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題名 從橡皮圖章到專業立法？中國大陸全國人大專門委員會的制度化評估
From Rubber Stamp to a Specialized Legislature?Institutionalization of the Permanent Committees in China`s National People`s Congress
作者 張鈞智
Chang, Chun-Chih
貢獻者 趙建民
Chao, Chien-min
張鈞智
Chang, Chun-Chih
關鍵詞 全國人民代表大會
制度化
專門委員會
韌性威權
橡皮圖章
日期 2012
上傳時間 1-Oct-2013 13:34:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 中國大陸全國人民代表大會制度向來被詬病為橡皮圖章（Rubber Stamp），僅具有合法化威權政體之功能，但隨著政治體制的理性化和法制化趨勢，人大制度可能扮演不同的角色。

本文借鑑議會委員會理論，探討九至十一屆全國人大專門委員會的制度化（institutionalization）發展及其成效，研究發現有四：
一、在三個制度化的指標當中，專委會以繁複性發展最為顯著，周界和普遍原則的建立仍面臨許多障礙。
二、專委會領導階層的任免以部門利益而非專業為優先考量，但相較於無專業背景者，擁有專業背景者續任專委會職務的機率顯著較高。
三、不同委員會在甄補成員時會考量不同因素，但相較於其他委員會，最具影響力的法律委員會未能以專業背景作為成員甄補的重要標準，不利於專委會的專業化。
四、專委會制度化的成效展現在立法審議功能的強化，但立法起草的功能有所限縮，證明專委會的作用仍受到限制，另外，各個委員會之間面臨工作份量輕重不一的問題。

研究結果指出，中國大陸全國人大專委會的制度化以專業立法的功能發展最為顯著，但仍面臨若干問題，制度化發展其實是依循黨國（party-state）邏輯，其目標是建構專業的議會制度，以更有效維持黨國利益，本研究為韌性威權（resilient authoritarianism）理論提出明確的例證。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
95260505
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095260505
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 趙建民zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chao, Chien-minen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張鈞智zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Chun-Chihen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張鈞智zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Chun-Chihen_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2013 13:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Oct-2013 13:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2013 13:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095260505en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/61190-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95260505zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 中國大陸全國人民代表大會制度向來被詬病為橡皮圖章（Rubber Stamp），僅具有合法化威權政體之功能，但隨著政治體制的理性化和法制化趨勢，人大制度可能扮演不同的角色。

本文借鑑議會委員會理論，探討九至十一屆全國人大專門委員會的制度化（institutionalization）發展及其成效，研究發現有四：
一、在三個制度化的指標當中，專委會以繁複性發展最為顯著，周界和普遍原則的建立仍面臨許多障礙。
二、專委會領導階層的任免以部門利益而非專業為優先考量，但相較於無專業背景者，擁有專業背景者續任專委會職務的機率顯著較高。
三、不同委員會在甄補成員時會考量不同因素，但相較於其他委員會，最具影響力的法律委員會未能以專業背景作為成員甄補的重要標準，不利於專委會的專業化。
四、專委會制度化的成效展現在立法審議功能的強化，但立法起草的功能有所限縮，證明專委會的作用仍受到限制，另外，各個委員會之間面臨工作份量輕重不一的問題。

研究結果指出，中國大陸全國人大專委會的制度化以專業立法的功能發展最為顯著，但仍面臨若干問題，制度化發展其實是依循黨國（party-state）邏輯，其目標是建構專業的議會制度，以更有效維持黨國利益，本研究為韌性威權（resilient authoritarianism）理論提出明確的例證。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機、文獻檢閱與研究方法 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究重要性 3
第三節 文獻回顧與研究途徑 5
第四節 研究範圍 10
第五節 研究方法和研究限制 13
第六節 章節安排 17

第二章 相關理論探討 21
第一節 前言 21
第二節 委員會理論的簡介 21
第三節 黨國體制之下非自主性的制度化 27
第四節 委員會資深制和專業化 33
第五節 小結 38

第三章 全國人大專委會制度化的探討 41
第一節 前言 41
第二節 全國人大專委會的發展歷程 41
第三節 委員會制度化的指標建構 48
第四節 周界分析 51
第五節 繁複性分析 55
第六節 普遍規則分析 65
第七節 小結 70

第四章 全國人大專委會的資深制 71
第一節 前言 71
第二節 資深制的兩種面向 71
第三節 專委會資深制建立的瓶頸 74
第四節 變項說明和假設提出 77
第五節 資深制的實證分析 79
第六節 小結 90

第五章 全國人大專委會的專業化 93
第一節 前言 93
第二節 專業化理論的再探討 93
第三節 委員會的重要性分析 97
第四節 委員會成員的職業路徑 99
第五節 專委會的專業化差異分析 101
第六節 小結 110

第六章 全國人大專委會制度化的成效評 113
第一節 前言 113
第二節 立法表現的相關文獻 114
第三節 立法表現的研究架構 116
第四節 全國人大及其常委會的立法過程 119
第五節 委員會立法表現的實證分析：外部象限 126
第六節 委員會立法表現的實證分析：內部象限 132
第七節 小結 138

第七章 結論 141

參考文獻 147
附錄 159		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1230745 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095260505en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全國人民代表大會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制度化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專門委員會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 韌性威權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 橡皮圖章zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 從橡皮圖章到專業立法？中國大陸全國人大專門委員會的制度化評估zh_TW
dc.title (題名) From Rubber Stamp to a Specialized Legislature?Institutionalization of the Permanent Committees in China`s National People`s Congressen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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