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題名 俄羅斯黑海政策之發展-從彼得大帝至凱薩琳大帝
Development of Russian Black Sea`s Policy- from Peter the Great to Catherine the Great
作者 林姝萍
Lin, Shu Ping
貢獻者 趙竹成
Zhao, Zhu Cheng
林姝萍
Lin, Shu Ping
關鍵詞 俄羅斯
黑海
日期 2008
上傳時間 10-Feb-2014 15:06:13 (UTC+8)
摘要 黑海在斯拉夫人早期歷史中即已扮演重要的通商角色,當時的北歐諾曼人順著大水道從北方的波羅的海沿岸,沿著拉多加湖、伊爾門湖到達黑海北岸,最後經過黑海抵達拜占庭以進行貿易;在往後歷史的演變中,黑海亦在地緣政治上轉變為眾勢力爭奪之兵家之地。
     故本文即主要就彼得大帝及凱薩琳大帝之對黑海政策作一有系統之整理及比較,以歷史為背景並輔以若干國際關係理論來探討俄國朝向黑海擴張的問題,並藉由諸多史料分析歸納出究竟俄羅斯向南方黑海地區擴張之理由,係經濟因素、宗教因素、文化因素還是戰略考量。最後,本論文將嘗試從當代國際關係之理論出發、分析俄羅斯之行為,並試著能為其在黑海之對外擴張找出適當之解釋。
參考文獻 一、中文
     (一)專書
     B.B.馬夫羅金著,余大鈞譯,《彼得大帝傳》,(北京:北京商務印書館,2000)。
     Joshua S. Goldstein, Jon C. Pevehouse著,歐信宏、胡祖慶譯,《國際關係》,(臺北:雙葉出版社,民國96年)。
     R. R. Palmer主編,王曾才編譯,《西洋歷史地圖》,(臺北:九思出版社,民國66年)。
     丘宏達,《現代國際法》,(臺北:三民書局,民國95年修訂二版)。
     安德烈.瑟利耶、讓.瑟利耶著,王又新譯,《中歐人文圖誌》,(北京:中國人民大學出版社,2008)。
     朱浤源主編,《撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊》,(臺北︰正中書局,民國88年)。
     李邁先,《俄國史》(上卷),(臺北:國立編譯館,民國58年)。
     屈勒味林著,錢段森譯,《英國史》(中冊),(臺北:台灣商務印書館,民國74年)。
     查爾斯.金德爾伯格著,高祖貴譯,《世界經濟霸權1500-1990》,(北京:北京商務印書局,2003)。
     約翰.米爾斯海默(John J. Mearsheimer)著,王義桅、唐小松譯,《大國政治的悲劇》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2003)。
     格勞秀斯著,馬忠法譯,張乃根挍,《論海洋自由或荷蘭參與東印度貿易的權利》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2005)。
     馬漢著,楊鎮甲譯,《海軍戰略論》,(臺北:中華文化出版事業委員會,民國45年)。
     高西可夫著,朱成祥譯,《國家海權論》,(臺北:黎明文化事業公司,民國74年)。
     張芝聯、劉學榮主編,《世界歷史地圖集》,(北京:中國地圖出版社,2001)。
     張錫謨,《聖戰與文明:伊斯蘭與世界政治首部曲(610AD.~1914AD.)》,(臺北:玉山社,民國92年)。
     張麟徵,《近代國際關係史》,(臺北:智揚文化,民國91年)。
     費爾南‧布勞岱爾著,曾培耿、唐家龍譯,吳模信校,《地中海史》,(臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國91年)。
     賀允宜,《俄國史》,(臺北:三民書局,民國93年4月初版一刷)。
     葉至誠、葉立誠,《研究方法與論文寫作》,(臺北:商鼎文化出版社,民國88年)。
     鄒豹君,《歐洲地理》,(臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國80年)。
     蔡東杰等翻譯,《新世紀全球百科全書》,(臺北:貓頭鷹出版社,民國90年)。
     羅伯特.基歐漢著,蘇長和等譯,《霸權之後:世界政治經濟中的合作與紛爭》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2006)。
     
     (二)期刊
     王元綱,〈樂觀的現實主義:國際關係守勢現實主義之評析〉,《國際關係學報》,第十八期,民國九十二年十二月,頁41~58。
     莫大華,〈論國際關係理論中的建構主義〉,《問題與研究》,第38卷第9期,民國88年9月,頁93~109。
     莫大華,〈國際關係理論大辯論研究的評析〉,《問題與研究》,第39卷第12期,民國89年12月,頁65~90。
     陳東,〈試析塑造俄國女皇葉卡特琳娜二世的歷史因素〉,《四川教育學院學報》,第二十三卷第三期,2007年3月,頁41~44。
     嚴梵蘭,〈試析十九世紀英俄爭奪黑海海峽的原因-讀恩格斯《在土耳其的真正爭論點》〉,《安順師範高等專科學校學報》,第八卷第四期,2006年12月,頁55~57。
     
     二、英文
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     Alexander, John T.. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. (New York: Oxford Univer-sity Press, 1989.)
