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題名 資通訊服務公司策略經營模式研究—以NEC公司為例
Strategic business model of ICT servicescorporation-case study of NEC group corporation
作者 邱炳煌
Chiu, Ping Huang
貢獻者 洪順慶
邱炳煌
Chiu, Ping Huang
關鍵詞 永續經營特質
企業核心競爭力
企業經營模式
成功經營模式
策略發展意圖
sustainable managerial essence
core competence
managerial model
successful business model
strategic intent
日期 2010
上傳時間 5-Sep-2013 14:02:12 (UTC+8)
摘要 2008 年擁有158 年歷史的美國投資銀行,雷曼兄弟控股公司( Lehman Brothers
Holdings Inc. )的破產,掀起全球性的金融風暴,進而促使全球經濟同時性大衰退。
曾經是美國、甚至全球最大的企業的通用汽車也蒙受嚴重波及,而宣告破產重整。
百年歷史的GM 公司的倒閉,使得『企業規模越大,越不會倒閉』的傳統觀念破滅
了!根據統計,一般企業的壽命,約在30 年,而世界上仍有許多維繫超過百年甚至
更久遠的企業。促使那些擁有百年歷史的企業,永續經營特質是什麼?
回顧1990 年,普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad) 和蓋瑞‧哈默爾 (Gary Hamel) 於「哈佛商
業評論」上發表了企業核心競爭力(Core Competence)模型的論文以及唐納.薩
爾 (Donald N. Sull) (2003) 在「成功不墜」所闡述企業永續經營模型。還有,日本
京都大學經濟學研究所的末松千尋教授於2002 年提出京都企業經營模式研究論
述。三者構成本論文研究的理論模型基礎架構。藉由NEC 的個案,以質化個案研究
的方式,對照這個模型架構,探討NEC 公司永續經營的特質,印證本理論架構基礎
的實用性與完整性。研究成果將可提供國內企業,邁向國際化、全球化、永續經營
上策略思考之參考。
本研究從NEC 個案中獲得企業永續經營準則、永續成功經營模式為:
一、 擬訂企業策略發展意圖,建構企業願景。
二、 藉由不斷創新,建構企業核心競爭能力。
三、 認識企業存在的意義,重視顧客滿意。
四、 建立開放平台,與供應商的水平分工。
五、 隨著經營環境變遷,勇於適時變革。
關鍵字:永續經營特質,企業核心競爭力,企業經營模式,成功經營模式
A 158- year-old firm, the 4th largest investment bank in the USA, Lehman Brothers
Holdings Inc. announced its bankruptcy in 2008.Rapidly stirred up a global
financial credit crisis and became to a worldwide economic recession concurrently.
The ever being biggest company in the USA and even in the world, General Motors
Corporation was engulfed seriously and finally also sank into bankruptcy protection
by the economic recession. Even having hundred years history company like GM
Corp. was forced to reorganize by bankruptcy protection. The traditional concept,
「The larger of the scale of a company the less possibilty of the company will
collapse」,was ruined!According to some statistics a company can last for about
30 years for average. But there are still many firms lasting for more than hundred
years in the world. What is sustainable managerial essence of those firms?
Let us review their theses of core compentence of the corporation in the article of
Harvard Business Review in 1990 by Mr. C.K. Prahalad and Mr. Gary Hamel. and
the theses of company"s sustainable managerial model in the book of「Revival of
the Fittest」in 2003 by Mr. Donald N. Sull. Also let us review the theses of 「Kyo-siki
strategic business model」in 2002 by Mr. Chihiro Suematsu, Professor of Kyoto
University Graduate School of Economics. These three above expounding form
the basic model of theory of this research. By the case study of NEC Corporation,
taking antithesis of these expounding, a case study of qualitative research oriented,
tries to find sustainable managerial essence of NEC and to prove the practicality
and the completeness of the basic model of theory of this research. The research
thesis is trying to offer some strategic references to the company in Taiwan during
creating its sustainable managerial essence for company on the way of
internationalization and globalization of company.
From this research of NEC case study it has found some conclusions about
company"s sustainable managerial priceples or company"s sustainable successful
business model as the followings:
1. Implementing strategic intents and setting up visions for the company.
2. Building core competencies for the company by constant innovations.
3. Realizing the meanings of company"s existence and taking customer
satisfaction as the first priority.
4. Constructting an open platforms for business collateral integration with
vendors and partners.
5. Being brave in timly transfoming for the company fitting changes of the
business environment.
Key Words:sustainable managerial essence,core competence,managerial model,sustainable successful business model
參考文獻 一、 中文資料

