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題名 全球旅行地行銷機構網站評估
Web site evaluation of national destination marketing organizations
作者 杭愛蓮
Alena Hausteinova
貢獻者 施琮仁
Shih, Tsung Jen
杭愛蓮
Alena Hausteinova
關鍵詞 目的地營銷
旅遊市場營銷
網站評估
國家發展
destination marketing
tourism marketing
tourism photographs
Web site evaluation
post-colonial theory
country development
日期 2013
上傳時間 2-Jan-2014 14:35:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 此論文目的為旅遊目的地行銷網站，特別是國家觀光局及國家機構的官方網站。除了檢視利用目的地行銷理論文獻檢視行銷成功網站的特點之外，更建立一個比較目的地網站之評估工具。\n此論文更加探索國家旅遊目的地網站及國家發展指標之相互關係，也加以討論相互關係中的因果及提供未來相關研究之建議。\n最後，此論文調查網站上的圖片及製片，研究最常表象出的主題及探討照片主題及網站發展程度和旅遊地點地理位置之相互關係及模式。
This thesis focuses at destination marketing Web sites, specifically Web sites run by official tourism bodies such as tourism boards, national tourism agencies, ministries of tourism etc., and examines what features are important in a successful Web site by combining a number or studies on Web site evaluation and destination marketing theory, thus creating a comprehensive destination marketing Web site evaluation tool. This study also looks at the photograph themes used on the Web sites.\nThe analysis further discovers that there is a strong relationship between the quality of national destination Web sites and the development level of the country. The thesis discusses the possible causality and other influences on these found relationships and offers suggestions for future research in this area. \nFinally, photographs present on the Web sites are examined to find out what themes are most commonly present. The evaluation reveals that there is a clear pattern between the photograph themes and that these findings comply with the post-colonial theory.
參考文獻 Aaberge, T., Grøtte, I. P., Haugen, O., Skogseid, I. & Ølnes, S. (2004) Evaluation of Tourism Web Sites: A Theoretical Framework, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Conference Proceeding, January 2004\n\nAbeleto A. (2002). Objective Evaluation of Likely Usability Hazards-preliminaries for User Testing. Retrieved from http://abeleto.nl/pdf/objective-evaluation-websites-19990000.pdf \n\nAdventure Travel Trade Association (2013) Adventure Tourism Market Study 2013. Retrieved from http://files.adventuretravel.biz/docs/research/adventure-tourism-market-study-2013-web.pdf\n\nAu Yeung, T. & Law, R. (2006). Evaluation of usability: a study of hotel Web sites in Hong Kong. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30 (4), 1–22.\n\nBabin, L. A. & Burns, A. C. (1997). Effects of print ad pictures and copy containing instructions to imagine on mental imagery that mediates attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 26 (3), 33-44. \n\nBeldona, S. & Cai L. A. (2006). An exploratory evaluation of rural tourism websites. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 8 (1): 69–80. \n\nBigne, J., Sanchez, M., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation \nvariables and after purchase behavior: Inter-relationships. Tourism \nManagement, 22 (6), 607–616.\n\nBuhalis, D. (2000). “Tourism in an Era of Information Technology.” In Tourism in the 21st Century: Lessons from Experience, edited by B. Faulkner, G. Moscardo, and E. Laws. London: Routledge, 163 – 181\n\nBurgess, L., Cooper, J. & Alcock, C. (2001) “The Adoption of The Web as a Marketing Tool by Regional Tourism Associations (RTA"s) in Australia, Proceedings ACIS2001, Coffs Harbour, Australia, December 5 – 7.\n\nCano, V. & Prentice, R. (1998). Opportunities for endearment to place through electronic visiting: www homepages and the tourism promotion of Scotland. Tourism Mangement, 19 (1): 67 – 73\n\nCanton, K. & Santos, C. A. (2008). Closing the hermeneutic circle? Photographic encounters with the other. Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (1): 7 – 26\n\nChiou, W. C., Lin, C. C. & Perng, C. (2010). A strategic framework for Web site evaluation based on a review of the literature from 1995 – 2006, Information Management, 47: 282 – 290\n\nChoi, S., Lehto, X. Y., & Oleary, J. T. (2007). What does the consumer want from a DMO Web site? A study of US and Canadian tourists’ perspectives. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 59 -72. \n\nCohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20 (1): 37 – 46. \n\nCronin, M. J. (1995). Doing More Business on the Internet: How the Electronic Highway Is Transforming American Companies. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.\n\nDay, J., Skidmore, S. & Koller, T. (2001) Image selection in destination positioning: A new approach, Journal of Vacation marketing, 8 (2): 117 – 186\n\nDominick, J.R. (1999) ‘Who Do You Think You Are? Personal Home Pages and Self- Presentation on the World Wide Web’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76 (4): 646–58.\n\nDoolin, B., Burgess, L. & Cooper, J. (2002). Evaluating the use of the web for tourism marketing: a case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management, 23(5): 557–561. \n\nDou, W., Ren, Y., Wu, S., Chen, Y., Bloyet, D., & Constans, J. M. (2007). Fuzzy kappa for the agreement measure of fuzzy classifications. Neurocomputing, 70 (4-6): 726 – 734. \n\nEschenfelder, K. R., Beachboard, J. C., McClure, C. R. & Wyman, S. K. (1997). Assessing U.S. federal government Web sites, Government Information Quarterly, 14 (2), 173 – 189\n\nEchtner, C. M. & Prasad, P. (2003) The context of third world tourism marketing, Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (3): 660 – 682\n\nEchtner, C. M. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993) The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Travel Research, 31 (4): 3 – 13 \n\nFakeye, P., & Crompton, J. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the lower Rio Grande valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16. \n\nField, J. M., Heim, G. R. & Sinha, K. K.(2004). “Managing Quality in the E-Service System: Development and Application of a Process Model.” Production and Operations Management, 13 (4): 291 – 306\n\nFursich, E. & Robins, M. B. (2002) Africa.com: The Self-representation of Sub-Saharan Nations on the World Wide Web, Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19 (2): 190 – 211\n\nGandhi, L. (1998). Post-colonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. St. Leonards Australia: Allen & Unwin.\n\nGartrell, R. B. (1994). Destination Marketing for Convention and Visitor Bureaus, 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.\n\nGoosens, C. F. (1995). External information search: effects of tour brochures with experiential information. Journal of Travel and Tourim Marketing, 3 (3): 89 – 107\n\n\nGretzel, U., D. R. Fesenmaier, S. Formica, and J. T. O’Leary (2006). “Searching for the Future: Challenges Faced by Destination Marketing Organizations.” Journal of Travel Research, 45 (2): 116–126\n\nGretzel, U. Yuan, Y. & Fesenmeier, D. R. (2000). Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (2): 146 – 56\n\nGupta, H., Jones, E. & Coleman, P. (2004) How Do Welsh Tourism – SME Web site Approach Customer Relationship Management, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2004, Conference Proceeding\n\nHall, C. M. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes, Relationships. UK: Prentice Hall. \n\nHan, J.H. & Mills, J.E. (2006). Zero acquaintance bench-marking at travel destination websites: what is the first impression that national tourism organizations try to make?, International Journal of Tourism Research, 8 (6): 405–430. \n\nHashim, N. H., Murphy J., & Law R. (2007). A review of hospitality Web site design frameworks. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (2007), O’Conner, P., Höpken, W., Gretzel, U. (eds). Springer-Verlag: New York, Vienna; 219– 229. \n\nIp, C., Law, R. & Lee, H. (2011) A Review of Website Evaluation Studies in the Tourism and Hospitality Fields from 1996 to 2009, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13: 234 – 265 \n\nKao, Y. F., P. Louvieris, J. Powell-Perry, & D. Buhalis (2005). “E- Satisfaction of NTO’s Web site Case Study: Singapore Tourism Board’s Taiwan Web site.” In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, edited by A. J. Frew. Vienna, Austria: Springer Verlag, pp. 227–237. \n\nKaplanidou, K. & Vogt, C. (2006). A Structural Analysis of Destination Travel Intentions as a Function of Web Site Features, Journal of Travel Research, 45: 204 – 216\n\nKerr, G., Tsoi C. F. & Burgess, L. (2009) Evaluating the Use of the Web for Tourism Marketing in Hong Kong, Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (pp. 1-8). Melbourne, Australia: Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy.\n \nKim, S., & D. R. Fesenmaier (2005). “Persuasive Designs of Tourism Web sites in the United States.” In Proceedings the 36th Annual Conference of Travel Tourism Research Association. Boise, ID: Travel and Tourism Research Association. \n\nKim, S.E., Shaw, T. & Schneider, H. (2003). Web Site Design Benchmarking Within Industry Groups. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 13(1), 17-26. \n\nLaw, R., Qi, S., & Buhalis, D. (2010) Progress in tourism management: a review of Web site evaluation in tourism research. Tourism Management, 31(3): 297–313. \n\nLi, X. & Wang, Y. (2010). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Destination Marketing Organization‘ Web sites: Evidence from China, International Journal of Tourism Research, 12: 536 – 549\n\nLiu, C., Arnett, K. P., & Litecky, C. (2000) Exploring the factors associated with Web site success in the context of electronic commerce, Information and Management, 38: 23–33. \n\nLuna-Nevarez, C. & Hyman, M. R. (2012) Common practices in destination Web site design, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 1: 94 – 106\n\nMartini, U. (2002) Hypothesis of Destination management in Alpine tourism. In Franch, M. (Ed.), Destination management: Managing tourism from local to global. (pp. 67-111).\n\nMcGill, A. L., & Anand, P. (1989). The effect of imagery on information processing strategy in a multi-attribute choice task. Marketing Letters, 1(1), 7-16. \n\nMishra, V. & Hodge, B. (1991) What is Post-Colonialism?, Textual Practice, 5: 399–414. \n\nMorrison, A. M., Bruen, S.M., & Anderson, D.J. (1998) Convention and visitor bureaus in the USA: A profile of bureaus, bureaus executives, and budgets. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(1): 1–19. \n\nPark, Y. A. & Gretzel, U. (2007) Success factors for Destination Marketing Web Sites: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis, Journal of Travel Research, 46: 46 – 63\n\nPrasad, A. (1997) The Colonizing Consciousness and Representations of the Other: A Post- \ncolonial Critique of the Discourse of Oil. In Managing the Organizational Melting Pot: Dilemmas of Workplace Diversity, P. Prasad, A. Mills, M. Elmes and A. Prasad, eds., pp. 285–311. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. \n\nReimer, G. (1990) Packaging dreams: Canadian Tour Operators at Work. Annals of Tourism Research, 17: 501 – 512 \n\nRozier-Rich, S. & Santos, C. A. (2010). Processing promotional travel narratives. Tourism Management, 32 (2): 394 – 405 \n\nRyan, C. (1991), “Tourism marketing – a symbiotic relationship”, Tourism Management, 12(2), 101-11 \n\nSadeghein, R., Khoshalhan, F. & Homayoun, S. (2012) A Website Evaluation of Travel Agencies in Iran: An adoption level and value creation approach, International Journal of Advanced Information Technology, 2 (6): 1 – 11 \n\nSmith, A. G. (2001) Applying evaluation criteria to New Zealand government Web sites, International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals, 21 (2): 137 – 149\n\nStepchenkova, S. & Zhan, F. (2013) Visual destination images of Peru: Comparative content analysis of DMO and user-generated content, Tourism Management, 36: 590 – 601 \n\nThe World Bank (2013a) World Development Indicators: Education completion and outcomes. Available at: http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.13# \n\nThe World Bank (2013b) Internet users (per 100 people). Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2 \n\nTormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2004). Resistance to persuasion and attitude certainty: the moderating role of elaboration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30 (11): 1446 – 1457 \n\nTransparency International (2013) Corruption by country/territory. Available at: http://www.transparency.org/country\n\nTu, Y. H. (2011) Destination Marketing on the Internet: The Effectiveness of Advanced Website Features, Icograda Journal of Design Research. Available at http://iridescent.icograda.org/database/rte/files/ICO_Iridescent_Tu_opt.pdf\n\nUnited Nations (2013) Human Development Report 2013, United Nations Development Programme, New York, USA\n\nUnited Nations (2013) United Nations Member States. Available at http://www.un.org/en/members/.