     Anderson, M. S.. Europe in the Eighteenth Century: 1713-1783, Third Edition. (London: Longman, 1987.)
     Anderson, M. S.. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923. (New York: St. Martin`s P., 1966.)
     Charques, R. D.. A Short History of Russia. (London: Phoenix House Ltd, 1956.)
     Chew, Allen F.. An Atlas of Russian History. (London: Yale University Press, 1970.)
     Daudin G.& K. O. O’Rourke& Leandro Prados de la Escosura. Trade and Empire, 1700-1870. (Paris: OFCE, 2008.)
     Dearborn, Henry A. S.. Charts to Illustrate a Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, and the Trade and Maritime Geography of Turkey and Egypt. (Bos-ton: Wells and Lilly, 1819.)
     Eton, William. Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea. (London: Luke Hansard, 1805.)
     Florinsky, Mchael T.. Russia: A History and an Interpretation. (New York: Macmillan, 1969.)
     Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.)
     Griffiths, Martin and O’Callaghan, Terry. International Relations: The Key Concepts. (New York: Routledge, 2002.)
     Harcave, Sidney. Russia: A History, 15th ed.. (Philadelphia : Lippincott, 1964.)
     Hupchick, Dennis P. and Cox, Harold E.. A Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe. (Hampshire: Macmillan Press LTD, 1996.)
     Kirchner, Walther. A History of Russia, 4th Ed.. (New York: Barnes& Noble, Inc., 1966.)
     Lee, Stephen J.. Peter the Great. (London: Routledge, 1993.)
     Massie, Robert K.. Peter the Great, His Life and World. (New York: Knopf, 1980.)
     Morgenthau, Hans J.. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. (New York: Knopf, 1978.)
     Pares, Bernard. A History of Russia. (New York: Knopf, 1968.)
     Pitcher, Donald Edgar. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire. (Leiden: Brill, 1972.)
     Riasanovsky, Nicholas V.. A History of Russia, 6th ed.. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.)
     Roolvink, R.. Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.)
     Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire, 1801-1917. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.)
     Stevens, Robert. An account of Odessa: with some reflections, showing the benefits of the trade of the Black Sea to the United States of America, and the advantages of a commercial treaty with Turkey. (Newport: Printed by William Simons, 1819.)
     Sumner, B. H.. Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia. (New York: Collier Books, 1962.)
     University of London. A Geographical, Statistical and Commercial Account of the Rus-sian Ports of the Black Sea, the Sea of Asoph and the Danube. (London: the Wor-shipful Company of Goldsmiths, 1907.)
     Vernadsky, George. A History of Russia, 6th rev. ed.. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.)
     Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. (New York: Random House, 1979.)
     Wilkinson ,Charles. An Account of the Navigation and Commerce of the Black Sea. (London: W. Wilson, 1807.)
