina Press.
Luger, M. and Shetty, S. (1985). Determinants of foreign plant start - ups in the United States: Lessons for policymakers in the Southeast, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 18: 223-245.
Makabenta, M. P. (2002). FDI location and special economic zones in the Philippines, Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 14(1): 59-77.
Markusen, A. (1996). Sticky places in slippery space, Economic Geography, 72(3): 293-313.
Marshall, A. (1890). Principal of economics: An introductory volume, New York:Free Press.
Marshall, J. N., Damesick. P. and Wood, P. (1987). Understanding the location and role of producer services in the United Kingdom, Environment and Planning A, 19: 575-595.
Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2002). The elusive concept of localization economics: toward a knowledge - based theory of spatial cluster, Environment and Planning A, 34: 429-449.
Mayer, T., Mejean, I. and Nefussi, B. (2010). The location of domestic and foreign production affiliates by French multinational firms, Journal of Urban Economics, 68(2): 115-128.
McBeath, G. A. (1999). Foreign directinvestment (FDI) management and economic crisis in Asia: Taiwan`s changing strategy, Management International Review, 39: 105-135.
Mccann, P. and Mudambi, R. (2004). The location behavior of the multinational enterprise: some analytical issues, Growth and Change, 35(4): 491-524.
Na ,L. and Lightfoot, W. S. (2006). Determinants of foreign direct investment at the regional level in China, Journal of Technology Management in China, 1(3): 262-278.
Nerlinger, E. and Licht, G. (1998). New technology - based firms in Germany: a survey of the recent evidence, Research Policy, 26(9): 1005-1022.
Newlands, D. (2003). Competition and cooperation in industrial clusters: the implications for public policy, European Planning Studies, 11(5): 521-532.
Nicholas, S., Purcell, W. and Gray, S. (2001). Regional clusters, location tournaments and incentives: An empirical analysis of factors attracting Japanese investment to Singapore, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 18(3): 395-405.
Ono, Y. (2006). What Do Census Data Tell Us About Headquarters Location? , Economic Development Quarterly, 20: 129-142.
Porter, M. (2000). Location competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy, Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1): 15-34.
Powell, W. W. (1987). Hybrid organizational qrrangements: New from transitional development, California Management Review, 67-87.
Rugman, A. M. , and D’Cruz, J. (1997). The theory of the flagship firm, European Management Journal, 15(4): 403-412.
Rugman, A. M. and Gestrin, M. (1993). The strategic response of multinational enterprises to NAFTA, Columbia Journal of World Business, 28(4): 18-29.
Rugman, A. M. and Collinson, S. (2005). Multinational enterprises in the new Europe: are they really global? , Organization Dynamics, 34(3): 258-272.
Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2005). Toward a theory of regional multinationals: a transaction cost Economics approach, Management international Review, 45: 5-17.
Sassen, S. (2002). Global Networks: Linked Cities, London: Routledge.
Saxenian A. (1994). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Harvard University Press.
Schriner, J. A. (1999). Prepare for location decisions, Industry Week, 248: 20.
Sforzi, F. (2002). The industrial districts and the ‘new’ Itlian economic geography, European Planning studies, 10(4): 439-447.
Shilton, L. and Stanley, C. (1999). Spatial Patterns of Headquarters, Journal of Real Estate Research, 17(3): 341-364.
Shilton, L. and Webb, J. R. (1995). Headquarters, office employment, and the wave of urbanization in the New York city region, Journal of Real Estate Economics and Finance, 10: 145-159.
Somlev, I. P. and Hoshino, Y. (2005). Influence of location factors on establishment and ownership of foreign investments: the case of the Japanese manufacturing firms in Europe, International Business Review, 14: 577-598.
Storey, D. J. and Tether, B. S. (1998). Public policy measures to support new technology - based firms in the European Union, Research Policy, 26: 1037-1057.
Storper, M. (1995). The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies, European Urban and Regional Studies, 2: 191-222.
Storper, M. (1997). Erritories, Flows, and Hierarchies in the Global Economy, in Cox, K., (ed.) Space of lobalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local, NY: The Guilford Press.
Thompson, E. R. (2002). Clustering of foreign direct investment and enhanced technology transfer: evidence from Hong Kong garment firms in China, World Development, 30(5): 873-889.
Vedovello, C. (1998). University - Industry Links and their Outputs: some Evidence within the Context of a Science Park, presented at the 7th International Conference on Management of Technology, during 16 - 20 February, in Grosvenor Resort, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2): 190-207.
