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題名 研發網絡、信任關係與廠商績效
The effect of trust on firm performance in r&d network
作者 王宜婷
貢獻者 邊泰明
王宜婷
關鍵詞 研發網絡
信任
廠商績效
路徑分析
日期 2009
上傳時間 3-Sep-2013 14:50:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 面臨產業全球化的時代，產品製造過程因專業化分工而逐漸形成緊密連結。而以研發創新為主要目的所建構的產業連結，稱之為研發網絡。大量的技術知識流於研發網絡內產生，成員彼此間分攤重大創新技術的開發成本和風險，同時有助於提高成員的學習能力。然而，於此知識技術交流互動與資源共享基礎上，隱含著技術機密外洩與資訊盜用風險。此時，廠商間信任的建立可降低研發不確定性，防止夥伴的投機行為，進而增進研發合作的機會。故與合作夥伴的信任關係是影響研發網絡運作與廠商績效的重要因素。
據此，本研究以生物技術產業為例，探討生技研發網絡內廠商間信任建立與廠商績效之影響關係，藉以了解生技產業中信任所扮演的重要角色。本研究以研發合作之問卷設計，對台灣地區的生技廠商作問卷調查，並以因素分析與結構方程模式作為資料分析方法。實證結果得知，生技廠商的研發合作乃需透過信任建立方能正面影響廠商績效。
Facing an era of globalization of industry, the product manufacturing process gradually formed tight links between firms due to specialization .And the industry links based on R&D and innovation as the main purpose are known as R&D network. Great deal of technical knowledge flows in R&D network, and a major share among the members is the costs and risks of innovative technology development, while helping to improve the members on learning. However, these knowledge exchange and resource sharing are based on technical confidential information leakage and misappropriation hazards. At this point, the establishment of trust between firms can reduce high uncertainty of R&D, and prevent partners from doing opportunistic behavior, thereby enhancing R&D cooperation between firms. Therefore, the trust among the partners is an important factor of the impact of R&D network and firm performance.
Accordingly, the study takes the biotechnology industry for example, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of trust and firm performance among R&D cooperation in biotechnology R&D network, and explore that trust plays an important role in biotechnology. In research method, the questionnaire was designed for R&D cooperation between biotechnology firms in Taiwan for survey. Both factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze for the study. Empirical results show that the R&D cooperation of biotechnology firms should be established through the trust to effect the firm performance positively.

Keywords: R&D Network, Trust, Firm Performance, Path Analysis
參考文獻 一、中文部分
吳明隆，2008，『SPSS操作與應用-問卷統計分析實務』，二版，台北：五南。
沈明展，2007，「政府干預對產業合作網絡的影響」，國立政治大學地政研究所博士論文：台北。
粘秀玉，2003，「研發聯盟形成歷程與運作之研究—社會資本觀點」，國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文：桃園。
張苙雲，1999，『網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性』，台北：遠流。
陳澤義、洪廣朋、曾建銘，2008，「從關係的觀點探討企業夥伴的選擇對跨組織學習成效的影響」，『交大管理學報』，28（2）：105-130。
陳雅美，2002，「產業合作網絡形成原因的探討—以台灣半導體產業為例」，『運籌研究集刊』，1：125-152。
經濟部工業局，2009，台灣生技產業新興生技公司名錄
經濟部工業局，2009，生技產業白皮書
二、英文部分
Ahuja, G., 2000, “Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study, ” Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3):425-455.
Anderson, J. C. and Narus, J. A., 1990, “A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships,” Journal of Marketing , 54:42-58.
Aulakh, P., Kotabe, M. and Sahay, A., 1996,“Trust and performance in cross-border marketing partnerships: a behavioural approach,”Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5):1005–1032.
Belderbos, R., Carree, M., and Lokshin, B., 2004b.“Co-operative R&D and firm performance,” Research Policy, 33(10):1477-1492.
Bensaou, M. and Venkatraman, N., 1995,“Configurations of interorganizational relationships: a comparison between U.S. and Japanese automakers,”Management Science,41:1471–1492.
Blomqvist, K., Hurmelinna, P., and Seppanen, R., 2005, “ Playing the collaboration game right─balancing trust and contracting,” Technovation, 25:497-504.
