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題名 社群網路上的城市情感聚合表現與觀察
Observation about World Cities’ Emotions with Online Social Communities作者 張伸吉
Chang, Shen Chi貢獻者 劉吉軒
Liu, Jyi Shane
張伸吉
Chang, Shen Chi關鍵詞 城市
情緒
情感
社群網站
標籤
顯著標籤
City
Emotion
Social Community
Tags
Significant Tags
Images and Emotions日期 2013 上傳時間 10-Feb-2014 14:56:18 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著社群網站的大量崛起，人們在網路上的行為從早期的單方面獲得資訊，慢慢轉變到與他人的網頁互動，以至於到最近的發展成社群（Community）關係。網路使用者對虛擬社群的好奇，導致了相關社群網站的蓬勃發展。近年來對於社群網路的研究日漸興盛，各個研究領域都分別以其擅長的角度嘗試切入，想了解為何社群網路如此快速的崛起、社群網路形成的各種架構或是社群網路上的大量資料呈現的資訊以及其分析等等。社群網站滿足了人們期待與其他人產生互動、情感維繫以及得到更多資訊的需要，提供了一個虛擬空間，讓關心相同主題的使用者群聚在一起並且分享資訊。無論是想與他人互動，或是情感維繫以及渴望得到資訊，這些動機皆與人的情感表現息息相關，本研究即是採用情感的角度，來觀察社群中的特定行動者與其網路。 有關世界城市網路的研究目前並不多見，本研究嘗試以城市為社會網路中的行動者角色，研究一個由網路相片分享構築成的特殊社群網站Flickr。利用相片可忠實呈現拍攝者與被拍攝者情感的特性，以「城市」與「情感」兩大基礎來觀察此社群，嘗試構築出一個有關世界城市情感面向的網路關係。根據本研究目的，我們將建立「城市－情感共現網路」，來發掘世界主要城市之間隱含的連結與關係，或是其隱藏的情感表現。
Along with considerable growth of social network websites, people’s actions on internet changed slowly from acquiring information to exchanging information and interacting with other people via web pages, and eventually this change has created a so-called “community relationship” on line. This blossom of relevant social network websites resulted from internet users’ curiosity about the invented virtual community. Numerous researchers in each relevant field have donated themselves into analysis and researches aiming to understand the reasons why all kinds of community websites have been created so quickly, how these communities have been structured, how the information and data underlying these websites have been presented and analyzed.The goal of this paper is to dig out links and relations between big cities worldwide and human emotions in these cities via community websites. We tried to analyze a unique community website “Flickr” that functions on the base of uploading pictures only. We categorized the pictures on Flickr on two pillar axes, “Region” and “Emotion”, as the emotions of photo shooters and personages have been detailed and recorded by these pictures. By the above categories, We drew a map of emotions in cities that will reveal a 2-mode network of emotions and cities.參考文獻 Alder, R. P., & Christopher, A. J. (1998). Internet community primer overview and business opportunities. Retrived October 4, 2013 from http://www.digiplaces.comAnthony, A., desJardins, M., & Lombardi, M. (2009). Measuring General Relational Structure Using the Block Modularity Clustering Objective , Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International FLAIRS Conference. Florida.Anthony, A., desJardins M., & Biesan S. (2012). Block Modeling in Large Social Networks with Many Clusters, AAAI Technical Report FS-12-08 Social Networks and Social ContagionArmstrong, A. G., & Hagel III, J. (1997). Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities, McKinsey & Company.Bolls, P. D.(2010). Understanding Emotion from a Superordinate Dimensional Perspective: A Productive Way Forward for Communication Processes and Effects Studies. Communication Monographs, 77（2）, 146-152. doi: 10.1080/03637751003790477. Borgatti, S. P. (1988). A comment on Doreian’s regular equivalence in symmetric structures. Social Networks, 10, 265-271. doi: 10.1016/0378-8733(88)90016-0Borgatti, S.P., & Everett, M.G. (1999). Models of core/periphery structures. Unpublished manuscript submitted to Social NetworksBrass, D. J. (1995). A social network perspective on human resources management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 13, 39-79Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Carpenter, P. (2000). E-Brands-Building on Internet Business at Breakneck Speed. Bosten, MA: Harvard Business School Press.Degenne, A., & Forse, M. (1999). Introducing social network. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Derudder, B., & Taylor, P. (2005). The cliquishness of world cities. Global Networks 5, 1 71–91. ISSN 1470–2266 © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd & Global Networks PartnershipDetenber, B.H. (1994). The effects of motion and image size on affective responses to and memory for pictures, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, Department of Communication.Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion. University of California, San Francisco, USA.Everett, M. G., & Borgatti, S. P. (1999). The centrality of groups and classes. Journal of Mathematical Sociology. 23(3): 181-201.Figallo, C. (1998). Hosting Web communities: Building relationships, increasing customer loyalty, and maintaining a competitive edge. Mill Valley, California. Wiley.Fox, E. (2008). Emotion Science: An Integration of Cognitive and Neuroscientific Approaches. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.Freeman, L. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1, 215-239. doi: 10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7Friedman, T. (2005). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Minnesota: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Furner, J. (2007). User tagging of library resources: toward a framework for system evaluation. In: Proceedings of World Library and Information Congress: 73th IFLA General Conference and Council, pp.1-10. Durban, South Africa: IFLA. Retrieved December 10, 2013, from http://archive.ifla.org/ Goleman, D. (1995). The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace. New York. Jossey-Bass.Hadley, C., & MacKay, D. (2006). Does emotion help or hinder immediate memory? Arousal versus priority-binding mechanisms. Learning, Memory, 32（1）, 79-88. Lang, A., Dhillon, K., & Dong, Q. (1995). The effects of emotional arousal and valence on television viewer`s cognitive capacity and memory, Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, Vol. 39, no. 3, pp.313-327Lazarus. (1999). Stress and Emotion: A New Synthesis, London: Free Association Book.Lerner, J.S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice, Cognition and Emotion, Vol. 14, no. 4, pp.473-493.Norman, D.A. (2002). Emotion and design: Attractive things work better, ACM Interactions, Vol. 9, no. 4, pp.36-42, 2002.Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, vol. 17, no. 03, pp. 715-734.Power, M., & Dalgleish, T. (1997). Cognition and emotion. From order to disorder. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.Preece, J. (2000). Online Communities: Designing Usability, Supporting Sociability, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Preece, J. (2001). Sociability and usability in online communities: determining and measuring success, Behavior and Information Technology 20 (5), 247-256.Rheingole, H. (2000). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , The MIT Press.Robert, A., Hanneman, & Riddle, M. Introduction to Social Network Methods Chapter 17. Two-mode networks . Retrieved December 2, 2013, from http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/nettext/C17_Two_mode.html#qual Russell, J.A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6)：1161-1178. National Chengchi UniversityScott, J. (2000). Social Network Analysis: A Handbook, New York: SAGE.Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., & Kirson, D. (1987). Emotion knowledge： Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 52(6), 1061-1086.Small, H., & Sweeny, E. (1985). Clustering the science citation index using co-citations. Scientometrics, 7(3-6), 391-409, doi: 10.1007/BF02017157Sole, R.V., & Ferrer i Cancho, R. (2001). The small world of human language, Proceedings of The Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences. Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The panas scales, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol .54, no. 6, pp.1063-1070.White, H. C., Boorman,S. A., & Breiger, R. L. (1976). Social Structure From Multiple Networks I. American Journal of Sociology81:730-780.王孟邦（民100）。虛擬社群管理、社群績效、與獲利模式關係之探討。國立政治大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。洪嘉培、袁心玫（民90）。虛擬社群經營模式之探討－以優仕網為例網路與虛擬社群。傳播與管理研究，卷期：1卷1期。余詠南、阮明淑（民102）。傳播學門之教師與碩士研究主題之網絡分析初探。圖書資訊學刊第11卷第1期，頁131-165。吳建良（民96）。以情緒詞為基礎之情境資訊連結與觀察。國立政治大學理學院資訊科學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。柯逸凌（民102）。以網路書櫃資料建構讀者閱讀偏好多樣性之指標研究。國立台灣大學文學院圖書資訊學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。周冠中、郭美懿（民99）。E-Business時代風潮。台北市：博碩。