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題名 信用連結債券評價—Factor Copula模型應用
Application of Factor Copula Model on the Valuation of Credit-Linked Notes
作者 朱婉寧
貢獻者 廖四郎
朱婉寧
關鍵詞 信用連結債券
違約機率
Factor Copula模型
credit-linked notes
default probability
Factor Copula Model
日期 2012
上傳時間 2-Jan-2014 13:56:12 (UTC+8)
摘要 信用連結債券的價值主要取決於所連結資產池內的資產違約情況,因此過去有許多文獻在評價時會利用Copula模擬各資產的違約時點,或是用Factor Copula估算他們在各時點下的違約機率。而本研究以Gaussian Factor Copula模型為主軸,對資產池違約機率做估計,以得到連結該資產池的信用連結債券價值。但過去文獻較常以給定參數的方式進行評價,本研究進一步利用市場實際資料估出模型參數並加入產業因子,以期達到符合市場的效果。
本研究利用已知的違約資訊對照模型結果,發現在給定原油價格成長率、產業GDP成長率及CAPM殘差之後,使用Factor Copula模型在資產池小且違約比例過高時容易低估損失,主要原因在於各資產的違約機率並非逼近1。且模型算出的預期損失會隨著距今時間變長而增加,但若資產池實際上沒有更多違約公司,模型的結果就可能會高估損失。而所有的變數又以參考價差對該商品價值的影響最大,因參考價差的數值取決於該公司的信用評等,因此可知信用連結債券價值主要還是與各公司信評有最大相關。
The value of credit linked notes depends on whether the reference entities in the linked asset pool default or not, so some previous studies used Copula model to simulate the times to default or Factor Copula model to get the default probability. In this paper, with the Gaussian Factor Copula model adopted and industry factors taken into account, the default probability is estimated in order to obtain the value of the credit linked notes. Then, unlike other previous studies using the given parameters, this paper evaluated the parameters by using the model as well as market data, hoping to achieve the goal that results can reflect the real market situation.
With real default information compared with the modeling results, three findings can be drawn given the growth rate of oil price, the growth rate of industrial GDP and the residuals of CAPM. First, the loss will be underestimated if the asset pool is small and the default proportion is too high mainly because not all the default probability approximates one. Second, expected default probability will be directly proportional to the time period between the present and the expected moment. So if there are not so many defaulting companies, then the loss might be overestimated. Last, the reference spread has the most impact on the product value among all the variables, and as we know, the reference spread of a company depends on its credit rating. Therefore, compared with other factors, credit rating remains the most essential to credit linked notes.
參考文獻 英文部分
[1] Davis, M. and V. Lo (2001). "Infectious defaults." Quantitative Finance 1: p. 382-397.
[2] Duan, J.-C. (2010). Clustered Defaults. Risk magazine: p. 87-91.
[3] Duan, J.-C. and A. Fulop (2012). "Multiperiod Corporate Default Prediction with the Partially-Conditioned Forward Intensity." Working Paper.
[4] Gregory, J. and J.-P. Laurent (2004). "In the Core of Correlation." Risk 17: p. 87-91.
[5] Hull, J. and A. White (2004). "Valuation of a CDO and an nth to Default CDS Without Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of Derivatives 12(2): p. 8-23.
[6] Hwang, R.-C. (2012). "A varying-coefficient default model." International Journal of Forecasting 28: p. 675-688.
[7] Jarrow, R. A. and F. YU (2001). "Counterparty Risk and the Pricing of Defaultable Securities." Journal of Finance 56: p. 1765-1799.
[8] Li, D. X. (2000). "On Default Correlation: A Copula Function Approach." Journal of Fixed Income: p. 41-50.
[9] Longstaff, F., et al. (2004). "Corporate Yield Spreads: Default Risk or Liquidity? New Evidence from the Credit-Default Swap Market." Working Paper.
[10] Rosch, D. and B. Winterfeldt (2008). Estimating Credit Contagion in a Standard Factor Model. Risk: p. 78-82.

