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題名 地方記者資訊蒐集行為研究--一個社會網絡與資源交換的觀點
How Local Newspaper Journalists Gather Information? A Study in Social Network Approach作者 李品葭 貢獻者 陳百齡
李品葭關鍵詞 記者
人脈
資訊蒐集
資源
社會交換
journalist
social tie
information gathering
resource
social exchange日期 2013 上傳時間 1-Nov-2013 11:35:58 (UTC+8) 摘要 新聞記者的日常工作可視為一資訊蒐集行為,在資訊蒐集的過程中需要運用許多資源,其中,人脈扮演重要角色,然而目前從社會網絡角度出發,關照記者如何運用網絡中所蘊含的資源以協助記者日常新聞資訊蒐集活動的研究卻不多,因此,本研究企圖了解新聞記者在資訊蒐集場域中的人脈網絡樣貌,存在哪些資源類型及如何採取交換策略。 在研究方法與研究對象的選擇上,本研究從個案著手,以一位報社地方記者作為研究對象,藉由參與觀察法及深度訪談蒐集田野資料三十天。 本研究將蒐集而來的資料以量化及質化方法續作分析,繪製兩種網絡圖像,展現新聞中顯見的消息來源以及在蒐集過程中運用的人脈,結果發現許多在過程中取得資源的對象其實隱沒於新聞稿中。 本研究進一步發現,人脈可以提供不同類型的資源,包括一般資訊、珍稀資訊、知識經驗、中介資源、引薦資源以及權力資源,皆有助於記者的新聞資訊蒐集活動,除此之外,強連帶與弱連帶各有其資源優勢,強連帶較常提供珍稀資訊與引薦資源,而弱連帶則最常提供一般性的資訊以及中介性資源。 總括而言,新聞記者的新聞資訊蒐集活動倚靠人脈,但只有少數的人脈會被展現在新聞報導之中,許多人脈的運作隱藏於幕後,且不同連帶關係的人脈對象在過程中提供不同類型的資源與幫助,新聞記者必須辨識並活用之。而為了和不同連帶關係的人脈取得資源,記者會採取不同的社會交換策略。和強連帶的資源交換策略包括給予資訊資源、版面資源、知識資源、中介性資源、服務性資源以及信任性資源,特別的是,平常便會交換情感性資源以維持雙方關係;而面對弱連帶對象,當一般報酬無法滿足對方時,可藉由人脈中當作橋樑影響弱連帶以達成資訊蒐集目的。
Information gathering is one of the major tasks in journalistic work. Among the resources that journalists employ to gather news, social ties is an important factor that contributes to journalistic work. However, it is rarely known how social network was used as journalistic resources in daily news-gathering activities. This thesis aims to explore the above issues by employing a field study. This field study is based on a case of newspaper reporter who is assigned to local beat in Central Taiwan. The researcher made participatory observation and intensive interviews in a period of 30 days. Data was collected and kept in field journals. The data gathered were analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. Two social graphs were plotted to show how the news sources distributed in both news reported and daily journals. This paper further found that journalist benefits of social ties are quite diverse; social ties not only facilitates gathering of routine information, but also exclusive news, knowledge, experience, referral resources, power and trust. Strong and weak ties also provide different types of resources. In conclusion, journalists contact many social ties in their daily information gathering tasks. Only very few appear on news reporting, while many were hidden behind the scene. These social ties provide reliable aid in news gathering activities. 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國立政治大學
新聞研究所
99451015
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099451015 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳百齡 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李品葭 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 李品葭 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2013 11:35:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Nov-2013 11:35:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2013 11:35:58 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099451015 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/61441 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99451015 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 新聞記者的日常工作可視為一資訊蒐集行為,在資訊蒐集的過程中需要運用許多資源,其中,人脈扮演重要角色,然而目前從社會網絡角度出發,關照記者如何運用網絡中所蘊含的資源以協助記者日常新聞資訊蒐集活動的研究卻不多,因此,本研究企圖了解新聞記者在資訊蒐集場域中的人脈網絡樣貌,存在哪些資源類型及如何採取交換策略。 在研究方法與研究對象的選擇上,本研究從個案著手,以一位報社地方記者作為研究對象,藉由參與觀察法及深度訪談蒐集田野資料三十天。 