張瑞麟（民101）。虛擬社群強化社群成員歸屬感之研究。國立雲林科技大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。黃莉雯（民96）。虛擬社群網站品牌建立與網站品牌權益評估 。國立政治大學商學院企業管理學系系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。曾俊豪（民94）。空間能力、視角以及情緒因素對3D電腦遊戲玩家於尋路行為中認知資源分配之影響。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。彭聲揚（民100）。透過情緒標籤觀察情緒字詞與事務概念之關聯。國立政治大學理學院資訊科學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。榮泰生（民102）。UCINET在社會網絡分析（SNA）之應用。台北市：五南。劉軍（民95）。法村社會支持網路的整體結構研究塊模型及其應用。社會2006．3 Society第26卷，69-80頁。情緒表達（民85）。台北市：KingNet 國家網路醫院。民102年10月26日，取自http://hospital.kingnet.com.tw/heartsustain/c-5.html. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
98971008
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098971008 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 劉吉軒 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Jyi Shane en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張伸吉 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Shen Chi en_US dc.creator (作者) 張伸吉 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chang, Shen Chi en_US dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 10-Feb-2014 14:56:18 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 10-Feb-2014 14:56:18 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-Feb-2014 14:56:18 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098971008 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/63707 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98971008 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著社群網站的大量崛起，人們在網路上的行為從早期的單方面獲得資訊，慢慢轉變到與他人的網頁互動，以至於到最近的發展成社群（Community）關係。網路使用者對虛擬社群的好奇，導致了相關社群網站的蓬勃發展。近年來對於社群網路的研究日漸興盛，各個研究領域都分別以其擅長的角度嘗試切入，想了解為何社群網路如此快速的崛起、社群網路形成的各種架構或是社群網路上的大量資料呈現的資訊以及其分析等等。社群網站滿足了人們期待與其他人產生互動、情感維繫以及得到更多資訊的需要，提供了一個虛擬空間，讓關心相同主題的使用者群聚在一起並且分享資訊。無論是想與他人互動，或是情感維繫以及渴望得到資訊，這些動機皆與人的情感表現息息相關，本研究即是採用情感的角度，來觀察社群中的特定行動者與其網路。 有關世界城市網路的研究目前並不多見，本研究嘗試以城市為社會網路中的行動者角色，研究一個由網路相片分享構築成的特殊社群網站Flickr。利用相片可忠實呈現拍攝者與被拍攝者情感的特性，以「城市」與「情感」兩大基礎來觀察此社群，嘗試構築出一個有關世界城市情感面向的網路關係。根據本研究目的，我們將建立「城市－情感共現網路」，來發掘世界主要城市之間隱含的連結與關係，或是其隱藏的情感表現。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Along with considerable growth of social network websites, people’s actions on internet changed slowly from acquiring information to exchanging information and interacting with other people via web pages, and eventually this change has created a so-called “community relationship” on line. This blossom of relevant social network websites resulted from internet users’ curiosity about the invented virtual community. Numerous researchers in each relevant field have donated themselves into analysis and researches aiming to understand the reasons why all kinds of community websites have been created so quickly, how these communities have been structured, how the information and data underlying these websites have been presented and analyzed.The goal of this paper is to dig out links and relations between big cities worldwide and human emotions in these cities via community websites. We tried to analyze a unique community website “Flickr” that functions on the base of uploading pictures only. We categorized the pictures on Flickr on two pillar axes, “Region” and “Emotion”, as the emotions of photo shooters and personages have been detailed and recorded by these pictures. By the above categories, We drew a map of emotions in cities that will reveal a 2-mode network of emotions and cities. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 - 1 -1.1研究動機 - 1 -1.2社群網路與城市 - 2 -1.2社群網路與情緒 - 3 -1.4研究目的 - 4 -1.5研究方法 - 4 -1.6研究貢獻 - 5 -第二章 文獻探討 - 7 -2.1虛擬社群 - 7 -2.1.1虛擬社群的類別 - 8 -2.1.2虛擬社群的需求 - 11 -2.2 情緒 - 12 -2.2.1情緒的分類 - 13 -2.2.2情緒的喚起 - 16 -2.3 社會網路與圖形結構 - 18 -2.3.1圖形結構與相鄰矩陣 - 18 -2.3.2共現網路與矩陣 - 19 -2.4 中心性與塊模型分析 - 20 -2.4.1中心性量化分析 - 21 -2.4.2塊模型分析 - 21 -第三章 研究方法 - 24 -3.1 研究架構 - 24 -3.2 研究對象與範圍選定 - 26 -3.2.1為何是Flickr？ - 26 -3.2.2城市標籤的挑選 - 28 -3.2.3情緒標籤的選取 - 32 -3.3顯著標籤的產生 - 34 -3.3.1 目標照片集與標籤資訊 - 35 -3.3.2標籤資訊的處理 - 37 -3.3.3四象限的顯著標籤候補 - 40 -3.4共現網路的建立 - 42 -3.4.1標籤共現的定義 - 43 -3.4.2 共現矩陣的建立 - 44 -3.5塊模型（Block Modeling）分析 - 44 -第四章 實驗過程與結果分析 - 46 -4.1「城市－情感顯著」的二維模型資料 - 46 -4.1.1顯著標籤共現維度的資料 - 47 -4.1.2矩陣資料的轉換 - 49 -4.2矩陣的中心性分析 - 52 -4.2.1二維矩陣的中心性分析（第一象限） - 52 -4.2.2二維矩陣的中心性分析（第三象限） - 54 -4.2.3二維矩陣的中心性分析（第二、四象限） - 55 -4.2.4中心性分析小結與GNC的比較 - 56 -4.3塊模型分析操作 - 58 -4.3.1第一象限塊模型 - 58 -4.3.2第二象限塊模型 - 62 -4.3.3第三象限塊模型 - 63 -4.3.4第四象限塊模型 - 65 -4.3.5塊模型分析小結 - 66 -4.4 總結 - 67 -第五章 結論與未來方向 - 69 -5.1結論 - 69 -5.2未來研究建議 - 70 -參考文獻 - 72 - zh_TW dc.format.extent 3303906 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098971008 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 城市 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情感 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社群網站 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 標籤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 顯著標籤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) City en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emotion en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social Community en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tags en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Significant Tags en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Images and Emotions en_US dc.title (題名) 社群網路上的城市情感聚合表現與觀察 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Observation about World Cities’ Emotions with Online Social Communities en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alder, R. P., & Christopher, A. J. (1998). Internet community primer overview and business opportunities. Retrived October 4, 2013 from http://www.digiplaces.comAnthony, A., desJardins, M., & Lombardi, M. (2009). Measuring General Relational Structure Using the Block Modularity Clustering Objective , Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International FLAIRS Conference. Florida.Anthony, A., desJardins M., & Biesan S. (2012). Block Modeling in Large Social Networks with Many Clusters, AAAI Technical Report FS-12-08 Social Networks and Social ContagionArmstrong, A. G., & Hagel III, J. (1997). Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities, McKinsey & Company.Bolls, P. D.(2010). Understanding Emotion from a Superordinate Dimensional Perspective: A Productive Way Forward for Communication Processes and Effects Studies. Communication Monographs, 77（2）, 146-152. doi: 10.1080/03637751003790477. Borgatti, S. P. (1988). A comment on Doreian’s regular equivalence in symmetric structures. Social Networks, 10, 265-271. doi: 10.1016/0378-8733(88)90016-0Borgatti, S.P., & Everett, M.G. (1999). Models of core/periphery structures. Unpublished manuscript submitted to Social NetworksBrass, D. J. (1995). A social network perspective on human resources management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 13, 39-79Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Carpenter, P. (2000). E-Brands-Building on Internet Business at Breakneck Speed. Bosten, MA: Harvard Business School Press.Degenne, A., & Forse, M. (1999). Introducing social network. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Derudder, B., & Taylor, P. (2005). The cliquishness of world cities. Global Networks 5, 1 71–91. ISSN 1470–2266 © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd & Global Networks PartnershipDetenber, B.H. (1994). The effects of motion and image size on affective responses to and memory for pictures, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, Department of Communication.Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion. University of California, San Francisco, USA.Everett, M. G., & Borgatti, S. P. (1999). The centrality of groups and classes. Journal of Mathematical Sociology. 23(3): 181-201.Figallo, C. (1998). Hosting Web communities: Building relationships, increasing customer loyalty, and maintaining a competitive edge. Mill Valley, California. Wiley.Fox, E. (2008). Emotion Science: An Integration of Cognitive and Neuroscientific Approaches. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.Freeman, L. (1979). Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1, 215-239. doi: 10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7Friedman, T. (2005). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Minnesota: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Furner, J. (2007). 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