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題名 論保護責任的倡議與實踐
The Initiatives and Practices of Responsibility to Protect
作者 林士先
Lin, Shih Hsien
貢獻者 陳純一
Chen, Chun I
林士先
Lin, Shih Hsien
關鍵詞 國際安全
人類安全
保護責任倡議
國際人道法
人道干涉
international security
human security
responsibility to protect
international humanitarian law
humanitarian intervention
日期 2013
上傳時間 1-Nov-2013 11:36:15 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文主要的目的在於探討保護責任(簡稱R2P)這個概念發展的背景與實踐。自從有人類歷史以來戰爭與武裝衝突在人類的歷史之上便未曾消失過,而隨著時代的演進與國際法對於人權的保護與武力使用的規範也更加完備,但是在冷戰結束後接踵而來的各種武裝衝突,使得國際法學界必須重新思考如何處理這些新的挑戰。
  
  這個概念首先是由加拿大的「干涉與國家主權國際委員會」(International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, ICISS)為了回應當時聯合國秘書長安南的提議所設立的。其主要的概念核心在於國家有責任保護人民免於遭受種絕滅絕、戰爭罪、種族清洗與違反人道罪等國際罪行的侵害。而當國家無此能力或無意願擔負這個保護人民的責任之時,則這個責任便應該由國際社會來承擔。但是保護責任倡議的這個主張與傳統國際法中的「不干涉內政」、「主權平等」和「禁止使用武力」等原則相互衝突,因此保護責任這個概念從2001年提出至今在國際法學界依然有很多的爭論。

  面對這個問題,本文的主要目的在於整理與回顧保護責任概念的發展與演變,同時希望透過過去的幾個案例,檢視保護責任概念的具體實踐。本文希望透過這些討論使得人權與主權的關係、保護責任概念的法理基礎與法律定位等問題,有一個比較清晰的答案。
The main purpose of this essay is to review the background of the development and practice of the concept "responsibility to protect" (R2P). In the history of mankind, wars and armed conflicts have never disappeared. And with the evolution of the times, the laws of the protection of human rights norms and the use of force are also more complete. But after the end of Cold War, the international community was suffered from various armed conflicts, making the international community must rethink how to deal with these new challenges.

The concept of "R2P "was first introduced by Canada`s "Intervention and State Sovereignty International Committee"(ICISS), which was established in response to the proposal of the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.

The core concept of responsibility to protect is the sovereign state has the responsibility to protect its people from being suffered of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. And when the state is lacking such capability or unwilling to take the responsibility of protection of its people, Then this responsibility should be shifted to the international community. However the initiative "responsibility to protect" is contradicted to the traditional international law principles such as: “non-interference in internal affairs", "sovereign equality" and "prohibit the use of force".

Faced with this problem, the main purpose of this paper is to review the development and evolution of the concept of "responsibility to protect", and hope that through the process of case study to view the practice of the concept of "responsibility to protect". And in the conclusion of this essay, the author will discussed the controversy of between human rights and state sovereignty, the legal basis and the current legal status of the concept of "responsibility to protect".
參考文獻 壹、中文部分

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丘宏達著、陳純一修訂,現代國際法修訂第三版(台北;三民出版,2012)。
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二、期刊

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貳、英文部分

I. Book

Annan, Kofi A. The question of intervention: statements by the Secretary-General, (New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1999).
Arend, Anthony C.&Robert J. Beck. International Law and the Use of Force (London: Routledge., 1999).
Bellamy, Alex J. Responsibility to Protect: The Global Effort to End Mass Atrocities (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009).
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. An agenda for peace: preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, and peace-keeping : report of the Secretary-General pursuant to the statement adopted by the summit meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992 (New York : United Nations, 1992).
Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law, Sixth edition (New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 2003).
Cassese, Antonio. International Law in a Divided World. (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989).
Cooper, Richard H. and Juliette Voinov Kohler eds. Responsibility to Protect: The Global Moral Compact for the 21st Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)
Deng, Francis. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa (Washington D.C: Brookings Institution 1996).
Evans, Gareth. The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and For All (Washington D.C: Brookings Institution 2008).
Gellately, Robert and Ben Kiernan. The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Holzgrefe, J.L. and Robert O. Keohane. Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Jett, Dennis C. Why Peacekeeping Fails (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999).
Levy, Jack S. and William R. Thompson, Cause of War (MA: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2010).
Mango, Anthony. Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 3rd ed. (New York & London: Routledge, 2003) Vol. 3.
Murphy, Sean D. Humanitarian Intervention: The United Nations in an Evolving World Order (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).