本研究將蒐集而來的資料以量化及質化方法續作分析,繪製兩種網絡圖像,展現新聞中顯見的消息來源以及在蒐集過程中運用的人脈,結果發現許多在過程中取得資源的對象其實隱沒於新聞稿中。 本研究進一步發現,人脈可以提供不同類型的資源,包括一般資訊、珍稀資訊、知識經驗、中介資源、引薦資源以及權力資源,皆有助於記者的新聞資訊蒐集活動,除此之外,強連帶與弱連帶各有其資源優勢,強連帶較常提供珍稀資訊與引薦資源,而弱連帶則最常提供一般性的資訊以及中介性資源。 總括而言,新聞記者的新聞資訊蒐集活動倚靠人脈,但只有少數的人脈會被展現在新聞報導之中,許多人脈的運作隱藏於幕後,且不同連帶關係的人脈對象在過程中提供不同類型的資源與幫助,新聞記者必須辨識並活用之。而為了和不同連帶關係的人脈取得資源,記者會採取不同的社會交換策略。和強連帶的資源交換策略包括給予資訊資源、版面資源、知識資源、中介性資源、服務性資源以及信任性資源,特別的是,平常便會交換情感性資源以維持雙方關係;而面對弱連帶對象,當一般報酬無法滿足對方時,可藉由人脈中當作橋樑影響弱連帶以達成資訊蒐集目的。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Information gathering is one of the major tasks in journalistic work. Among the resources that journalists employ to gather news, social ties is an important factor that contributes to journalistic work. However, it is rarely known how social network was used as journalistic resources in daily news-gathering activities. This thesis aims to explore the above issues by employing a field study. This field study is based on a case of newspaper reporter who is assigned to local beat in Central Taiwan. The researcher made participatory observation and intensive interviews in a period of 30 days. Data was collected and kept in field journals. The data gathered were analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. Two social graphs were plotted to show how the news sources distributed in both news reported and daily journals. This paper further found that journalist benefits of social ties are quite diverse; social ties not only facilitates gathering of routine information, but also exclusive news, knowledge, experience, referral resources, power and trust. Strong and weak ties also provide different types of resources. In conclusion, journalists contact many social ties in their daily information gathering tasks. Only very few appear on news reporting, while many were hidden behind the scene. These social ties provide reliable aid in news gathering activities. And a journalist has to identify, activate the connections, and make exchanges to get help according to the types of ties and resources needed. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 I 表目錄 III 圖目錄 III 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 進入研究領域 1 第二節 問題意識 3 第三節 小節與章節安排 6 第二章 文獻探討 8 第一節 資訊蒐集行為 8 第二節 人脈觀點下的記者與消息來源 12 第三節 鑲嵌在社會網絡中的資源 19 第三章 研究方法 35 第一節 研究問題特性與研究方法設計 35 第二節 研究場域 39 第三節 研究步驟 41 第四章 資料分析 43 第一節 地方記者的工作概況與一天 43 第二節 地方記者的人脈 48 第三節 資源類型分析 58 第四節 新聞資訊蒐集的社會交換及其策略 76 第五節 本章總結 98 第五章 結論與建議 102 第一節 研究摘要與回顧 102 第二節 研究發現概要 103 第三節 研究價值與貢獻 107 第四節 研究限制與未來研究方向 110 參考文獻 112 附錄 120 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099451015 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 記者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人脈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊蒐集 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會交換 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) journalist en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social tie en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) information gathering en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) resource en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social exchange en_US dc.title (題名) 地方記者資訊蒐集行為研究--一個社會網絡與資源交換的觀點 zh_TW dc.title (題名) How Local Newspaper Journalists Gather Information? 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