Wallsten, S. (2001). The role of government in regional technology development: The effects of public venture capital and science Parks, Paper presented at the Stanford Iinstitute for Economic Policy Research 2001, Stanford :USA,00-39
Weber, A. (1909). Theory of the location of industry, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Woodward, D. (1992). Locational determinants of Japanese manufacturing start - ups in the United States, Southern Economic Journal, 58: 261-273.
Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes, Canadian Journal of Public Policy Research, 2(1): 1-10.
Yip, G. S. (1989). Global Strategy in a World of Nations? , Sloan Management Review, 31(1): 59-68.
Zhang, K. H. (2001). What attracts foreign multinational corporations to China, Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(3): 336-346.
Zhang, K. H. (2005). Why does so much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan go to Mainland China? , China Economic Review, 16: 293-307.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
91257506
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091257506
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邊泰明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王冠斐zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王冠斐zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Sep-2013 14:47:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Sep-2013 14:47:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Sep-2013 14:47:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0091257506en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59799-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91257506zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究著眼於台灣經濟轉型、中國經濟的崛起與台灣企業組織的變化，從台灣企業集團的總部設立、跨界投資的區位選擇及在地再投資三個面向進行討論，期望在既有的研究基礎上，就台灣廠商在兩岸投資區位佈點的考量提出完整性的觀察，並強化既有的研究。
首先，以台灣1000大製造業為研究樣本，選擇包括純辦公室使用、研發設計、台商一千大、跨國生產網絡、外資企業、員工人數、資本總額、知識密集型、傳統型製造業等變項分別代表總部功能、跨界治理能力及企業屬性三大類變數，透過二元羅吉特模型以及集群分析方法，探討台灣企業在首都、都會區以及生產性服務業及創新氛圍同質性地區的總部設立區位選擇行為。實證的結果發現，代表企業屬性變數的資產總額、員工人數和產業別明顯影響台灣製造業廠商在首都設立總部的區位選擇，而總部功能為純辦公室使用或設有研發機構者更傾向將總部設立於首都或都會區，跨界治理能力的影響則未能獲得證實。另外，過去國內在研究企業總部地點選擇研究上較少從創新氛圍角度出發，而本研究實證的結果發現，台灣製造業廠商企業總部的區位選擇不僅受到地區生產性服務業的影響，也受到地區創新氛圍的影響。
在跨界投資區位選擇部分，本研究以台灣250大企業集團中的知識密集型製造業集團為研究對象，以台灣、環渤海地區、長江三角洲地區、珠江三角洲地區為研究場域，選擇企業特性與投資區位條件變數，並以多項羅吉特模型進行實證分析。其中，企業特性變數為產業類別、投資經驗、投資時間等三項因子，而投資區位條件則有勞工薪資、市場規模、區域創新強度及外資投資強度等因子。實證結果發現，代表經濟發展階段的投資時間變項確實會影響企業集團的區位選擇行為，產業的類別不同其區位選擇也會不同，先前的投資經驗雖然影響區位選擇。但是與過去研究不同的是，本次實證發現對台灣企業來說面對相似而且鄰近的市場，進入新市場的動機可能比過去的投資經驗來得重要的多，同時投資區位條件亦會影響區位選擇行為。另外，過去較少直接連結廠商生產面的區域創新能力亦明顯影響企業集團的區位選擇，因此本研究認為區域創新活動對於跨國企業在地化取得知識及技術亦具有相當重要的意義。
在地再投資部分以台灣製造業1000大廠商中知識密集型製造業為研究對象，並以工業地域觀點所劃分的台灣地區北、中、南三大區域為研究場域，選擇包括在台投資經驗、總部區位、第一次投資決策、路徑依循等企業廠商組織決策之屬性變數，以及包含區域中科學園區的設立、產業專業化係數、雜異化指標等區域環境變數，透過多項羅吉特模型進行實證分析。實證的結果發現，總部區位確實影響後續再投資的工廠區位選擇，第一次的投資決策經驗對於第二次投資的區位選擇行為影響比總部區位的影響明顯，代表時間演進而產生路徑相依的地區經濟型態差異變項也確實會影響區位選擇行為。而當區域內科學園區的發展相較未臻成熟時，其區域的賦能仍不足以吸引企業廠商進駐，至於台灣企業的再投資區位選擇基於對區域特性的了解較偏好區域內工業地域的地方化經濟，而不偏好區域內工業地域的都市化經濟。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Stressed on the Taiwanese economical transition, the up-rising of Chinese economy and the change of Taiwanese enterprise organization as well as based on the past research, this study explores the factors affecting location selection behavior of Taiwanese firms across Taiwan Strait from three aspects including the establishment of enterprise headquarter, cross-border investment and local re-investment.
