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題名 法國驅逐吉普賽人：震撼二零一零年法國政治與社會的新聞之框架研究
The Roma`s expulsions in France: Framing the socio-political crisis that shook France in 2010
作者 孟柯
MONCOQUET, Christine
貢獻者 朱立
Chu, Li.
孟柯
MONCOQUET, Christine
關鍵詞 吉普塞人
驅逐
移民
框架
法文報紙
政治制度化
Roma
expulsions
immigration
framing
French newspapers
political instrumentalization
日期 2010
上傳時間 9-Sep-2013 11:06:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 法國在2010年發生了一件富社會與政治爭議性的大事：對非法吉普塞人移民的驅除。當時法國媒體極力報導這則消息，並皆由報導重新建構此事件。此篇論文探討法文報紙在報導吉普賽移民議題上如何被政治化。此研究由法國《世界報》與《費加洛日報》中挑選240篇文章出來做框架分析，《世界報》與《費加洛日報》分別代表法國兩大不同政治理念的國家日報，藉此分析支持學者哈林與曼席尼的媒體政治制度化與框架中的分化假設。《世界報》中大部分文章有著支持吉普賽移民框架報導(107篇文章)而《費加洛日報》中大部份文章則是反吉普賽移民框架報導的(76篇文章)。此外，結果顯示《世界報》中佔優勢的框架是支持吉普賽人安全制度的框架，而《費加洛日報》佔優勢的框架則是反吉普賽人移民的國家主義框架。
Summer 2010 in France was marked by a major socio-political controversy: the expulsions of illegal Roma immigrants. The French news media widely broadcasted the issue, reconstructing the debate for the audiences. This thesis researched how French newspapers are being politicized in reporting the Roma immigration debate. Framing analysis of 240 articles in Le Monde and Le Figaro, two selected French national dailies of differing political ideology, supported Hallin and Mancini’s hypothesis of media instrumentalization and polarization in frame. Le Monde had a majority of pro-Roma immigration frames (107 articles) and Le Figaro had a majority of against Roma immigration frames (76 articles). Moreover, findings showed that Le Monde’s dominant frame was the pro-Roma securitization frame and Le Figaro’s dominant frame was the against Roma immigration nationalism frame.
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Bauder, H (2008). Neoliberalism and the economic utility of immigration: Media perspectives of Germany’s immigration law. Journal Compilation, Editorial Board of Antipode.
Bellier, I. (2008). Multiculturalization of societies: The state and human rights. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (134-151). Liverpool, Uk, Liverpool University Press.
Bendel, P. (2007). Everything under control? The European Union’s policies and politics of immigration. In T. Faist and A. Ette (Eds.), The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration: Between Autonomy and the European Union (32-48). Hampshire, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. London, Beverly Hills, New Delhi, SAGE Publications.
Boomgaarden, H. G., Vliegenthart, J. (2009). How news content influences anti-immigration attitudes: Germany, 1993-2005. European Journal of Political Research, 48, 516-542.
Branton, R. P., Dunaway, J. (2009). Slanted newspaper coverage of immigration: The importance of economics and geography. The Policy Studies Journal, 37 (2), 257-273.
Breger, C. (2004). Understanding the ‘Other’? Communication, history and narration in Margriet de Moor’s Hertog van Egypte (1996). In N. Saul and S. Tebbutt (Eds.), The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures (131-144). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Brochmann, G. (1999) The mechanisms of control. In G. Brochmann and T. Hammar (Eds.), Mechanisms of immigration control (1-28). Berg, Oxford, New York.
Buonfino, A. (2004). Between unity and plurality: The politicization and securitization of the discourse of immigration in Europe. New Political Science, 26 (1), 23-49.
Chong, D., Druckman, J.N. (2007). A theory of framing and opinion formation in competitive elite environments. Journal of Communication, 57, 99-118.