Boschma, R. A., 2005, “Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment,” Regional Studies, 39(1): 61-74.
Buck, D., 2000, “Growth, De-integration and Decentralization: The Construction of Taiwan’s Industrial Networks,” Environment and Planning A, 32: 245-262.
Clercq, D.D., and Sapienza, H.J., 2006, “Effects of relational capital and commitment on venture capitalists’ perception of portfolio company performance,” Journal of Business Venturing, 21(3):326-347.
Cooke, P. and Morgan, K. ,1993, “The network paradigm: new departures in corporate and regional development,” Environ.Plann, 11：543-564.
Datar, S., Jordan, C., Kekre, S., Rajiv, S., and Srinivasan, K., 1997,“New Product Development Structures and Time-to-Market,”Management Science, 43(4):452-464.
Das, T. K. and Teng, B. S., 2000,“A Resource-Based Theory of Strategic Alliances,” Journal of Management, 26(1):31-61.
Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L., 1998,“Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know,” Harvard Business School Press.
Dodgson, M., 1993,“Learning, trust and technological collaboration,”Human Relations,46:77–95.
Donaldson, B. and O’Toole, T., 2001, Strategic marketing relationship, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Drejer, I. and Jørgensen, B. H., 2005,“The dynamic creation of knowledge: Analysing public–private collaborations,” Technovation, 25:83–94.
Duysters, G., 1996, The Dynamics of Technical Innovation: The Evolution and Development of Information Technology, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Duysters, G., De Man, A. P., and Wildeman, L., 1999, “A Network Approach to Alliance Management,” European Management Journal, 17(2):182-187.
Duysters, G. and De Man, A.P., 2003,“Transitory alliances:an instrument for surviving turbulent industries,”R&D Management, 33(1):49–58.
Dyer, J. H. and Chu, W., 2003,“ The role of trustworthiness in reducing transaction costs and improving performance: empirical evidence from the United States, Japan and Korea,” Organisation Science, 14(1): 57–68.
Forfás，2004，innovation networks.
Forrest, J.E. and Martin, M.J.C., 1992,“Strategic Alliances between Large and Small Research Intensive Organizations: Experiences in the Biotechnology Industry”, R&D Management, 22(1):41–53.
Frankel, J. A. and Rose, A. K., 1996,“Currency crashes in emerging markets: An empirical treatment,” Journal of International Economics, 41(3):351-366.
Gay, B. and Dousset, B., 2005,“Innovation and network structural dynamics: Study of the alliance network of a major sector of the biotechnology industry,” Research Policy, 34:1457-1475.
Geringer, J. M. and Hebert, L., 1991,“Measuring Performance of International Joint Ventures,” Journal of International Business Studies, 22(2):249-263.
Gertler, M. S. and Levitte, Y. M., 2005,“Local Nodes in Global Networks: The Geography of Knowledge Flows in Biotechnology Innovation,” Industry and Innovation,12(4):487–507.
Granovetter, Mark., 1985, “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,“ American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481-510.
Gulati, R., 1995, “Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances,” Academy of Management Journal, 38(1):85-112.
Gulati, R., and Gargiulo, M., 1999, “Where Do Interorganizational Networks Come From?, ” American Journal of Sociology, 104(5):1398-1438.
Han, Y., 2004,“A Transaction Cost Perspective on Motives for R&D Alliances: Evidence from the Biotechnology Industry,” Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 5:110-115.
Heide, J. B., 1994,“Interorganizational governance in marketing channels,” Journal of Marketing, 58:71-85.
Hennart, J. F., 1988,“A transaction costs theory of equity joint ventures,” Strategic Management Journal, 9(4):361-374.
Hsu, Y.G., Shyu J.Z., and Tzeng G.h., 2005,“Policy tools on the formation of new biotechnology firms in Taiwan,” Technovation, 25:281-292.
Hurmelinna, P., Blomqvist, K., Puumalainen, K., and Saarenketo, S., 2005,“Striving Towards R&D Collaboration Performance: The Effect of Asymmetry,Trust and Contracting,” Creativity And Innovation Management, 14(4):374-383.