On the establishment of enterprise headquarter, the top 1000 manufacturing firms in Taiwan were sampled and some factors were analyzed including office type, R&D, multinational production network, foreign enterprise, number of employee, total asset, knowledge-intensive business, and traditional manufacturing firms. However, these factors could be classed into three fields: headquarter function, cross-border management ability and firm characteristics. Then, the location selection behavior of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter was examined by the techniques of binary logit model and cluster analysis technique among capital area, urban area and homogenous area with productive service industry and innovation-based cluster.
The results of empirical analysis show that the factors represented firm characteristics including total asset, number of employee and enterprise type significantly affected the location selection of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter. Furthermore, it is also verified that the enterprise headquarter had been established in capital or urban area if the headquarter was provided with R&D or simply used as office, but the effect of cross-border management upon headquarter establishment is insignificant. The effect of innovation-based cluster upon location selection of enterprise headquarter is seldom studied in the past. However, according to empirical results in this study, they show that location selection of Taiwanese enterprise headquarter is affected not only by local Productive Service industry but also by regional innovation-based cluster.
On the location selection of cross-border investment, this study focused on the area of Taiwan, Bohai Economic Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The top 250 Taiwanese enterprise groups were taken into consideration, and the multinomial Logit model was adopted for empirical analysis in which firm characteristics and location conditions were chosen as research variables. Where, firm characteristics contained industrial type, investing experience and investment time, and location conditions included labor cost, market scale, regional innovation intensity and foreign investment intensity.
The empirical results indicate that industrial type and investment time significantly affect the selection of investment locations. In contrast, investment experience only slightly influences the selection of investment locations. In addition, we find that entrepreneurial motivation to enter new markets may be much more influential than prior location investment experiences for Taiwanese enterprises functioning within similar markets. Regional differences shaping investment conditions in Taiwan and mainland China also affect the selection of investment locations. Our analysis shows a particularly strong linkage between regional innovation capacity and the selection of investment locations. This implies that regional innovation capacity plays a very important role in the selection of investment locations for multinational enterprises
On local re-investment, the top 1000 knowledge-intensive manufacturers in Taiwan were the samples divided by region into the northern, central and southern Taiwan groups by administrative region. The factors affecting organizational decisions were the attribute variables, including Taiwan investment experience, headquarters location, first investment experience and path dependence; and the factors affecting location selection were the regional environment variables, including regional science park status, industry specialization coefficient and Hirschman-Herfindahl index (HHI). The multinomial Logit model was used for empirical analysis, and the results show that the headquarters location affects plant location selection in re-investment, and the first investment experience has a more significant effect on the plant location selection in the second investment than the headquarters location, suggesting that the path-dependent heterogeneity in regional economic style developed over time affects location selection. Also, the immaturity of regional science parks affects plant location selection when regional empowerment cannot attract enterprises. Lastly, Taiwanese enterprises prefer regions with localized economies to regions with urbanized economies for plant location selection.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究範疇與內容 7