Clark, C. (2004). ‘Severity has often enraged but never subdued a Gypsy’: The history and making of European Romani stereotypes. In N. Saul and S. Tebbutt (Eds.), The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures (226-246). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Delantly, G., Jones, P., Wodak, R. (2008). Introduction: Migration, discrimination and belonging in Europe. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (1-20). Liverpool. UK, Liverpool University Press.
De Vreese, C. H. (2005). News framing: theory and typology. Information Design Journal + Document Design, 13 (1), 51-62.
Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43 (4), Autumn, 51-59.
Ette, A., Faist, T. (2007). The Europeanization of national policies and politics of immigration: Research, questions and concepts. In T. Faist and A. Ette (Eds.), The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration: Between Autonomy and the European Union (3-31). Hampshire, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Europa World Year Book (2011). London, UK, Routledge.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Essex, UK, Longman Group UK Limited.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Cambridge, Oxford, UK, Polity Press.
Faron, O., Grange, C. (2003). Paris and its foreigners in the late eighteenth century. In A. Fahrmeir, O. Faron an P. Weil (Eds.), Migration Control in the North Atlantic World: The evolution of state practices in Europe and the United States from the French Revolution to the inter-war period (39-54). New York, Oxford, Berghahn Books.
Ferin, I. (2008). Immigrants in the Portuguese media. Portuguese Journal of Social Science, 7 (3), 181-194.
Flam, H., Beauzamy, B. (2008). Symbolic violence. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (221-240). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Fraser, A. (1995). The Gypsies. Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing.
Friedman, T. L. (2008). Hot, flat and crowded. New York, US, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Girard, R. (1987). Things hidden since the foundation of the world. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Los Angeles, London, University of California Press/ Berkeley.
Hallin, D. C., Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. New York, USA, Cambridge University Press.
Hargreaves, A.G. (1995). Immigration, “race’ and ethnicity in contemporary France. London, New York, Routledge.
Hollifield, J. F. (1994). Immigration and republicanism in France: The hidden consensus. In W. A. Cornelius, P. L. Martin and J. F. Hollifield (Eds), Controlling Immigration (143-188). Stanford, California, Stanford University Press.
Hollifield, J. F. (1999). Idea, institutions and civil society: On the limits of immigration control in France. In G. Brochmann and T. Hammar (Eds.), Mechanisms of immigration control (59-96). Berg, Oxford, New York.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
98461017
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098461017
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 朱立zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chu, Li.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 孟柯zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) MONCOQUET, Christineen_US
dc.creator (作者) 孟柯zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) MONCOQUET, Christineen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Sep-2013 11:06:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Sep-2013 11:06:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Sep-2013 11:06:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098461017en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60578-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98461017zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 法國在2010年發生了一件富社會與政治爭議性的大事：對非法吉普塞人移民的驅除。當時法國媒體極力報導這則消息，並皆由報導重新建構此事件。此篇論文探討法文報紙在報導吉普賽移民議題上如何被政治化。此研究由法國《世界報》與《費加洛日報》中挑選240篇文章出來做框架分析，《世界報》與《費加洛日報》分別代表法國兩大不同政治理念的國家日報，藉此分析支持學者哈林與曼席尼的媒體政治制度化與框架中的分化假設。《世界報》中大部分文章有著支持吉普賽移民框架報導(107篇文章)而《費加洛日報》中大部份文章則是反吉普賽移民框架報導的(76篇文章)。此外，結果顯示《世界報》中佔優勢的框架是支持吉普賽人安全制度的框架，而《費加洛日報》佔優勢的框架則是反吉普賽人移民的國家主義框架。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Summer 2010 in France was marked by a major socio-political controversy: the expulsions of illegal Roma immigrants. The French news media widely broadcasted the issue, reconstructing the debate for the audiences. This thesis researched how French newspapers are being politicized in reporting the Roma immigration debate. Framing analysis of 240 articles in Le Monde and Le Figaro, two selected French national dailies of differing political ideology, supported Hallin and Mancini’s hypothesis of media instrumentalization and polarization in frame. Le Monde had a majority of pro-Roma immigration frames (107 articles) and Le Figaro had a majority of against Roma immigration frames (76 articles). Moreover, findings showed that Le Monde’s dominant frame was the pro-Roma securitization frame and Le Figaro’s dominant frame was the against Roma immigration nationalism frame.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..iv
Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………..v
Chart……………………………………………………………………………………………...vi
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………......vi

Chapter 1 Introduction: Immigration in Europe and Roma immigration in France 1
Research Problem: News Framing of Roma Expulsion in France 1
I.Immigration Policies and Challenges in Europe 4
The beginning of immigration in Europe………………………………………………….4
The difficulty of the Europeanization of national immigration policies…………………..7
Marginalization and social exclusion……………………………………………………...9
Integration………………………………………………………………………………..10
II. Immigration in France 11
France and the Republican model………………………………………………………..11
Post WWII immigration in France………………………………………………….........12
Demographics……………………………………………………………………………14
Integration and national identity………………………………………………………....16
III. Rumania and the Transitional System 17
IV. The Roma 18
Defining their numerous names………………………………………………………….19
Origins……………………………………………………………………………………21
First migrations…………………………………………………………………………22
Medieval times………………………………………………………………………….23
Changing attitudes………………………………………………………………………23
Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries…………………………………………………….24
The Age of Enlightenment……………………………………………………………….25
The forgotten Roma Holocaust…………………………………………………………..25
Under Communist rule…………………………………………………………………...26
In Western Europe……………………………………………………………………….27
Political mobilization…………………………………………………………………….28
Stereotypes and images.………………………………………………………………….29
V. The Facts, Summer 2010 30
VI. The Roma Immigration Debate and News Media 32

Chapter 2 Literature Review 34
I.Conceptualizing on Framing Analysis 35
II. Research on News Framing about Immigrants 37
Research about news framing of economic, social or political issues in general………..37
Research on news framing about immigrants……………………………………………39
III. Immigration Frames: Economization Securitization and Nationalism 42
Economization narratives………………………………………………………………..42
Securitization narratives……………………………………………………………….....43
Nationalist narratives…………………………………………………………………….44
IV. The Research Problem: framing the Roma Immigration Issue in France 46
Chapter 3 Method 49
I.Collection of the Articles for Analysis 51
II. Choice of Le Monde and Le Figaro 53
Le Monde………………………………………………………………………...53
Le Figaro………………………………………………………………………...55
III. Identifying the Discourse in the Dominant Three Frames 57
Sources and responsibility attribution…………………………………………...57
Identifying the frames in news reports: framing devices………………………...60

Chapter 4 Findings 62
I.Nationalism Frame 64
Pro-Roma Nationalism Frame: Le Monde……………………………………………….66
Against Roma Nationalism Frame: Le Figaro.…………………………………………..69
Comparing Le Monde and Le Figaro…………………………………………………….72
II. Securitization Frame 74
Pro-Roma Securitization Frame: Le Monde…………………...………………………...77
Against Roma Securitiation Frame: Le Figaro…………………………………………..80
Comparing Le Monde and Le Figaro…………………………………………………….81
III. Economization Frame 82
Pro-Roma Economization Frame: Le Monde……………………………………………84
Against Roma Economization Frame: Le Figaro………………………………………..85
Comparing Le Monde and Le Figaro……………………………………………………86
IV.Sources in the News Articles 87

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Discussion 91
References 97
Appendix 104		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1121390 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098461017en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 吉普塞人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 驅逐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移民zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法文報紙zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治制度化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Romaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) expulsionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) immigrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) framingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) French newspapersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) political instrumentalizationen_US
dc.title (題名) 法國驅逐吉普賽人：震撼二零一零年法國政治與社會的新聞之框架研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Roma`s expulsions in France: Framing the socio-political crisis that shook France in 2010en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acton, T. (2004). Modernity, culture and ‘Gypsies’: Is there a meta-scientific method for understanding the representation of ‘Gypsies’? And do the Dutch really exist? In N. Saul and S. Tebbutt (Eds.), The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures (98-116). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Bauder, H (2008). Neoliberalism and the economic utility of immigration: Media perspectives of Germany’s immigration law. Journal Compilation, Editorial Board of Antipode.