     Wilson, Francesca. MUSCOVY Russia Through Foreign Eyes 1553~1900. (London: Al-len & Unwin, 1970.)
     
     (二)期刊
     Abou-el-Haj, Riffat A.. “The Formal Closure of the Ottoman in Europe: 1699-1703,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 89, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep., 1969), pp. 467~475.
     Anderson, M. S.. “Great Britain and the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774,” The Eng-lish Historical Review, Vol. 69, No. 270 (Jan., 1954), pp. 39~58.
     Davison, Roderic H. “Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility: The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji Reconsidered,” Slavic Review, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep., 1976), pp. 463~483.
     Duran, James A.. “Catherine II, Potemkin, and the Colonization Policy in Southern Russia,” Russian Review, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1969), pp. 23~36.
     Fisher, Alan W.. “Enlightened Despotism and Islam Under Catherine II,” Slavic Re-view, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Dec., 1968), pp. 542~553.
     Griffiths, David M.. “Nikita Panin, Russian Diplomacy, and the American Revolu-tion,” Slavic Review, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), pp. 1~24.
     Halecki, O.. “Imperialism in Slavic and East European History,” American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Feb., 1952), pp. 1~26.
     Haskins, John F. “Sarmatian Gold Collected by Peter the Great: - VII; The Demidov Gift and Conclusions,” Artibus Asiae, Vol. 22, No. 1∕2, 1959, pp. 64~67, 69~78.
     Khodarkovsky, Michael. “Of Christianity, Enlightenment, and Colonialism: Russia in the North Caucasus, 1550-1800,” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), pp. 394~430.
     Lehovich, Dimitry V.. “The Testament of Peter the Great,” American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 7, No, 2 (Apr., 1948), pp. 111~124.
     Moon, David. “Peasant Migration and the Settlement of Russia’s Frontiers, 1550~1897,” The Historical Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Dec., 1997), pp. 859~893.
     Naff, Thomas. “Reform and the Conduct of Ottoman Diplomacy in the Reign of Selim III, 1789-1807,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, No. 3 (Aug.-Sep., 1963), pp. 295~315.
     O’Brien, Bickford. “Russia and Turkey, 1677~1681: The Treaty of Bakhchisarai,” Russian Review, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct., 1953), pp. 259~268.
     Pritsak, Omeljan. “Moscow, the Golden Horde, and the Kazan Khanate from a Poly-cultural Point of View,” Slavic Review, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1967), pp.577~583.
     Prousis, Theophilus C.& Demetrios S. Inglezes. “Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa,” Slavic Review, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Autumn, 1991), pp. 672~679.
     Resis, Albert “Russophobia and the “Testament” of Peter the Great, 1812~1980,” Slavic Review, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Winter, 1985), pp. 681~693.
     Rudnytsky, Ivan L.. “A Study of Cossack History,” Slavic Review, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Dec., 1972), pp. 870~875.
     Rywkin, Michael. “Russian Colonial Expansion before Ivan the Dread: A Survey of Basic Trends,” Russian Review, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1973), pp. 286~293.
     Schonle, Andreas. “Garden of the Empire: Catherine’s Appropriation of the Cri-mea,” Slavic Review, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Spring, 2001), pp. 1~23.