第三節 研究方法與流程 9
第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 11
第一節 廠商組織行為及空間發展模式 11
第二節 產業區位選擇理論 16
第三節 企業總部區位選擇 18
第四節 跨國企業區位選擇 25
第五節 在地生產系統與區域賦能 33
第三章 研究設計 41
第一節 研究設計與假說研擬 41
第二節 模型建構與研究方法 47
第四章 企業總部區位選擇 58
第一節 一千大企業總部現況分析 58
第二節 研究樣本及變數 68
第三節 實證結果與假說驗證 72
第四節 小結 80
第五章 跨界投資區位選擇 82
第一節 兩岸投資分析 82
第二節 樣本及研究變數 96
第三節 實證結果與假說驗證 102
第四節 小結 107
第六章 在地再投資區位選擇 109
第一節 台灣三大區域發展與製造業1000大分析 109
第二節 樣本及研究變數 122
第三節 實證結果與假說驗證 128
第四節 小結 136
第七章 結論與建議 138
第一節 結論 138
第二節 建議 145
參考文獻 149
附錄 159		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2698323 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091257506en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 製造業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業集團zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 總部zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 再投資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區位選擇zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 二元羅吉特zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多項羅吉特zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manufacturing Firmsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Enterprise Groupen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Enterprise Headquarteren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Re-investmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Location Selectionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Binary Logiten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Multinomial Logit Modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 跨界投資與在地再投資區位選擇研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A study on location selection of trans-border investment and reinvestment in home countryen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻
于宗先、王金利(2003)，「一隻看得見的手―政府在經濟發展過程中的角色」，台北：聯經出版社。
中華徵信所(2007)，「台灣地區集團企業研究」，台北：中華徵信所。
王振寰（1997），跨國界區域經濟形成的統理機制：以台灣資本外移南中國為例，「台灣社會研究季刊」，第27期，第1-36頁。
王緝慈（2001），「創新的空間—企業集群與區域發展」，北京：北京大學。
田揚名(2006)，「台灣地區製造業總部區位分佈之研究」，國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文。
沈明展、林淑雯、邊泰明（2006），台灣地區工業園區公共服務價值評估之研究，「台灣土地研究」，第8卷第2期，第49-72頁。
何思穎(2002)，「多國籍企業總部對從屬公司的資本分攤評價模式」，元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。
李小建(2008)，「經濟地理學二版」，北京：高等教育出版社。
李佳樺(2004)，「企業總部辦公室區位選擇與遷移-以台北都會區為例」，國立臺北大學地政學系研究所碩士論文。
吳秉鴻(2008)，「旗艦廠商投資母國區位選擇之研究」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文。
吳明隆(2008)，「SPSS操作與運用-多變量分析實務」，台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
林淑雯(2010a)，地區環境、網絡與廠商研發投入-台灣製造業的實證分析，「規劃學報」，第36期，第1-22頁。
林淑雯(2010b)，「跨國研發區位選擇與研發網絡治理之研究-以海峽兩岸台商為例」，國立政治大學地政學系博士論文。
林德福(2003)，「全球經濟中浮現的北臺都會區域─後進者全球生產網絡與空間結構轉化之研究」，臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所博士論文。
林德福、劉昭吟(2002)，「生產者服務業—隨製造業外移而消失或轉型？」，全球化台北研討會，台北市政府都市發展局主辦。
周文賢(2002)，「多變量統計分析」，台北：智勝文化。
金家禾(1999)，邁向世界都市之台北都會區產業結構與空間分佈變遷，「都市與計劃」，第26卷第2期，第95-112頁。
金家禾(2001)，全球化與台灣都會區生產者服務業之發展，「都市與計劃」，特刊：全球化與地方發展，第28卷第4期，第495-518頁。
洪翊晟(1999)，「企業總部地點之分析」，國立中山大學企管研究所碩士論文。
胡太山、張素莉(2001)，技術基礎設施、產業群聚與地方創新網絡建構之探討—以新竹科學園區暨周邊地區為例，「中華大學建築與規劃學報」，第2卷第1期，第27-42頁。
胡太山、林建元、錢學陶（2005），產業創新群聚浮現與科技社群互動對創新活動影響之探討--以新竹科學園區及周邊為例，「中華大學建築與規劃學報」，第6卷第1期，第43-60頁。
胡嘉瑋（2008），「企業集團兩岸投資空間區位選擇之研究」，國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文。
徐進鈺（1998），邁向一個學習性的區域?台北-新竹高科技走廊的廠商聚集與技術學習，「國立台灣師範大學地理研究報告」，第29期，第143-159頁。
徐進鈺、鄭陸霖(2001)，全球在地化的地理學：跨界組織場域的統理，「都市與計畫」，特刊：全球化與地方發展，第28卷第4期，第391-411頁。
陳信宏（2004），研發國際化與地主國區位優勢：旗艦級跨國企業在兩岸研發中心之比較，「台灣管理學刊」，第4卷第3期，第289-316頁。
康信鴻、廖婉孜（2006），影響台商赴大陸投資額與投資區位因素之實證研究，「Chiao Da Management Review」，第26卷第1期，第15-38頁。
張財銘(1990)，「集團特性對總管理處組織功能之影響研究」，國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
黃名義(2001)，不同產業企業總部辦公室之區位選擇，「建築學報」，第38期，第129-146頁。
黃名義、張金鶚(2005)，台北都會區大型企業的辦公室區位變遷研究，「管理評論」，第24卷第四期，第57-76頁。
楊友仁、夏鑄九（2005），跨界生產網絡之在地鑲嵌與地方性制度之演化：以大東筦地區為例，「都市與計劃」，第32卷第3期，第277-301頁。
劉孟俊(2007)，「區域創新與台商大陸研發網絡」，2007兩岸經濟發展與轉型研討會論文集，第183-209頁。
魏 艾（2003），「中國大陸經濟發展與市場轉型」，台北：揚智出版社。
邊泰明、麻匡復（2005），南港軟體園區產業群聚與制度厚實，「地理學報」，第40期，第46-67頁。
邊泰明(1992)，台灣地區製造業都市化及地方化經濟分析，「國立政治大學學報」，第66期，第233-248頁。
邊泰明(1997)，「生產性服務業區位與區域發展之研究」，國科會研究專案。
蘇裕榮(2001)，「英國高科技產業投資環分析」，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。



二、英文文獻
Albino, V. , Garavelli, C. and Schiuma, G. (1999). Knowledge transfer and inter-firm relationships inindustrial districts: the role of the leader firm, Technovation, 19: 53-63.