II.Journal

Bellamy, Alex J., “The Responsibility to Protect—Five Years On,” Ethics & International Affairs, Vol.24 No.2 (Summer 2010), pp.143-169.
Cassese, Antonio, “A Follow-Up: Forcible Humanitarian Countermeasures and Opinio Necessitatis,” European Journal of International Law, Vol.10 No.4 (Winter 1999), pp.791-799.
Clarke, Walter and Jeffrey Herbst, “Somalia and Future of Humanitarian Intervention,” Foreign Affairs, Vol.75 No.2 (March/April 1996), pp.70-85.
Evans, Gareth and Mohamed Sahnoun, “The Responsibility to Protect,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 81 No. 6 (November/December 2002), pp.99-110.
Finnemor, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink, “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change,” International Organization, Vol.52 No.4 (Autumn 1999), pp.887-917.
Marc, Levy; Oran R. Young and Michael Zurn, “The Study of International Regimes,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol.1 No.3 (September 1999), pp.267-330.
Payandeh, Mehrdad, “With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility? The Concept of the Responsibility to Protect Within the Process of International Lawmaking,” Yale Journal of International Law, Vol.35 No.2 (Fall 2010), pp.470-516.
Simma, Bruno, “NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects,” European Journal of International Law, Vol.10 No.1, 1999 pp.1-22.
Sumantra, Bose, “The Bosnian State a Decade after Dayton,” International Peacekeeping,Vol.12 No.3 (Autumn 2011), pp.322-335.
Stahn, Carsten, “Responsibility to Protect: Political Rhetoric or Emerging Legal Norm?,” The American Journal of International Law, Vol.101 No.1 (January 2007), pp.99-120.
Thompson, Kenneth W., “Collective Security Reexamined,” The American Political Science Review, Vol.47 No.3 (August 1953), pp.753-772.
Valentin, Benjamin A., “The True Costs of Humanitarian Intervention: The Hard Truth About a Noble Notion,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 90 No. 6 (November/December 2011), pp.60-73.
Weiss, Thomas, “The Sunset of Humanitarian Intervention: The Responsibility to Protect in a Unipolar Era,” Security Dialogue, Vol.35 No.2 (June 2004), pp.135-153.
Wesgwood, Ruth,“The Evolution of United Nations Peacekeeping,”Cornell International Law Journal,Vol.28 No.3 (Fall 1995), pp.631-643.
Western, Jon. and Joshua. S Goldstein, “Humanitarian Intervention Comes of Age: Lessons from Somalia to Libya,” Foreign Affairs, Vol.90 No.6 (November/December 2011), pp.48-59.

III. Internet Resource

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“A more secure world: Our shared Responsibility,” Report of the Secretary-General’s High-level panel on Threats, Challenges and Change,

(December 2, 2004).

Annan, Kofi, “In larger freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human rights forAll,”UN/A/59/2005,(March 21, 2005).

“Annual Report of ICJ 1999,”International Court of Justice, (August 26, 1999).

Ash, Timothy Garton, “We have a responsibility to protect the people of Burma. But how?” The Guardian, (May 22, 2008).

Ball, Patrick, Wendy Betts, Fritz Scheuren,Jana Dudukovich, and Jana Asher.“Killings and Refugee Flow in Kosovo March - June 1999 A Report to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia,”ICTY,
( January 3, 2002).

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Ki-moon, Ban,“The Role of Regional and Sub-regional Arrangement in Implementing the Responsibility to protect,”UN/A/65/877, (June 27, 2011).