小林宏治,《構想與決斷(我在NEC的歲月)》(鄭慶昭譯),台北:協志工業,1982年。
末松千尋,《京都式經營策略》,劉滌昭譯,台北:遠流出版社,2006年。
利安德‧卡尼(Leander Kahney),《賈伯斯(Steve Jobs)在想什麼?,從蘋果到皮克斯,他的創意管理與經營哲學》(Inside of Steve`s Brain) ( 高子梅譯),台北:臉譜出版,2008年。
法蘭西斯‧麥肯納利(Francis McInerney)著(2007),《革自己的命:破壞松下,才能在造松下》(Panasonic :The Largest Corporate Restructuring in History) (澤崎冬日譯、賴惠鈴中譯),台北:漫遊者文化,2008年。
科特(John P. Kotter)、科恩(Dan S. Cohen),《引暴變革之心》(The Heart of Change:Life Stories of How People Change their Organizations)(潘東傑譯), 台北:天下遠見,2002年。
洪順慶,《行銷管理》,台北:新陸書局,2008年。
唐納‧薩爾(Donald N. sull),《成功不墜--最適者生存》(Revival of Fittest:Why Good Companies Go Bad and How Great Managers Remake Them)(李田樹、李芳齡譯),台北:天下雜誌社,2003年。
馬克‧傅勒(Mark B. Fuller)、約翰‧貝克(John C. Beck),《大力士翩翩起舞:日本經濟再起的關鍵力量》(Japan`s Business Renaissance:How the World`s Greatest Economy Revived,Renewed and Reinvented Itself)(陳琇玲、陳儀譯),台北:美商麥格羅‧希爾,2006年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭論》(On Competition)(高登第、李明軒譯),台北:天下文化,2009年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭策略》(Competitive Strategy--Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors)(周旭華譯),台北:天下遠見,1998年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭優勢》(Competitive Advantage)(李明軒、邱如美譯),台北:天下遠見,1999年。
傑弗瑞.庫魯聖(Jeffrey L. Cruikshank),《蘋果模式:全世界都讚嘆的創新管理》 (The Apple Way)(李芳齡譯),台北:美商麥格羅‧希爾,2006年。
葉重新,《教育研究法(第二版)》,台北:心理出版社,2004年。
普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad)和蓋瑞‧哈默爾(Gary Hamel),《企業核心能力》(The Core Competence of the Corporation),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2010年7月。
普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad)和蓋瑞‧哈默爾(Gary Hamel),《企業核心能力》(The Core Competence of the Corporation),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2007年2月。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《波特新論競爭五力》(The Five Competition Forces that Shape Strategy),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2008年1月。

二、 英文資料

Ichak Adizes, Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It, Santa Monica,CA:The Adizes Institute, 1990.
Koji Kobayashi, Rising to the Challenge--A Riveting Personal Account of the Development of a Career Committed to Excellence and NEC, Japan:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Japan, Inc., 1989.
Merriam, S. B., Case study research in education: A Qualitative Approach, Thousand Oaks, CA:Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Yin, R. K., Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 2002.
Yoshitaka Suzuki, NEC Corporation 1899-1999 --A Century of " Better Products,Better Services"(Translated by Thomas I. Elliott), Japan:NEC Corp., 2002.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, Competing for the Future, Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, Strategic Intent, Boston:Harvard Business Review, May-June 1989.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, The Core Competence of the Corporation, Boston:Harvard Business Review, May-June 1990.
David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind, Apple Inc., 2008, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Sep. 2008.
David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind, iPhone vs Cell Phone, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Oct. 2007.
Michael E. Porter, Understanding Industry Structure, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Aug., 2007.
Michael E. Porter, Strategy and the Internet, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Mar., 2001.
Michael E. Porter, What Is Strategy? Boston:Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec., 1996.

三、 日文資料

伊丹敬之、田中一弘、加藤俊彥、中野 誠,《松下電器の経営改革》,東京:有斐閣,2007年。
東北大学経営学グループ著,《ケースに学ぶ経営学》,東京:有斐閣,2008年。
萩 正道,《パナソニックがSANYOを買収する本当の理由》,東京:アーク出版,2009年。
大河原 克行,《中村経営の根幹をなした「創生21計画」とは》(日經ビジネス)4月5日、日經BP社,2006年。
鷺森 弘、小笠原 啓、大西 孝弘,《パナソニック、痛み覚悟の三洋買収で挽回狙う読み違えた「創エネ」戦略》(日經ビジネス)11月17日、日經BP社,2008年。
吉川尚守,《「ガラパゴス化」する日本》,東京:講談社,2010年。