Aldrich, J. and Nelson, F. D. (1984). Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Anderson, G. (1994). Industry clustering for economic development, Economic Development Review, 12(2): 26-32.
Barry, F. and Walsh, F. (2008). Gains and losses from sectoral relocation: A review of theory and empirics, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 19: 4-16.
Bartik, T. (1985). Business location decisions in the United States: Estimates of the effects of unionization, taxes, and other characteristics of states, Journal of Business and Economic, 3: 14-22.
Basile, R., Castellni, D. and Zanfei, A. (2008). Location choices of multinational firms in Europe: The role of EU cohesion policy, Journal of International Economics, 74: 328-340.
Billington, N. (1999). The Location of foreign direct investment: an Empirical analysis, Applied Economics, 31(1): 65-76.
Blomstrom, M. and Lipsey, R. E. (1991). Firm size and foreign operations of multinationals, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 93(1): 101-107.
Boschma, R. A. and Lambooy, J. G. (2002). Knowledge, market structure and economic coordination: dynamics of industrial districts, Growth and Change, 33(3): 291-311.
Braun, B. M. and McHone, W. W. (1992). Science parks as economic development policy: a case study, Economic Development Quarterly, 6(2): 135-147.
Braunerhjelm, P. and Svensson, R. (1996). Host country characteristics and agglomeration in foreign direct investment, Applied Economics, 28: 833-840.
Brush, T. H., Maritan, C. A. and Karnani, A. (1999). The plant location decision in multinational manufacturing firms: an empirical analysis of international business and manufacturing strategy perspectives, Production and Operations Management, 8(2): 109-132.
Cainelli, G. and De Liso, N. (2005). Innovation in industrial districts:evidence from Italy, Industry and Innovation, 12(3): 383-398.
Cainelli, G., Iacobucci, D., and Morganti, E. (2006). Spatial agglomeration and business groups: new evidence from Italian industrial districts, Regional Studies, 40(5): 507-518.
Cantwell, J. (1992). The internationalization of technological activity and its implication for competitiveness, Technology management and international business – Internationalization of R&D and technology, 75-79.
Carlton, D. (1983). The location and employment choices of new firms: An econometric model with discrete and continuous endogenous variables, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65: 440-449.
Caves, R. (1996). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, C. H. (1996). Regional determinants of foreign direct investment in Mainland China, Journal of Economic Studies, 23(2): 18-30.
Chen, T. J. (1992). Determinants of Taiwan`s direct foreign investment: the case of a newly industrializing country, Journal of Development Economics, 39(2): 397-407.
Cheng, L. K. and Kwan, Y. K. (2000). What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience, Journal of International Economics, 51(2): 379-400.
Chidlow, A., Salciuviene, L. and Young, S. (2009). Regional determinants of inward FDI distribution in Poland, International Business Review, 18(2): 119-133.
Clapp, J., Pollakowski, H. O. and Lynford, L. (1992). Intrametropolitan location and office market dynamics, Real Estate Economics, 20(2): 229-258.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm, Economics, 4(16): 386-405.
Coe, N. M., Hess, M., Yeung, H. W-C., Dicken, P. and Henderson, J. (2004). Globalizing regional development: A global production networks perspective, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(4): 468-484.
Coffey, W. and Polese, M. (1987). Trade and location of producer services: a Canadian perspective, Environment and Planning A, 19: 597-611.
Coffey, W. J. (1996). Forward and backward linkage of producer-service establishments: evidence from the Montreal metropolitan, Urban Geography, 17: 604-632.
Cooke, P. (2002). Biotechnology clusters as regional, sectoral innovation systems, International Regional Science Review, 25(1): 8-37.
Coughlin, C., Terza, V. and Arromdee, V. (1991). State characteristics and the location of foreign direct investment within the United States, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73: 675-83.
Daniels, P. W. (1998). Economic Development and Producer Services Growth: the APEC Experience, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 39(2): 145-159.
Davidson, W. H. (1980). The location of foreign direct investment activity: Country characteristics and experience effect, Journal of International Business Studies, 11(2): 9-22.
Dekle, R. (2002). Industrial concentration and regional growth: evidence from the prefectures, Review of Economics and Statistics, 84: 310-315.
De Propris, L. (2005). Mapping local production systems in the UK: methodology and application, Regional Studies, 39(2): 197-211.