     Wendt, Alexander. “Anarchy is What States Make of it: the Social Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 391~425.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
96263005
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096263005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 趙竹成zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Zhao, Zhu Chengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林姝萍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Shu Pingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林姝萍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Shu Pingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 10-Feb-2014 15:06:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 10-Feb-2014 15:06:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-Feb-2014 15:06:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096263005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/63754-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96263005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 黑海在斯拉夫人早期歷史中即已扮演重要的通商角色,當時的北歐諾曼人順著大水道從北方的波羅的海沿岸,沿著拉多加湖、伊爾門湖到達黑海北岸,最後經過黑海抵達拜占庭以進行貿易;在往後歷史的演變中,黑海亦在地緣政治上轉變為眾勢力爭奪之兵家之地。
     故本文即主要就彼得大帝及凱薩琳大帝之對黑海政策作一有系統之整理及比較,以歷史為背景並輔以若干國際關係理論來探討俄國朝向黑海擴張的問題,並藉由諸多史料分析歸納出究竟俄羅斯向南方黑海地區擴張之理由,係經濟因素、宗教因素、文化因素還是戰略考量。最後,本論文將嘗試從當代國際關係之理論出發、分析俄羅斯之行為,並試著能為其在黑海之對外擴張找出適當之解釋。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 研究途徑與方法 3
     第三節 研究範圍與架構 8
     第四節 環繞本主題之相關文獻探討 9
     第二章 彼得大帝以前的黑海 22
     第一節 黑海地理位置特點及其政治從屬簡史 22
     第二節 基輔羅斯與黑海之連接 26
     第三節 俄羅斯與土耳其帝國在黑海問題上的競爭 30
     第四節 小結 33
     第三章 彼得大帝之黑海政策 34
     第一節 彼得大帝之海權概念及擴展之原因 34
     第二節 彼得海權思想的啟蒙-日耳曼村成長環境的影響 35
     第三節 彼得大帝時期與歐洲之經貿往來 38
     第四節 最初之實踐,遠征亞速(1795~1796) 42
     第五節 出訪西方尋求反土聯盟及巴爾幹計畫 49
     第六節 小結–彼得大帝向黑海擴張政策分析 58
     第四章 凱薩琳大帝之黑海政策 60
     第一節 凱薩琳即位前之黑海情勢 60
     第二節 第一次俄土戰爭(1768~1774) 68
     第三節 第二次俄土戰爭(1787~1792) 87
     第四節 小結–凱薩琳大帝向黑海擴張政策分析 92
     第五章 以國際關係理論為出發點,重新檢視行為 101
     第一節 權力平衡理論 101
     第二節 霸權概念研究途徑 106
     第三節 現實主義 109
     第四節 建構主義 110
     第五節 總結 112
     參考書目 114
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096263005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 黑海zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 俄羅斯黑海政策之發展-從彼得大帝至凱薩琳大帝zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Development of Russian Black Sea`s Policy- from Peter the Great to Catherine the Greaten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文
     (一)專書
     B.B.馬夫羅金著,余大鈞譯,《彼得大帝傳》,(北京:北京商務印書館,2000)。
     Joshua S. Goldstein, Jon C. Pevehouse著,歐信宏、胡祖慶譯,《國際關係》,(臺北:雙葉出版社,民國96年)。
     R. R. Palmer主編,王曾才編譯,《西洋歷史地圖》,(臺北:九思出版社,民國66年)。
     丘宏達,《現代國際法》,(臺北:三民書局,民國95年修訂二版)。
     安德烈.瑟利耶、讓.瑟利耶著,王又新譯,《中歐人文圖誌》,(北京:中國人民大學出版社,2008)。
     朱浤源主編,《撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊》,(臺北︰正中書局,民國88年)。
     李邁先,《俄國史》(上卷),(臺北:國立編譯館,民國58年)。
     屈勒味林著,錢段森譯,《英國史》(中冊),(臺北:台灣商務印書館,民國74年)。
     查爾斯.金德爾伯格著,高祖貴譯,《世界經濟霸權1500-1990》,(北京:北京商務印書局,2003)。
     約翰.米爾斯海默(John J. Mearsheimer)著,王義桅、唐小松譯,《大國政治的悲劇》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2003)。