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
99253008
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099253008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳純一zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chun Ien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林士先zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Shih Hsienen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林士先zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Shih Hsienen_US
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2013 11:36:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Nov-2013 11:36:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2013 11:36:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0099253008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/61443-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99253008zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文主要的目的在於探討保護責任(簡稱R2P)這個概念發展的背景與實踐。自從有人類歷史以來戰爭與武裝衝突在人類的歷史之上便未曾消失過,而隨著時代的演進與國際法對於人權的保護與武力使用的規範也更加完備,但是在冷戰結束後接踵而來的各種武裝衝突,使得國際法學界必須重新思考如何處理這些新的挑戰。
  
  這個概念首先是由加拿大的「干涉與國家主權國際委員會」(International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, ICISS)為了回應當時聯合國秘書長安南的提議所設立的。其主要的概念核心在於國家有責任保護人民免於遭受種絕滅絕、戰爭罪、種族清洗與違反人道罪等國際罪行的侵害。而當國家無此能力或無意願擔負這個保護人民的責任之時,則這個責任便應該由國際社會來承擔。但是保護責任倡議的這個主張與傳統國際法中的「不干涉內政」、「主權平等」和「禁止使用武力」等原則相互衝突,因此保護責任這個概念從2001年提出至今在國際法學界依然有很多的爭論。

  面對這個問題,本文的主要目的在於整理與回顧保護責任概念的發展與演變,同時希望透過過去的幾個案例,檢視保護責任概念的具體實踐。本文希望透過這些討論使得人權與主權的關係、保護責任概念的法理基礎與法律定位等問題,有一個比較清晰的答案。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The main purpose of this essay is to review the background of the development and practice of the concept "responsibility to protect" (R2P). In the history of mankind, wars and armed conflicts have never disappeared. And with the evolution of the times, the laws of the protection of human rights norms and the use of force are also more complete. But after the end of Cold War, the international community was suffered from various armed conflicts, making the international community must rethink how to deal with these new challenges.

The concept of "R2P "was first introduced by Canada`s "Intervention and State Sovereignty International Committee"(ICISS), which was established in response to the proposal of the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.

The core concept of responsibility to protect is the sovereign state has the responsibility to protect its people from being suffered of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. And when the state is lacking such capability or unwilling to take the responsibility of protection of its people, Then this responsibility should be shifted to the international community. However the initiative "responsibility to protect" is contradicted to the traditional international law principles such as: “non-interference in internal affairs", "sovereign equality" and "prohibit the use of force".

Faced with this problem, the main purpose of this paper is to review the development and evolution of the concept of "responsibility to protect", and hope that through the process of case study to view the practice of the concept of "responsibility to protect". And in the conclusion of this essay, the author will discussed the controversy of between human rights and state sovereignty, the legal basis and the current legal status of the concept of "responsibility to protect".
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論

一、研究動機與目的----------------------------------------01-08
二、文獻探討---------------------------------------------08-12
三、研究方法與架構----------------------------------------12-15
四、研究範圍與限制----------------------------------------16-17

第貳章 提出保護責任倡議的背景

一、國際人道法與國際人權規範的演進---------------------------19-23
二、國際社會在後冷戰時期面對的人道危機與挑戰-------------------24-29
三、人道干涉的相關爭議-------------------------------------30-34
四、小結------------------------------------------------34-36

第參章 保護責任的倡議

一、2001年「干涉與國家主權國際委員會」《保護責任》報告 ---------38-45
二、2005年《世界高峰會議成果文件》--------------------------45-50
三、保護責任倡議的最新發展---------------------------------50-55
四、小結------------------------------------------------55-58

第肆章 保護責任的國際實踐

一、行使保護責任的相關案例(一)蘇丹---------------------------60-68
二、行使保護責任的相關案例(二)利比亞-------------------------68-75
三、行使保護責任的相關案例(三)緬甸---------------------------75-78
四、小結------------------------------------------------78-81

第伍章 實踐保護責任的倡議所面對的問題與挑戰

一、保護責任在國際法上的定位--------------------------------83-88
二、保護責任與現行國際法體系的異同---------------------------88-96
三、國家與國際社會行使保護責任的成效分析---------------------96-100
四、小結----------------------------------------------100-102

第六章 結論-------------------------------------------103-105

參考文獻----------------------------------------------106-114
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1656278 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099253008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人類安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保護責任倡議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際人道法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人道干涉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international securityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) human securityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) responsibility to protecten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international humanitarian lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) humanitarian interventionen_US
dc.title (題名) 論保護責任的倡議與實踐zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Initiatives and Practices of Responsibility to Protecten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分

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貳、英文部分

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Cooper, Richard H. and Juliette Voinov Kohler eds. Responsibility to Protect: The Global Moral Compact for the 21st Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)
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II.Journal

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