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題名 人民行動黨在2011年新加坡大選的形象修復個案研究
PAP’s Image Restoration for the 2011 Singapore General Elections: A Case Study
作者 陳清慧
Faith Tan Qing Hui
貢獻者 陳憶寧
Katherine Chen
陳清慧
Faith Tan Qing Hui
關鍵詞 Benoit
形象修復策略
案例分析
危機管理
新加坡
新加坡大選
Benoit
Image Restoration Theory
Case Study
Crisis management
Singapore
Singapore General Election
日期 2012
上傳時間 10-Feb-2014 14:46:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以內容分析法，引用Benoit的形象修復理論，探討人民行動黨在2011年新加坡大選中，面對移民政策、生活成本與住房等三大議題的形象修復策略。
研究結果顯示，因危機事件性質偏向「可預防事件群」，因此人民行動黨使用了大量較順應型的形象修復策略，例如尋求支撐與修正行動。另外，本研究也發現，因新加坡政治環境的獨特性，導致「後悔道歉」和「無力控制」這兩種策略的同時使用，此一現象與Benoit之主張有截然不同的結果。
本研究的結論是， 新加坡獨特的政治環境以及文化，導致Benoit所建議應該少用的一些策略，在這次的大選中反而有了正面的效果。所以，雖然人民行動黨在這次的大選中得到最低一次的得票率，但他們還是順利地在2011年的大選中修復了自己的受損形象。
This study attempts to look at the image restoration efforts of the People’s Action Party (PAP) during the period leading up to the 2011 Singapore General Election (GE).
The PAP has constantly emerged victorious in every Singapore’s GE, however 2011’s fierce fight from the opposition and the numerous unhappy voices from the sea of Singaporeans has made it clear that their once well loved image was surely damaged. According to literature, when an image is damaged, there is a need to them repair this image. The dynamic framework of Benoit’s Image Restoration Theory will thus be used to examine the actions of the PAP in dealing with the attacks and criticism before the election date.
This study content analyzed a five-month period newspaper coverage of the 2011 GE from two major Singapore newspapers, The Straits Times and Channelnewsasia. Results showed the PAP, due to the nature of their err, chose a more accommodative strategy when dealing with the public. On the other hand, due to Singapore’s unique political culture, the results on the use of “mortification” and “defeasibility” has also provided additional input into the current political literature, i.e. these strategies depend on the political culture.
The study concluded that the use image restoration strategies by the PAP though more accommodative in nature did change towards the campaign timeline. Also the political landscape and culture of Singapore made defensive strategies more affective than Benoit would have suggested. Thus the PAP though still securing the lowest vote count in its election history, still manage to save its image and secure a win in the 2011 GE.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
100451026
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1004510261
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳憶寧zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Katherine Chenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳清慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Faith Tan Qing Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳清慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Faith Tan Qing Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 10-Feb-2014 14:46:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 10-Feb-2014 14:46:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-Feb-2014 14:46:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1004510261en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/63635-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100451026zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以內容分析法，引用Benoit的形象修復理論，探討人民行動黨在2011年新加坡大選中，面對移民政策、生活成本與住房等三大議題的形象修復策略。
研究結果顯示，因危機事件性質偏向「可預防事件群」，因此人民行動黨使用了大量較順應型的形象修復策略，例如尋求支撐與修正行動。另外，本研究也發現，因新加坡政治環境的獨特性，導致「後悔道歉」和「無力控制」這兩種策略的同時使用，此一現象與Benoit之主張有截然不同的結果。
本研究的結論是， 新加坡獨特的政治環境以及文化，導致Benoit所建議應該少用的一些策略，在這次的大選中反而有了正面的效果。所以，雖然人民行動黨在這次的大選中得到最低一次的得票率，但他們還是順利地在2011年的大選中修復了自己的受損形象。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study attempts to look at the image restoration efforts of the People’s Action Party (PAP) during the period leading up to the 2011 Singapore General Election (GE).
The PAP has constantly emerged victorious in every Singapore’s GE, however 2011’s fierce fight from the opposition and the numerous unhappy voices from the sea of Singaporeans has made it clear that their once well loved image was surely damaged. According to literature, when an image is damaged, there is a need to them repair this image. The dynamic framework of Benoit’s Image Restoration Theory will thus be used to examine the actions of the PAP in dealing with the attacks and criticism before the election date.
This study content analyzed a five-month period newspaper coverage of the 2011 GE from two major Singapore newspapers, The Straits Times and Channelnewsasia. Results showed the PAP, due to the nature of their err, chose a more accommodative strategy when dealing with the public. On the other hand, due to Singapore’s unique political culture, the results on the use of “mortification” and “defeasibility” has also provided additional input into the current political literature, i.e. these strategies depend on the political culture.
The study concluded that the use image restoration strategies by the PAP though more accommodative in nature did change towards the campaign timeline. Also the political landscape and culture of Singapore made defensive strategies more affective than Benoit would have suggested. Thus the PAP though still securing the lowest vote count in its election history, still manage to save its image and secure a win in the 2011 GE.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents List of Tables and Figures 6
Chapter 1: Introduction 8
1.1 Research Objectives and Research problem 8
1.2 Background General Elections 11
Nomination Day 11
Campaigning 12
1.3 PAP election history from 1968 to 2006 13
1.4 2011 Singapore General Elections 18
PAP’s crisis – unhappiness of Singaporeans towards the PAP 18
Chapter 2: Literature and Research Question 24
2.1 Crisis management 24
Defining Crisis Type 26
2.2 Communication during a political campaign 28
Stages in an election campaign 28
Political party image 30
2.3 William L. Benoit Image Restoration Theory 31
Denial 35
Evading Responsibility 36
Reducing offensiveness 37
Corrective Action 41
Mortification 42
2.4 Field of research in Benoit’s Image Restoration Theory 43
2.5 Crisis type and image restoration strategy 46
2.6 Research Question formulation 51
Chapter 3: Methodology 52
3.1 Sampling 52
3.2 Data Collection 54
3.3 Operationalization 54
3.4 Coders reliability and validity 57
Chapter 4: Results 60
4.1 Descriptive Statistics 60
4.2 Answering the research Question 65
RQ: 1 What response strategy were used by the PAP during the period leading up to the GE? 65
RQ: 2 What was the most commonly used strategy? 66
RQ: 3.1 Did the PAP choose a more accommodative strategy in dealing with the issues? 66
RQ: 3.2 What strategy/ies was/were used in regards to the immigration policy? 67
RQ: 3.3 What strategy/ies was/were used in regards to the high cost of living? 71
RQ: 3.4 What strategy/ies was/were used in regards to the issue of housing 75
RQ: 4 Did the campaign timeline affect the choice of strategy used? 78
Chapter 5: Discussion 85
5.1 Discussion 85
Looking at Benoit’s Image Restoration Theory as a whole. 96
Future Implications for the PAP 96
Contribution to the current political field of Public Relations 98
5.2 Conclusion 101
5.3 Future studies 101
5.4 Limit of studies 101
References 103
Appendixes 110
Appendix A: Codebook 111
Appendix B: Code sheet 127
Appendix C: Intercoder reliability test scores 120		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1694288 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1004510261en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Benoitzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 形象修復策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 案例分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 危機管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新加坡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新加坡大選zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Benoiten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Image Restoration Theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Case Studyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Crisis managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Singaporeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Singapore General Electionen_US
dc.title (題名) 人民行動黨在2011年新加坡大選的形象修復個案研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) PAP’s Image Restoration for the 2011 Singapore General Elections: A Case Studyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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