\n\nVarlow, P. (2008) E-marketing trends and prospects, E-marketing for Tourism Destinations. Budapest: European Travel Commission.\n\nWan, H. A. (2000). Opportunities to enhance a commercial Web site, Information and Management, 38 (1): 15 - 21\n\nWerthner, H., & S. Klein (1999). Information Technology and Tourism. Vienna, Austria: Springer Verlag. \n\nWorld Tourism Organization (2004). Survey of destination management organisations. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization. \n\nWorld Tourism Organization (2013) Tourism Highlight, 2013 Edition. Available at: http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_lr_0.pdf\n\nZhou, Q., DeSantis, R. (2005). Usability issues in city tourism website design: a content analysis. Proceeding of 2005 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference. Available at http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp? arnumber=1494253 (accessed19 August 2009).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
International spread of English Master Program (IMICS)
100461023
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1004610232
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 施琮仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Tsung Jenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 杭愛蓮zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Alena Hausteinovaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 杭愛蓮zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Alena Hausteinovaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jan-2014 14:35:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jan-2014 14:35:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jan-2014 14:35:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1004610232en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=71300-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) International spread of English Master Program (IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100461023zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 此論文目的為旅遊目的地行銷網站，特別是國家觀光局及國家機構的官方網站。除了檢視利用目的地行銷理論文獻檢視行銷成功網站的特點之外，更建立一個比較目的地網站之評估工具。\n此論文更加探索國家旅遊目的地網站及國家發展指標之相互關係，也加以討論相互關係中的因果及提供未來相關研究之建議。\n最後，此論文調查網站上的圖片及製片，研究最常表象出的主題及探討照片主題及網站發展程度和旅遊地點地理位置之相互關係及模式。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis focuses at destination marketing Web sites, specifically Web sites run by official tourism bodies such as tourism boards, national tourism agencies, ministries of tourism etc., and examines what features are important in a successful Web site by combining a number or studies on Web site evaluation and destination marketing theory, thus creating a comprehensive destination marketing Web site evaluation tool. This study also looks at the photograph themes used on the Web sites.\nThe analysis further discovers that there is a strong relationship between the quality of national destination Web sites and the development level of the country. The thesis discusses the possible causality and other influences on these found relationships and offers suggestions for future research in this area. \nFinally, photographs present on the Web sites are examined to find out what themes are most commonly present. The evaluation reveals that there is a clear pattern between the photograph themes and that these findings comply with the post-colonial theory.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Web site evaluation strategy for destination marketing organizations 1\n Chapter organization 3\nLiterature review 5\n Destination and destination marketing organizations 5\n Studies on evaluation of tourism related Web sites 7\n Web site evaluation methods 10\n The role of images and self-presentation in destination marketing 17\n Destination marketing Web sites and country development level 19\nResearch questions 23\nMethodology 25\n Destination marketing Web site sample 25\n Unit of analysis 26\n Operationalization of evaluated variables 27\n Operationalization of predictor and consequence variables 29\n Inter-coder reliability 31\nResults 35\nDiscussion 55\n Limitations 58\n Conclusion 60\nReferences 62zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2171815 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1004610232en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 