Bellier, I. (2008). Multiculturalization of societies: The state and human rights. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (134-151). Liverpool, Uk, Liverpool University Press.
Bendel, P. (2007). Everything under control? The European Union’s policies and politics of immigration. In T. Faist and A. Ette (Eds.), The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration: Between Autonomy and the European Union (32-48). Hampshire, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. London, Beverly Hills, New Delhi, SAGE Publications.
Boomgaarden, H. G., Vliegenthart, J. (2009). How news content influences anti-immigration attitudes: Germany, 1993-2005. European Journal of Political Research, 48, 516-542.
Branton, R. P., Dunaway, J. (2009). Slanted newspaper coverage of immigration: The importance of economics and geography. The Policy Studies Journal, 37 (2), 257-273.
Breger, C. (2004). Understanding the ‘Other’? Communication, history and narration in Margriet de Moor’s Hertog van Egypte (1996). In N. Saul and S. Tebbutt (Eds.), The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures (131-144). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Brochmann, G. (1999) The mechanisms of control. In G. Brochmann and T. Hammar (Eds.), Mechanisms of immigration control (1-28). Berg, Oxford, New York.
Buonfino, A. (2004). Between unity and plurality: The politicization and securitization of the discourse of immigration in Europe. New Political Science, 26 (1), 23-49.
Chong, D., Druckman, J.N. (2007). A theory of framing and opinion formation in competitive elite environments. Journal of Communication, 57, 99-118.
Clark, C. (2004). ‘Severity has often enraged but never subdued a Gypsy’: The history and making of European Romani stereotypes. In N. Saul and S. Tebbutt (Eds.), The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures (226-246). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Delantly, G., Jones, P., Wodak, R. (2008). Introduction: Migration, discrimination and belonging in Europe. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (1-20). Liverpool. UK, Liverpool University Press.
De Vreese, C. H. (2005). News framing: theory and typology. Information Design Journal + Document Design, 13 (1), 51-62.
Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43 (4), Autumn, 51-59.
Ette, A., Faist, T. (2007). The Europeanization of national policies and politics of immigration: Research, questions and concepts. In T. Faist and A. Ette (Eds.), The Europeanization of National Policies and Politics of Immigration: Between Autonomy and the European Union (3-31). Hampshire, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Europa World Year Book (2011). London, UK, Routledge.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Essex, UK, Longman Group UK Limited.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Cambridge, Oxford, UK, Polity Press.
Faron, O., Grange, C. (2003). Paris and its foreigners in the late eighteenth century. In A. Fahrmeir, O. Faron an P. Weil (Eds.), Migration Control in the North Atlantic World: The evolution of state practices in Europe and the United States from the French Revolution to the inter-war period (39-54). New York, Oxford, Berghahn Books.
Ferin, I. (2008). Immigrants in the Portuguese media. Portuguese Journal of Social Science, 7 (3), 181-194.
Flam, H., Beauzamy, B. (2008). Symbolic violence. In G. Delantly, R.Wodak and P. Jones (Eds.), Identity, Belonging and Migration (221-240). Liverpool, UK, Liverpool University Press.
Fraser, A. (1995). The Gypsies. Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing.
Friedman, T. L. (2008). Hot, flat and crowded. New York, US, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Girard, R. (1987). Things hidden since the foundation of the world. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Los Angeles, London, University of California Press/ Berkeley.
Hallin, D. C., Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. New York, USA, Cambridge University Press.
Hargreaves, A.G. (1995). Immigration, “race’ and ethnicity in contemporary France. London, New York, Routledge.
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