Inkpen, A. C. and Beamish, P. W., 1997,“Knowledge, Bargaining Power, and the Instability of International Joint Ventures,” The Academy of Management Review, 22(1):177-202.
Jong, G. D. and Woolthuis, R. K., 2008,“The Institutional Arrangements of Innovation: Antecedents and Performance Effects of Trust in High-Tech Alliances”, Industry and Innovation,15(1):45-67.
Karlsson, C., 2003, “The Development of Industrial Networks: Challenges to Operations Management in an Enterprise,” International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 23(1): 44-70.
La Londe, B., 2002, “Who Can You Trust These Days?” Supply Chain Management Review, 9-10.
Lane, C. and Bachmann, R., 1997,“Co-operation in Inter-Firm Relations in Britain and Germany: The Role of Social Institutions,” The British Journal of Sociology, 48(2):226-254.
Lane, P., Salk, J. E. and Lyles, M. A., 2001,“Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures,”Strategic Management Journal, 22(12):1139–1161.
Lin, J. L., Fang, S. C., Fang, S. R., and Tsai, F. S., 2009,“Network embeddedness and technology transfer performance in R&D consortia in Taiwan,” Technovation, 29(11)： 763-774.
MacKinnon, D., Cumbers, A., and Chapman, K., 2002, “Learning, Innovation and Regional Development: A Critical Appraisal of Recent Debates,” Progress in Human Geography, 26(3): 293-311.
MacMillan, K., Money, K., Money, A., and Downing, S., 2005,“Relationship marketing in the not-for-profit sector: an extension and application of the commitment–trust theory,” Journal of Business Research, 58:806-818.
Madhok, A., 1995,“Revisiting Multinational Firms` Tolerance for Joint Ventures: A Trust-Based Approach,” Journal of International Business Studies, 26:117–137.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., and Schoorman, F. D., 1995, “An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust,” Academy of Management Review, 20(3): 709-734.
Mchirguia, Z., 2009,“Dynamics of R&D networked relationships and mergers and acquisitions in the smart card field,” Research Policy, 38:1453-1467.
Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G., 1993,“Factors affecting trust in market research relationship,” Journal of Marketing, 57(1):81-101.
Morgan, R. M. and Shelby D. H., 1994, “The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 58(3):20-38.
Nieto, M. J. and Santamaria, L., 2007, “The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation,” Technovation, 27 (3):367-377.
Oerlemansa; L. and Meeus, M., 2005, “Do Organizational and Spatial Proximity Impact on Firm Performance?” Regional Studies, 39(1):89-104.
Owen-Smith, J. and Powell, W. W., 2004,”Knowledge networks as channels and conduits:The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community,” Organization science,15:5-21.
Rampersad, G., Quester, P., and Troshani, I., 2009, “Managing innovation networks: Exploratory evidence from ICT, biotechnology and nanotechnology networks,” Industrial Marketing Management, 39(5):793-805.
Roijakkers, N. and Hagedoorn, J., 2006,“Inter-firm R&D partnering in pharmaceutical biotechnology since 1975: Trends, patterns, and networks,” Research Policy, 35:431-446.
Smith, K. G., Carroll, S. J., & Ashford, S. J., 1995,“Intra- and interorganizational cooperation: Toward a research agenda,”Academy of Management Journal, 38(1):7-23.
Williamson, O., 1985, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: The Free Press.
Ybarra, C. E. and Turk, T. A., 2009,“The evolution of trust in information technology alliances,” Journal of High Technology Management Research,20:62-74.
Yli-Renko, H., Autio, E., Sapienza, H. J., 2001,“Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms,” Strategic Management Journal, 22(6):587-613.
Young-Ybarra, C. and Wiersema, M., 1999, “Strategic flexibility in information technology alliances: The influence of transaction cost economics and social exchange theory,” Organization Science, 10(4) : 439-459.
Zaheer, A., McEvilly, B. and Perrone, V., 1998,“Does trust matter? Exploring the effects of interorganisational and interpersonal trust and performance,”Organisation Science, 9(2):141–159.