Diez, J. R. (2000). Innovative networks in manufacturing: some empirical evidence from the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Technovation, 20(3): 139-50.
DiPasquale, D. and Glaeser, E. (1999). Incentives and social capital: Are homeowners better citizens? , Journal of Urban Economics, 45: 354-84.
Disdier, A. C. and Mayer, T. (2004). How different is Eastern Europe? Structure and determinants of location choices by French firms in Eastern and Western Europe, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32: 280-96.
Dunning, J. H. (1973). The determinants of international production, Oxford Economic Papers, 25(3): 289-86.
Dunning, J. H. (1980). Towards an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests, Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 9-31.
Dunning, J. H. (1988). Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor? , Journal of International Business Studies, 29(1): 45-66.
Dunning, J. H. (1993). How should National Governments Respond to Globalization? , The International Executive, 35(3): 187-198.
Ernst, D. and Kim, L. (2002). Global Production Networks, Knowledge Diffusion, and Local Capability Formation, Research Policy, 31(8-9): 1417-1429.
Evangelista, R., Iammarino, S., Mastrostefano, V. and Silvani, A. (2002). Looking for regional systems of innovation: evidence from the Italian innovation survey, Regional Studies, 36(2) 173-186.
Feldman, M. P. and Florida, R. (1994). The geographic sources of innovation: technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States, Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 84(2): 210-229.
Felsenstein, D. (1994). University-related science parks — ‘seedbeds’ or ‘enclaves’ of innovation? , Technovation, 14(2): 93-110.
Ferdows, K. (1997). Making the most of foreign factories, Harvard Business Review, 75(2): 73-88.
Figueiredo, O., Guimarães, P., and Woodard, D. (2002). Home-field advantage: location decisions of Portuguese entrepreneurs, Journal of Urban Economics, 52: 341–361.
Fornahl, D. (2003), Entrepreneurial activities in a regional context, in Fornahl, D. & Brenner, T. (Eds.), Cooperation, Networks and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 38-57.
Fors, G. and Zejan, M. (1996). Overseas R&D by multinationals in foreign centers of excellence, Working Paper no. 111, The Economic Research Institute, Estocolmo: Stockholm School of Economics.
Frenkel, A. (2001). Why high-technology Firms Choose to Locate in or near Metropolitan Areas, Urban Studies, 38(7): 1083-1101.
Fritsch, M. (2002). Measuring the quality of regional innovation systems: a knowledge production function approach, International Regional Science Review, 25(1): 86-101.
Fu, X. (2004). Limited linkages from growth engines and regional dispartise in China, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32: 148-164.
Fu, X. (2008). Foreign direct investment, absorptive capacity and regional innovation capabilities: evidence from China, Oxford Development Studies, 36(1).
Gereffi, G. (1990). Paths of Industrialization: An Overview, in Gereff, G. and Wyman, D. L. (edits), Manufacturing Miracles, Princeton University Press,3-31.
Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkman, J. A. and Shleifer, A. (1992). Growth in cities, The Journal of Political Economy, 100(6): 1126-1152.
Goe, W. (1994). The Producer Service Sector and Development within the Deinduetrializing Urban Community, Social Forces, 72(4): 971-1009.
Griliches, Z. (1992). The search for R&D spillovers, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94: 29-47.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness, American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481-510.
Guerrieri, P. and Pietrobelli, C. (2004). Industrial districts’ evolution and technological regimes: Italy and Taiwan, Technovation, 24: 899-914.
Guimarães, P., Figueiredo, O. and Woodward, D. (2000). Agglomeration and the location of foreign direct investment in Portugal, Journal of Urban Economics, 47: 115-135.
Hansen, E. (1987). Industrial location choices in sao Paulo, Brazil - a Nested Logit Model, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 17: 89-108.
Harrigan, J. (1995). Factor endowments and the international location of production: Econometric evidence for the OECD, 1970-1985, Journal of International Economics, 39(1): 123-142.
Hanson, R. (1983). Rethinking Urban Policy Development in Advanced Economies, Washington: National Academy Press.
Harrison, A. (1994). The role of multinationals in economics development: the benefit of FDI, Columbia Journal of World Business, 29(4): 6-11.
Hayter, R. (1997). The Dynamics of Industrial Location: The Factory, the Firm, and the Production System, Burnaby：Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University.
Head, K. and Mayer, T. (2004). Market potential and the location of Japanese investment in the European union, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(4): 959-972.
Healey, M. J. and Llbery, B. W. (1990). Location of Change: perspectives on economic geography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heimann, P. (2005). Foreign - owned R&D facilities in China, England, Germany, and Sweden: An analysis of regional entry and integration behavior, Working Paper, University of Augsburg, Germany, Faculty of Economics.