四、 網頁資料來源

台灣恩益禧(NEC) http://www.nec.com.tw/
中國電信 http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/
中國移動 http://www.chinamobileltd.com/
中國聯合通信 http://www.chinaunicom-a.com/
Itis智網 http://www.itis.org.tw/
Apple Incorporated  http://www.apple.com/
Bridgestone Corporation  http://www.bridgestone.com/
Foxconn International Holdings Ltd.   http://www.foxconn.com/
General Motors  http://www.gm.com/
Goodyear Corporate.  http://www.goodyear.com/
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency  http://www.jaxa.jp/
Kyocera Corporation http://global.kyocera.com/
Michilin Corporation http://www.michelin.com/
NEC Corporation http://www.nec.co.jp/
NEC (China) http://www.nec.com.cn/
NEC Hong Kong Ltd. http://www.nec.com.hk/
NEConlineTV http://www.nec.com/global/ad/hayabusa/
NTT Corporation  http://www.ntt.co.jp/
Panasonic Corporation  http://panasonic.net/
Renaisas Corporation  http://japan.renesas.com/
Rohm Semiconducts Corporation http://www.rohm.co.jp/
Sumitomo Corporation http://www.sumitomocorp.co.jp/

Tele-Denmark Communications http://tdc.com/profile/

Telefónica S.A. http://www.telefonica.com/
Teijin Limited http://www.teijin.co.jp/english/
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
97932050
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097932050
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 洪順慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱炳煌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Ping Huangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邱炳煌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Ping Huangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2013 14:02:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Sep-2013 14:02:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2013 14:02:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097932050en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60299-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97932050zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 2008 年擁有158 年歷史的美國投資銀行,雷曼兄弟控股公司( Lehman Brothers
Holdings Inc. )的破產,掀起全球性的金融風暴,進而促使全球經濟同時性大衰退。
曾經是美國、甚至全球最大的企業的通用汽車也蒙受嚴重波及,而宣告破產重整。
百年歷史的GM 公司的倒閉,使得『企業規模越大,越不會倒閉』的傳統觀念破滅
了!根據統計,一般企業的壽命,約在30 年,而世界上仍有許多維繫超過百年甚至
更久遠的企業。促使那些擁有百年歷史的企業,永續經營特質是什麼?
回顧1990 年,普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad) 和蓋瑞‧哈默爾 (Gary Hamel) 於「哈佛商
業評論」上發表了企業核心競爭力(Core Competence)模型的論文以及唐納.薩
爾 (Donald N. Sull) (2003) 在「成功不墜」所闡述企業永續經營模型。還有,日本
京都大學經濟學研究所的末松千尋教授於2002 年提出京都企業經營模式研究論
述。三者構成本論文研究的理論模型基礎架構。藉由NEC 的個案,以質化個案研究
的方式,對照這個模型架構,探討NEC 公司永續經營的特質,印證本理論架構基礎
的實用性與完整性。研究成果將可提供國內企業,邁向國際化、全球化、永續經營
上策略思考之參考。
本研究從NEC 個案中獲得企業永續經營準則、永續成功經營模式為:
一、 擬訂企業策略發展意圖,建構企業願景。
二、 藉由不斷創新,建構企業核心競爭能力。
三、 認識企業存在的意義,重視顧客滿意。
四、 建立開放平台,與供應商的水平分工。
五、 隨著經營環境變遷,勇於適時變革。
關鍵字:永續經營特質,企業核心競爭力,企業經營模式,成功經營模式
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) A 158- year-old firm, the 4th largest investment bank in the USA, Lehman Brothers
Holdings Inc. announced its bankruptcy in 2008.Rapidly stirred up a global
financial credit crisis and became to a worldwide economic recession concurrently.
The ever being biggest company in the USA and even in the world, General Motors
Corporation was engulfed seriously and finally also sank into bankruptcy protection
by the economic recession. Even having hundred years history company like GM
Corp. was forced to reorganize by bankruptcy protection. The traditional concept,
「The larger of the scale of a company the less possibilty of the company will
collapse」,was ruined!According to some statistics a company can last for about
30 years for average. But there are still many firms lasting for more than hundred
years in the world. What is sustainable managerial essence of those firms?
Let us review their theses of core compentence of the corporation in the article of
Harvard Business Review in 1990 by Mr. C.K. Prahalad and Mr. Gary Hamel. and
the theses of company"s sustainable managerial model in the book of「Revival of
the Fittest」in 2003 by Mr. Donald N. Sull. Also let us review the theses of 「Kyo-siki
strategic business model」in 2002 by Mr. Chihiro Suematsu, Professor of Kyoto
University Graduate School of Economics. These three above expounding form
the basic model of theory of this research. By the case study of NEC Corporation,
taking antithesis of these expounding, a case study of qualitative research oriented,
tries to find sustainable managerial essence of NEC and to prove the practicality
and the completeness of the basic model of theory of this research. The research
thesis is trying to offer some strategic references to the company in Taiwan during
creating its sustainable managerial essence for company on the way of
internationalization and globalization of company.
From this research of NEC case study it has found some conclusions about
company"s sustainable managerial priceples or company"s sustainable successful
business model as the followings:
1. Implementing strategic intents and setting up visions for the company.
2. Building core competencies for the company by constant innovations.
3. Realizing the meanings of company"s existence and taking customer
satisfaction as the first priority.
4. Constructting an open platforms for business collateral integration with
vendors and partners.
5. Being brave in timly transfoming for the company fitting changes of the
business environment.
Key Words:sustainable managerial essence,core competence,managerial model,sustainable successful business model
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