三、網路資料
製藥工業同業公會網站，2010，http://www.tpma.org.tw/，取用日期：2010年3月15日。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
97257006
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097257006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邊泰明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王宜婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王宜婷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Sep-2013 14:50:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Sep-2013 14:50:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Sep-2013 14:50:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097257006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59811-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97257006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 面臨產業全球化的時代，產品製造過程因專業化分工而逐漸形成緊密連結。而以研發創新為主要目的所建構的產業連結，稱之為研發網絡。大量的技術知識流於研發網絡內產生，成員彼此間分攤重大創新技術的開發成本和風險，同時有助於提高成員的學習能力。然而，於此知識技術交流互動與資源共享基礎上，隱含著技術機密外洩與資訊盜用風險。此時，廠商間信任的建立可降低研發不確定性，防止夥伴的投機行為，進而增進研發合作的機會。故與合作夥伴的信任關係是影響研發網絡運作與廠商績效的重要因素。
據此，本研究以生物技術產業為例，探討生技研發網絡內廠商間信任建立與廠商績效之影響關係，藉以了解生技產業中信任所扮演的重要角色。本研究以研發合作之問卷設計，對台灣地區的生技廠商作問卷調查，並以因素分析與結構方程模式作為資料分析方法。實證結果得知，生技廠商的研發合作乃需透過信任建立方能正面影響廠商績效。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Facing an era of globalization of industry, the product manufacturing process gradually formed tight links between firms due to specialization .And the industry links based on R&D and innovation as the main purpose are known as R&D network. Great deal of technical knowledge flows in R&D network, and a major share among the members is the costs and risks of innovative technology development, while helping to improve the members on learning. However, these knowledge exchange and resource sharing are based on technical confidential information leakage and misappropriation hazards. At this point, the establishment of trust between firms can reduce high uncertainty of R&D, and prevent partners from doing opportunistic behavior, thereby enhancing R&D cooperation between firms. Therefore, the trust among the partners is an important factor of the impact of R&D network and firm performance.
Accordingly, the study takes the biotechnology industry for example, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of trust and firm performance among R&D cooperation in biotechnology R&D network, and explore that trust plays an important role in biotechnology. In research method, the questionnaire was designed for R&D cooperation between biotechnology firms in Taiwan for survey. Both factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze for the study. Empirical results show that the R&D cooperation of biotechnology firms should be established through the trust to effect the firm performance positively.

Keywords: R&D Network, Trust, Firm Performance, Path Analysis		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究對象與方法 4
第三節 研究內容與流程 6
第二章 相關文獻與理論回顧 9
第一節 廠商間合作與網絡相關理論 9
第二節 廠商間信任建立相關理論 15
第三節 廠商績效 22
第四節 小結 24
第三章 生物技術產業現況分析 27
第一節 生技產業之介紹 27
第二節 國外生技產業發展概況與趨勢 28
第三節 台灣地區生技產業發展現況與趨勢 31
第四章 研究設計 37
第一節 研究架構 37
第二節 問卷設計與資料蒐集 39
第三節 實證研究方法 42
第五章 實證結果分析 47
第一節 資料處理與基本資料統計 47
第二節 廠商性質變數對主要變數之差異分析 51
第三節 信任對廠商績效之結構模式 53
第六章 結論與建議 63
第一節 結論 63
第二節 建議 65
參考文獻 67
一、中文部分 67
二、英文部分 67
三、網路資料 72
附錄 73		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1902546 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097257006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發網絡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信任zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廠商績效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 路徑分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 研發網絡、信任關係與廠商績效zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effect of trust on firm performance in r&d networken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
吳明隆，2008，『SPSS操作與應用-問卷統計分析實務』，二版，台北：五南。
沈明展，2007，「政府干預對產業合作網絡的影響」，國立政治大學地政研究所博士論文：台北。
粘秀玉，2003，「研發聯盟形成歷程與運作之研究—社會資本觀點」，國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文：桃園。
張苙雲，1999，『網絡台灣－企業的人情關係與經濟理性』，台北：遠流。
陳澤義、洪廣朋、曾建銘，2008，「從關係的觀點探討企業夥伴的選擇對跨組織學習成效的影響」，『交大管理學報』，28（2）：105-130。
陳雅美，2002，「產業合作網絡形成原因的探討—以台灣半導體產業為例」，『運籌研究集刊』，1：125-152。
經濟部工業局，2009，台灣生技產業新興生技公司名錄
經濟部工業局，2009，生技產業白皮書
二、英文部分
Ahuja, G., 2000, “Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study, ” Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3):425-455.