目的地營銷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旅遊市場營銷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網站評估zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) destination marketingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tourism marketingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tourism photographsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Web site evaluationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) post-colonial theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) country developmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 全球旅行地行銷機構網站評估zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Web site evaluation of national destination marketing organizationsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aaberge, T., Grøtte, I. P., Haugen, O., Skogseid, I. & Ølnes, S. (2004) Evaluation of Tourism Web Sites: A Theoretical Framework, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Conference Proceeding, January 2004\n\nAbeleto A. (2002). Objective Evaluation of Likely Usability Hazards-preliminaries for User Testing. Retrieved from http://abeleto.nl/pdf/objective-evaluation-websites-19990000.pdf \n\nAdventure Travel Trade Association (2013) Adventure Tourism Market Study 2013. Retrieved from http://files.adventuretravel.biz/docs/research/adventure-tourism-market-study-2013-web.pdf\n\nAu Yeung, T. & Law, R. (2006). Evaluation of usability: a study of hotel Web sites in Hong Kong. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30 (4), 1–22.\n\nBabin, L. A. & Burns, A. C. (1997). Effects of print ad pictures and copy containing instructions to imagine on mental imagery that mediates attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 26 (3), 33-44. \n\nBeldona, S. & Cai L. A. (2006). An exploratory evaluation of rural tourism websites. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 8 (1): 69–80. \n\nBigne, J., Sanchez, M., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation \nvariables and after purchase behavior: Inter-relationships. Tourism \nManagement, 22 (6), 607–616.\n\nBuhalis, D. (2000). “Tourism in an Era of Information Technology.” In Tourism in the 21st Century: Lessons from Experience, edited by B. Faulkner, G. Moscardo, and E. Laws. London: Routledge, 163 – 181\n\nBurgess, L., Cooper, J. & Alcock, C. (2001) “The Adoption of The Web as a Marketing Tool by Regional Tourism Associations (RTA"s) in Australia, Proceedings ACIS2001, Coffs Harbour, Australia, December 5 – 7.\n\nCano, V. & Prentice, R. (1998). Opportunities for endearment to place through electronic visiting: www homepages and the tourism promotion of Scotland. Tourism Mangement, 19 (1): 67 – 73\n\nCanton, K. & Santos, C. A. (2008). Closing the hermeneutic circle? Photographic encounters with the other. Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (1): 7 – 26\n\nChiou, W. C., Lin, C. C. & Perng, C. (2010). A strategic framework for Web site evaluation based on a review of the literature from 1995 – 2006, Information Management, 47: 282 – 290\n\nChoi, S., Lehto, X. Y., & Oleary, J. T. (2007). What does the consumer want from a DMO Web site? A study of US and Canadian tourists’ perspectives. International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 59 -72. \n\nCohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20 (1): 37 – 46. \n\nCronin, M. J. (1995). Doing More Business on the Internet: How the Electronic Highway Is Transforming American Companies. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.\n\nDay, J., Skidmore, S. & Koller, T. (2001) Image selection in destination positioning: A new approach, Journal of Vacation marketing, 8 (2): 117 – 186\n\nDominick, J.R. (1999) ‘Who Do You Think You Are? Personal Home Pages and Self- Presentation on the World Wide Web’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76 (4): 646–58.\n\nDoolin, B., Burgess, L. & Cooper, J. (2002). Evaluating the use of the web for tourism marketing: a case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management, 23(5): 557–561. \n\nDou, W., Ren, Y., Wu, S., Chen, Y., Bloyet, D., & Constans, J. M. (2007). Fuzzy kappa for the agreement measure of fuzzy classifications. Neurocomputing, 70 (4-6): 726 – 734. \n\nEschenfelder, K. R., Beachboard, J. C., McClure, C. R. & Wyman, S. K. (1997). Assessing U.S. federal government Web sites, Government Information Quarterly, 14 (2), 173 – 189\n\nEchtner, C. M. & Prasad, P. (2003) The context of third world tourism marketing, Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (3): 660 – 682\n\nEchtner, C. M. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993) The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Travel Research, 31 (4): 3 – 13 \n\nFakeye, P., & Crompton, J. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the lower Rio Grande valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16. \n\nField, J. M., Heim, G. R. & Sinha, K. K.(2004). “Managing Quality in the E-Service System: Development and Application of a Process Model.” Production and Operations Management, 13 (4): 291 – 306\n\nFursich, E. & Robins, M. B. (2002) Africa.com: The Self-representation of Sub-Saharan Nations on the World Wide Web, Critical Studies in Media Communication, 19 (2): 190 – 211\n\nGandhi, L. (1998). Post-colonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. St. Leonards Australia: Allen & Unwin.\n\nGartrell, R. B. (1994). Destination Marketing for Convention and Visitor Bureaus, 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.\n\nGoosens, C. F. (1995). External information search: effects of tour brochures with experiential information. Journal of Travel and Tourim Marketing, 3 (3): 89 – 107\n\n\nGretzel, U., D. R. Fesenmaier, S. Formica, and J. T. O’Leary (2006). “Searching for the Future: Challenges Faced by Destination Marketing Organizations.” Journal of Travel Research, 45 (2): 116–126\n\nGretzel, U. Yuan, Y. & Fesenmeier, D. R. (2000). Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (2): 146 – 56\n\nGupta, H., Jones, E. & Coleman, P. (2004) How Do Welsh Tourism – SME Web site Approach Customer Relationship Management, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2004, Conference Proceeding\n\nHall, C. M. (2000). Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes, Relationships. UK: Prentice Hall. \n\nHan, J.H. & Mills, J.E. (2006). Zero acquaintance bench-marking at travel destination websites: what is the first impression that national tourism organizations try to make?, International Journal of Tourism Research, 8 (6): 405–430. \n\nHashim, N. H., Murphy J., & Law R. (2007). A review of hospitality Web site design frameworks. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (2007), O’Conner, P., Höpken, W., Gretzel, U. (eds). Springer-Verlag: New York, Vienna; 219– 229. \n\nIp, C., Law, R. & Lee, H. (2011) A Review of Website Evaluation Studies in the Tourism and Hospitality Fields from 1996 to 2009, International Journal of Tourism Research, 13: 234 – 265 \n\nKao, Y. F., P. Louvieris, J. Powell-Perry, & D. Buhalis (2005). “E- Satisfaction of NTO’s Web site Case Study: Singapore Tourism Board’s Taiwan Web site.” In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, edited by A. J. Frew. Vienna, Austria: Springer Verlag, pp. 227–237. \n\nKaplanidou, K. & Vogt, C. (2006). A Structural Analysis of Destination Travel Intentions as a Function of Web Site Features, Journal of Travel Research, 45: 204 – 216\n\nKerr, G., Tsoi C. F. & Burgess, L. (2009) Evaluating the Use of the Web for Tourism Marketing in Hong Kong, Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (pp. 1-8). Melbourne, Australia: Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy.\n \nKim, S., & D. R. Fesenmaier (2005). “Persuasive Designs of Tourism Web sites in the United States.” In Proceedings the 36th Annual Conference of Travel Tourism Research Association. Boise, ID: Travel and Tourism Research Association. \n\nKim, S.E., Shaw, T. & Schneider, H. (2003). Web Site Design Benchmarking Within Industry Groups. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 13(1), 17-26. \n\nLaw, R., Qi, S., & Buhalis, D. (2010) Progress in tourism management: a review of Web site evaluation in tourism research. Tourism Management, 31(3): 297–313. \n\nLi, X. & Wang, Y. (2010). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Destination Marketing Organization‘ Web sites: Evidence from China, International Journal of Tourism Research, 12: 536 – 549\n\nLiu, C., Arnett, K. P., & Litecky, C. 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