Hejazi, W. (2009). Does China receive more region FDI than gravity would suggest? , European Management Journal, 27: 327-335.
Helpman, E., Melitz, M. and Yeaple, S. (2004). Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms, American Economic Review, 94(1): 300-316.
Henderson, J. V. and Ono, Y. (2008). Where do manufacturing firms locate their headquarters? , Journal of Urban Economics, 63: 431-450.
Higashi, H. (1995). The technologies in Japan: its past and its future, Industry and Higher education, 357-364.
Holloway, S. and Wheeler, J. (1991). Corporate headquarters relocation and changes in metropolitan corporate dominance, Economics Geography, 50-72.
Hoover, E. M. (1948). The location of economic activity, New York.
Hsu, T. S. and Cheng, L. L. (2002). Revisiting economic development in post - war Taiwan: the dynamic process of geographical industrialization, Regional Studies, 36(8): 897-908.
Huang, W. (2006). Analysis on the Evolution of Firm Organization, China - USA Business Review, 5(4): 59-64.
Ihlanfeldt, K. R. and Raper, M. D. (1990). The Intrametropolitan of New Office Firms, Land Economics, 66(2): 182-198.
Jacobs, J. (1969). The economic of cities, New York: Vintage.
Jakobsen, S. and Onsager. K. (2005). Head Office Location:Agglomeration Clusters or Flow Nodes? , Urban Studies, 42(9): 1517-1535.
Jiang, F. (2005). Driving forces of international pharmaceutical firms` FDI into China, Journal of Business Strategies, 22(1): 21-39.
Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J. E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm: a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1): 23-32.
Kanter, R. M. (1995). Thriving locally in the global economy, Harvard Business Review, 73(5): 151-161.
Kotabei M., Srini S. S. and Preet S. A. (2002). Multinationality and firm performance: The moderating role of R&D and marketing capabilities, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(1): 79-97.
Kravis, I. B. and Lipsey, R. E. (1982). The location of overseas production and production for export by US multinational firms, Journal of International Economics, 12(3/4): 201-223.
Krugman, P. (1991). History and industrial location: the case of manufacturing belt, American Economic Review, 81(2): 80-83.
Lansbury, M., Pain, N. and Smidkowa, K. (1996). Foreign direct investment in Central Europe since 1990: an econometric study, National Institute Economic Review, 156: 104-113.
Lee, H. Y., Lin, K. S. and Tsui, H. C. (2009). Home country effects of foreign direct investment: From a small economy to a large economy, Economic Modelling, 26: 1121-1128.
Ley, D. and Hutton, T. A. (1987). Vancouver’s corporate complex and producer services sector: linkages and divergence within a provincial staple economy, Regional Studies, 21: 423-424.
Lever, W. and Turok. I. (1999). Competitive Cities: Introduction to the Review, Urban Studies, 36(5-6): 791-793.
Levinson, A. (1996). Environmental regulations and manufacturer’s location choices: evidence from the census of manufacturers, Journal of Public Economics, 62: 5-29.
Linda, F. Y. N. and Chyau, T. (2006). Spatial agglomeration, FDI, and regional growth in China: Locality of local and foreign manufacturing investments, Journal of Asian Economics, 17: 691-713.
Lin, F. J. (2010). The determinants of foreign direct investment in China: the case of Taiwanese firms in the IT industry, Journal of Business Research, 63: 479-485.
Lin, S. W. and Ben, T. M. (2009). Impact of government and industrial agglomeration on industrial land prices: A Taiwanese case study, Habitat International, 33(4): 412-418.
Lovely, M. E., Rosenthal, S. S. and Sharma, S. (2005). Information, agglomeration, and the headquarters of US exporters, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 35: 167-191.
Luger, M. I. and Goldstein, H. A. (1991). Technology in the garden: research parks and regional economic development, The university of North Carolina Press.
Luger, M. and Shetty, S. (1985). Determinants of foreign plant start - ups in the United States: Lessons for policymakers in the Southeast, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 18: 223-245.
Makabenta, M. P. (2002). FDI location and special economic zones in the Philippines, Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 14(1): 59-77.
Markusen, A. (1996). Sticky places in slippery space, Economic Geography, 72(3): 293-313.
Marshall, A. (1890). Principal of economics: An introductory volume, New York:Free Press.
Marshall, J. N., Damesick. P. and Wood, P. (1987). Understanding the location and role of producer services in the United Kingdom, Environment and Planning A, 19: 575-595.
Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P. (2002). The elusive concept of localization economics: toward a knowledge - based theory of spatial cluster, Environment and Planning A, 34: 429-449.