Anderson, J. C. and Narus, J. A., 1990, “A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships,” Journal of Marketing , 54:42-58.
Aulakh, P., Kotabe, M. and Sahay, A., 1996,“Trust and performance in cross-border marketing partnerships: a behavioural approach,”Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5):1005–1032.
Belderbos, R., Carree, M., and Lokshin, B., 2004b.“Co-operative R&D and firm performance,” Research Policy, 33(10):1477-1492.
Bensaou, M. and Venkatraman, N., 1995,“Configurations of interorganizational relationships: a comparison between U.S. and Japanese automakers,”Management Science,41:1471–1492.
Blomqvist, K., Hurmelinna, P., and Seppanen, R., 2005, “ Playing the collaboration game right─balancing trust and contracting,” Technovation, 25:497-504.
Boschma, R. A., 2005, “Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment,” Regional Studies, 39(1): 61-74.
Buck, D., 2000, “Growth, De-integration and Decentralization: The Construction of Taiwan’s Industrial Networks,” Environment and Planning A, 32: 245-262.
Clercq, D.D., and Sapienza, H.J., 2006, “Effects of relational capital and commitment on venture capitalists’ perception of portfolio company performance,” Journal of Business Venturing, 21(3):326-347.
Cooke, P. and Morgan, K. ,1993, “The network paradigm: new departures in corporate and regional development,” Environ.Plann, 11：543-564.
Datar, S., Jordan, C., Kekre, S., Rajiv, S., and Srinivasan, K., 1997,“New Product Development Structures and Time-to-Market,”Management Science, 43(4):452-464.
Das, T. K. and Teng, B. S., 2000,“A Resource-Based Theory of Strategic Alliances,” Journal of Management, 26(1):31-61.
Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L., 1998,“Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know,” Harvard Business School Press.
Dodgson, M., 1993,“Learning, trust and technological collaboration,”Human Relations,46:77–95.
Donaldson, B. and O’Toole, T., 2001, Strategic marketing relationship, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Drejer, I. and Jørgensen, B. H., 2005,“The dynamic creation of knowledge: Analysing public–private collaborations,” Technovation, 25:83–94.
Duysters, G., 1996, The Dynamics of Technical Innovation: The Evolution and Development of Information Technology, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Duysters, G., De Man, A. P., and Wildeman, L., 1999, “A Network Approach to Alliance Management,” European Management Journal, 17(2):182-187.
Duysters, G. and De Man, A.P., 2003,“Transitory alliances:an instrument for surviving turbulent industries,”R&D Management, 33(1):49–58.
Dyer, J. H. and Chu, W., 2003,“ The role of trustworthiness in reducing transaction costs and improving performance: empirical evidence from the United States, Japan and Korea,” Organisation Science, 14(1): 57–68.
Forfás，2004，innovation networks.
Forrest, J.E. and Martin, M.J.C., 1992,“Strategic Alliances between Large and Small Research Intensive Organizations: Experiences in the Biotechnology Industry”, R&D Management, 22(1):41–53.
Frankel, J. A. and Rose, A. K., 1996,“Currency crashes in emerging markets: An empirical treatment,” Journal of International Economics, 41(3):351-366.
Gay, B. and Dousset, B., 2005,“Innovation and network structural dynamics: Study of the alliance network of a major sector of the biotechnology industry,” Research Policy, 34:1457-1475.
Geringer, J. M. and Hebert, L., 1991,“Measuring Performance of International Joint Ventures,” Journal of International Business Studies, 22(2):249-263.
Gertler, M. S. and Levitte, Y. M., 2005,“Local Nodes in Global Networks: The Geography of Knowledge Flows in Biotechnology Innovation,” Industry and Innovation,12(4):487–507.
Granovetter, Mark., 1985, “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,“ American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481-510.
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三、網路資料
製藥工業同業公會網站，2010，http://www.tpma.org.tw/，取用日期：2010年3月15日。		zh_TW