第一節 研究背景 -------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究動機及目的 ----------------------------------------------- 2
第三節 研究限制 -------------------------------------------------------- 8
第四節 論文章節架構 -------------------------------------------------- 8

第二章 文獻探討 ------------------------------------------------------------- 10

第一節 企業核心競爭力(Core Competence) ----------------- 10
第二節 永續的經營 ----------------------------------------------------- 14
第三節 日本企業經營『西高東低』的現象 ----------------------- 22

第三章 研究方法 ------------------------------------------------------------- 33

第一節 個案研究的定義 ---------------------------------------------- 33
第二節 採用個案研究的理由 ---------------------------------------- 34
第三節 個案研究的優點及限制 ------------------------------------- 35
第四節 個案研究資料來源 ------------------------------------------- 36
第五節 本論文之研究方法 ------------------------------------------- 38

第四章 個案公司介紹 ------------------------------------------------------- 41

第一節 NEC公司簡介 ------------------------------------------------ 43
第二節 NEC在大中華地區的經營 --------------------------------- 74
第三節 台灣NEC公司簡介 ----------------------------------------- 78
第四節 當前NEC的經營課題 -------------------------------------- 82

第五章 經營特質觀察研究 ------------------------------------------------- 94

第一節 歷經百年滄桑的NEC公司 -------------------------------- 94
第二節 觀察研究NEC公司經營特質 ----------------------------- 98
第三節 對NEC經營上的建議事項 -------------------------------- 107

第六章 結論 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 114

第一節 研究結論 -------------------------------------------------------- 114
第二節 研究建議 -------------------------------------------------------- 119

參考文獻資料 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 121

中文資料 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 121
英文資料 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 122
日文資料 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 123
網頁資料來源 ------------------------------------------------------------- 124
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1881231 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097932050en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 永續經營特質zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業核心競爭力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業經營模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 成功經營模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略發展意圖zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) sustainable managerial essenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) core competenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) managerial modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) successful business modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) strategic intenten_US
dc.title (題名) 資通訊服務公司策略經營模式研究—以NEC公司為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Strategic business model of ICT servicescorporation-case study of NEC group corporationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文資料

小林宏治,《構想與決斷(我在NEC的歲月)》(鄭慶昭譯),台北:協志工業,1982年。
末松千尋,《京都式經營策略》,劉滌昭譯,台北:遠流出版社,2006年。
利安德‧卡尼(Leander Kahney),《賈伯斯(Steve Jobs)在想什麼?,從蘋果到皮克斯,他的創意管理與經營哲學》(Inside of Steve`s Brain) ( 高子梅譯),台北:臉譜出版,2008年。
法蘭西斯‧麥肯納利(Francis McInerney)著(2007),《革自己的命:破壞松下,才能在造松下》(Panasonic :The Largest Corporate Restructuring in History) (澤崎冬日譯、賴惠鈴中譯),台北:漫遊者文化,2008年。
科特(John P. Kotter)、科恩(Dan S. Cohen),《引暴變革之心》(The Heart of Change:Life Stories of How People Change their Organizations)(潘東傑譯), 台北:天下遠見,2002年。
洪順慶,《行銷管理》,台北:新陸書局,2008年。
唐納‧薩爾(Donald N. sull),《成功不墜--最適者生存》(Revival of Fittest:Why Good Companies Go Bad and How Great Managers Remake Them)(李田樹、李芳齡譯),台北:天下雜誌社,2003年。
馬克‧傅勒(Mark B. Fuller)、約翰‧貝克(John C. Beck),《大力士翩翩起舞:日本經濟再起的關鍵力量》(Japan`s Business Renaissance:How the World`s Greatest Economy Revived,Renewed and Reinvented Itself)(陳琇玲、陳儀譯),台北:美商麥格羅‧希爾,2006年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭論》(On Competition)(高登第、李明軒譯),台北:天下文化,2009年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭策略》(Competitive Strategy--Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors)(周旭華譯),台北:天下遠見,1998年。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《競爭優勢》(Competitive Advantage)(李明軒、邱如美譯),台北:天下遠見,1999年。
傑弗瑞.庫魯聖(Jeffrey L. Cruikshank),《蘋果模式:全世界都讚嘆的創新管理》 (The Apple Way)(李芳齡譯),台北:美商麥格羅‧希爾,2006年。
葉重新,《教育研究法(第二版)》,台北:心理出版社,2004年。
普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad)和蓋瑞‧哈默爾(Gary Hamel),《企業核心能力》(The Core Competence of the Corporation),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2010年7月。
普拉哈(C.K. Prahalad)和蓋瑞‧哈默爾(Gary Hamel),《企業核心能力》(The Core Competence of the Corporation),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2007年2月。
麥可‧波特(Michael E. Porter),《波特新論競爭五力》(The Five Competition Forces that Shape Strategy),台北:哈佛商業評論中文版,2008年1月。