Mayer, T., Mejean, I. and Nefussi, B. (2010). The location of domestic and foreign production affiliates by French multinational firms, Journal of Urban Economics, 68(2): 115-128.
McBeath, G. A. (1999). Foreign directinvestment (FDI) management and economic crisis in Asia: Taiwan`s changing strategy, Management International Review, 39: 105-135.
Mccann, P. and Mudambi, R. (2004). The location behavior of the multinational enterprise: some analytical issues, Growth and Change, 35(4): 491-524.
Na ,L. and Lightfoot, W. S. (2006). Determinants of foreign direct investment at the regional level in China, Journal of Technology Management in China, 1(3): 262-278.
Nerlinger, E. and Licht, G. (1998). New technology - based firms in Germany: a survey of the recent evidence, Research Policy, 26(9): 1005-1022.
Newlands, D. (2003). Competition and cooperation in industrial clusters: the implications for public policy, European Planning Studies, 11(5): 521-532.
Nicholas, S., Purcell, W. and Gray, S. (2001). Regional clusters, location tournaments and incentives: An empirical analysis of factors attracting Japanese investment to Singapore, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 18(3): 395-405.
Ono, Y. (2006). What Do Census Data Tell Us About Headquarters Location? , Economic Development Quarterly, 20: 129-142.
Porter, M. (2000). Location competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy, Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1): 15-34.
Powell, W. W. (1987). Hybrid organizational qrrangements: New from transitional development, California Management Review, 67-87.
Rugman, A. M. , and D’Cruz, J. (1997). The theory of the flagship firm, European Management Journal, 15(4): 403-412.
Rugman, A. M. and Gestrin, M. (1993). The strategic response of multinational enterprises to NAFTA, Columbia Journal of World Business, 28(4): 18-29.
Rugman, A. M. and Collinson, S. (2005). Multinational enterprises in the new Europe: are they really global? , Organization Dynamics, 34(3): 258-272.
Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2005). Toward a theory of regional multinationals: a transaction cost Economics approach, Management international Review, 45: 5-17.
Sassen, S. (2002). Global Networks: Linked Cities, London: Routledge.
Saxenian A. (1994). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Harvard University Press.
Schriner, J. A. (1999). Prepare for location decisions, Industry Week, 248: 20.
Sforzi, F. (2002). The industrial districts and the ‘new’ Itlian economic geography, European Planning studies, 10(4): 439-447.
Shilton, L. and Stanley, C. (1999). Spatial Patterns of Headquarters, Journal of Real Estate Research, 17(3): 341-364.
Shilton, L. and Webb, J. R. (1995). Headquarters, office employment, and the wave of urbanization in the New York city region, Journal of Real Estate Economics and Finance, 10: 145-159.
Somlev, I. P. and Hoshino, Y. (2005). Influence of location factors on establishment and ownership of foreign investments: the case of the Japanese manufacturing firms in Europe, International Business Review, 14: 577-598.
Storey, D. J. and Tether, B. S. (1998). Public policy measures to support new technology - based firms in the European Union, Research Policy, 26: 1037-1057.
Storper, M. (1995). The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies, European Urban and Regional Studies, 2: 191-222.
Storper, M. (1997). Erritories, Flows, and Hierarchies in the Global Economy, in Cox, K., (ed.) Space of lobalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local, NY: The Guilford Press.
Thompson, E. R. (2002). Clustering of foreign direct investment and enhanced technology transfer: evidence from Hong Kong garment firms in China, World Development, 30(5): 873-889.
Vedovello, C. (1998). University - Industry Links and their Outputs: some Evidence within the Context of a Science Park, presented at the 7th International Conference on Management of Technology, during 16 - 20 February, in Grosvenor Resort, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the Product Cycle, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2): 190-207.
Wallsten, S. (2001). The role of government in regional technology development: The effects of public venture capital and science Parks, Paper presented at the Stanford Iinstitute for Economic Policy Research 2001, Stanford :USA,00-39
Weber, A. (1909). Theory of the location of industry, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Woodward, D. (1992). Locational determinants of Japanese manufacturing start - ups in the United States, Southern Economic Journal, 58: 261-273.
Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes, Canadian Journal of Public Policy Research, 2(1): 1-10.
Yip, G. S. (1989). Global Strategy in a World of Nations? , Sloan Management Review, 31(1): 59-68.
Zhang, K. H. (2001). What attracts foreign multinational corporations to China, Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(3): 336-346.
Zhang, K. H. (2005). Why does so much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan go to Mainland China? , China Economic Review, 16: 293-307.		zh_TW