中文部分
[1] 李美儀 (2005). "信用衍生性商品之擔保債權憑證之評價與分析." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
[2] 張耀洲 (2004). "擔保債權憑證之評價-BET、Copula與Factor Copula方法之比較與分析." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
[3] 郭銚倫 (2005). "信用評等分組下之合成型CDO評價." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
金融研究所
100352002
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100352002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 廖四郎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 朱婉寧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 朱婉寧zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jan-2014 13:56:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jan-2014 13:56:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jan-2014 13:56:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100352002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/63192-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 金融研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100352002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 信用連結債券的價值主要取決於所連結資產池內的資產違約情況,因此過去有許多文獻在評價時會利用Copula模擬各資產的違約時點,或是用Factor Copula估算他們在各時點下的違約機率。而本研究以Gaussian Factor Copula模型為主軸,對資產池違約機率做估計,以得到連結該資產池的信用連結債券價值。但過去文獻較常以給定參數的方式進行評價,本研究進一步利用市場實際資料估出模型參數並加入產業因子,以期達到符合市場的效果。
本研究利用已知的違約資訊對照模型結果,發現在給定原油價格成長率、產業GDP成長率及CAPM殘差之後,使用Factor Copula模型在資產池小且違約比例過高時容易低估損失,主要原因在於各資產的違約機率並非逼近1。且模型算出的預期損失會隨著距今時間變長而增加,但若資產池實際上沒有更多違約公司,模型的結果就可能會高估損失。而所有的變數又以參考價差對該商品價值的影響最大,因參考價差的數值取決於該公司的信用評等,因此可知信用連結債券價值主要還是與各公司信評有最大相關。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The value of credit linked notes depends on whether the reference entities in the linked asset pool default or not, so some previous studies used Copula model to simulate the times to default or Factor Copula model to get the default probability. In this paper, with the Gaussian Factor Copula model adopted and industry factors taken into account, the default probability is estimated in order to obtain the value of the credit linked notes. Then, unlike other previous studies using the given parameters, this paper evaluated the parameters by using the model as well as market data, hoping to achieve the goal that results can reflect the real market situation.
With real default information compared with the modeling results, three findings can be drawn given the growth rate of oil price, the growth rate of industrial GDP and the residuals of CAPM. First, the loss will be underestimated if the asset pool is small and the default proportion is too high mainly because not all the default probability approximates one. Second, expected default probability will be directly proportional to the time period between the present and the expected moment. So if there are not so many defaulting companies, then the loss might be overestimated. Last, the reference spread has the most impact on the product value among all the variables, and as we know, the reference spread of a company depends on its credit rating. Therefore, compared with other factors, credit rating remains the most essential to credit linked notes.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 擔保債權憑證(CDO)介紹 3
第二節 信用連結債券(CLN)介紹 5
第三節 違約機率評價方法 6
第三章 研究方法 12
第一節 存活函數及違約強度 12
第二節 建立Factor Copula模型 13
第三節 機率水桶法 (Probability Bucketing) 15
第四章 實證結果 18
第一節 商品架構 18
第二節 模型變數介紹 19
第三節 資料來源 20
第四節 結果與討論 21
第五節 敏感度分析 25
第五章 結論與建議 28
第一節 結論 28
第二節 未來改進方向 29
參 考 文 獻 30
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100352002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信用連結債券zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 違約機率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Factor Copula模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) credit-linked notesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) default probabilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Factor Copula Modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 信用連結債券評價—Factor Copula模型應用zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Application of Factor Copula Model on the Valuation of Credit-Linked Notesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分
[1] Davis, M. and V. Lo (2001). "Infectious defaults." Quantitative Finance 1: p. 382-397.
[2] Duan, J.-C. (2010). Clustered Defaults. Risk magazine: p. 87-91.
[3] Duan, J.-C. and A. Fulop (2012). "Multiperiod Corporate Default Prediction with the Partially-Conditioned Forward Intensity." Working Paper.
[4] Gregory, J. and J.-P. Laurent (2004). "In the Core of Correlation." Risk 17: p. 87-91.
[5] Hull, J. and A. White (2004). "Valuation of a CDO and an nth to Default CDS Without Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of Derivatives 12(2): p. 8-23.
[6] Hwang, R.-C. (2012). "A varying-coefficient default model." International Journal of Forecasting 28: p. 675-688.
[7] Jarrow, R. A. and F. YU (2001). "Counterparty Risk and the Pricing of Defaultable Securities." Journal of Finance 56: p. 1765-1799.
[8] Li, D. X. (2000). "On Default Correlation: A Copula Function Approach." Journal of Fixed Income: p. 41-50.
[9] Longstaff, F., et al. (2004). "Corporate Yield Spreads: Default Risk or Liquidity? New Evidence from the Credit-Default Swap Market." Working Paper.
[10] Rosch, D. and B. Winterfeldt (2008). Estimating Credit Contagion in a Standard Factor Model. Risk: p. 78-82.

中文部分
[1] 李美儀 (2005). "信用衍生性商品之擔保債權憑證之評價與分析." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
[2] 張耀洲 (2004). "擔保債權憑證之評價-BET、Copula與Factor Copula方法之比較與分析." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
[3] 郭銚倫 (2005). "信用評等分組下之合成型CDO評價." 國立政治大學金融研究所碩士論文.
zh_TW