二、 英文資料

Ichak Adizes, Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It, Santa Monica,CA:The Adizes Institute, 1990.
Koji Kobayashi, Rising to the Challenge--A Riveting Personal Account of the Development of a Career Committed to Excellence and NEC, Japan:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Japan, Inc., 1989.
Merriam, S. B., Case study research in education: A Qualitative Approach, Thousand Oaks, CA:Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Yin, R. K., Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage, 2002.
Yoshitaka Suzuki, NEC Corporation 1899-1999 --A Century of " Better Products,Better Services"(Translated by Thomas I. Elliott), Japan:NEC Corp., 2002.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, Competing for the Future, Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, Strategic Intent, Boston:Harvard Business Review, May-June 1989.
C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, The Core Competence of the Corporation, Boston:Harvard Business Review, May-June 1990.
David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind, Apple Inc., 2008, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Sep. 2008.
David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind, iPhone vs Cell Phone, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Oct. 2007.
Michael E. Porter, Understanding Industry Structure, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Aug., 2007.
Michael E. Porter, Strategy and the Internet, Boston:Harvard Business Review, Mar., 2001.
Michael E. Porter, What Is Strategy? Boston:Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec., 1996.

三、 日文資料

伊丹敬之、田中一弘、加藤俊彥、中野 誠,《松下電器の経営改革》,東京:有斐閣,2007年。
東北大学経営学グループ著,《ケースに学ぶ経営学》,東京:有斐閣,2008年。
萩 正道,《パナソニックがSANYOを買収する本当の理由》,東京:アーク出版,2009年。
大河原 克行,《中村経営の根幹をなした「創生21計画」とは》(日經ビジネス)4月5日、日經BP社,2006年。
鷺森 弘、小笠原 啓、大西 孝弘,《パナソニック、痛み覚悟の三洋買収で挽回狙う読み違えた「創エネ」戦略》(日經ビジネス)11月17日、日經BP社,2008年。
吉川尚守,《「ガラパゴス化」する日本》,東京:講談社,2010年。

四、 網頁資料來源

台灣恩益禧(NEC) http://www.nec.com.tw/
中國電信 http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/
中國移動 http://www.chinamobileltd.com/
中國聯合通信 http://www.chinaunicom-a.com/
Itis智網 http://www.itis.org.tw/
Apple Incorporated  http://www.apple.com/
Bridgestone Corporation  http://www.bridgestone.com/
Foxconn International Holdings Ltd.   http://www.foxconn.com/
General Motors  http://www.gm.com/
Goodyear Corporate.  http://www.goodyear.com/
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency  http://www.jaxa.jp/
Kyocera Corporation http://global.kyocera.com/
Michilin Corporation http://www.michelin.com/
NEC Corporation http://www.nec.co.jp/
NEC (China) http://www.nec.com.cn/
NEC Hong Kong Ltd. http://www.nec.com.hk/
NEConlineTV http://www.nec.com/global/ad/hayabusa/
NTT Corporation  http://www.ntt.co.jp/
Panasonic Corporation  http://panasonic.net/
Renaisas Corporation  http://japan.renesas.com/
Rohm Semiconducts Corporation http://www.rohm.co.jp/
Sumitomo Corporation http://www.sumitomocorp.co.jp/

Tele-Denmark Communications http://tdc.com/profile/

Telefónica S.A. http://www.telefonica.com/
Teijin Limited http://www.teijin.co.jp/english/
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/
zh_TW