     格勞秀斯著,馬忠法譯,張乃根挍,《論海洋自由或荷蘭參與東印度貿易的權利》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2005)。
     馬漢著,楊鎮甲譯,《海軍戰略論》,(臺北:中華文化出版事業委員會,民國45年)。
     高西可夫著,朱成祥譯,《國家海權論》,(臺北:黎明文化事業公司,民國74年)。
     張芝聯、劉學榮主編,《世界歷史地圖集》,(北京:中國地圖出版社,2001)。
     張錫謨,《聖戰與文明:伊斯蘭與世界政治首部曲(610AD.~1914AD.)》,(臺北:玉山社,民國92年)。
     張麟徵,《近代國際關係史》,(臺北:智揚文化,民國91年)。
     費爾南‧布勞岱爾著,曾培耿、唐家龍譯,吳模信校,《地中海史》,(臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國91年)。
     賀允宜,《俄國史》,(臺北:三民書局,民國93年4月初版一刷)。
     葉至誠、葉立誠,《研究方法與論文寫作》,(臺北:商鼎文化出版社,民國88年)。
     鄒豹君,《歐洲地理》,(臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國80年)。
     蔡東杰等翻譯,《新世紀全球百科全書》,(臺北:貓頭鷹出版社,民國90年)。
     羅伯特.基歐漢著,蘇長和等譯,《霸權之後:世界政治經濟中的合作與紛爭》,(上海:上海人民出版社,2006)。
     
     (二)期刊
     王元綱,〈樂觀的現實主義:國際關係守勢現實主義之評析〉,《國際關係學報》,第十八期,民國九十二年十二月,頁41~58。
     莫大華,〈論國際關係理論中的建構主義〉,《問題與研究》,第38卷第9期,民國88年9月,頁93~109。
     莫大華,〈國際關係理論大辯論研究的評析〉,《問題與研究》,第39卷第12期,民國89年12月,頁65~90。
     陳東,〈試析塑造俄國女皇葉卡特琳娜二世的歷史因素〉,《四川教育學院學報》,第二十三卷第三期,2007年3月,頁41~44。
     嚴梵蘭,〈試析十九世紀英俄爭奪黑海海峽的原因-讀恩格斯《在土耳其的真正爭論點》〉,《安順師範高等專科學校學報》,第八卷第四期,2006年12月,頁55~57。
     
     二、英文
     (一)專書
     Alexander, John T.. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. (New York: Oxford Univer-sity Press, 1989.)
     Anderson, M. S.. Europe in the Eighteenth Century: 1713-1783, Third Edition. (London: Longman, 1987.)
     Anderson, M. S.. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923. (New York: St. Martin`s P., 1966.)
     Charques, R. D.. A Short History of Russia. (London: Phoenix House Ltd, 1956.)
     Chew, Allen F.. An Atlas of Russian History. (London: Yale University Press, 1970.)
     Daudin G.& K. O. O’Rourke& Leandro Prados de la Escosura. Trade and Empire, 1700-1870. (Paris: OFCE, 2008.)
     Dearborn, Henry A. S.. Charts to Illustrate a Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, and the Trade and Maritime Geography of Turkey and Egypt. (Bos-ton: Wells and Lilly, 1819.)
     Eton, William. Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea. (London: Luke Hansard, 1805.)
     Florinsky, Mchael T.. Russia: A History and an Interpretation. (New York: Macmillan, 1969.)
     Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.)
     Griffiths, Martin and O’Callaghan, Terry. International Relations: The Key Concepts. (New York: Routledge, 2002.)
     Harcave, Sidney. Russia: A History, 15th ed.. (Philadelphia : Lippincott, 1964.)
     Hupchick, Dennis P. and Cox, Harold E.. A Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe. (Hampshire: Macmillan Press LTD, 1996.)
     Kirchner, Walther. A History of Russia, 4th Ed.. (New York: Barnes& Noble, Inc., 1966.)
     Lee, Stephen J.. Peter the Great. (London: Routledge, 1993.)
     Massie, Robert K.. Peter the Great, His Life and World. (New York: Knopf, 1980.)
     Morgenthau, Hans J.. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. (New York: Knopf, 1978.)
     Pares, Bernard. A History of Russia. (New York: Knopf, 1968.)
     Pitcher, Donald Edgar. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire. (Leiden: Brill, 1972.)
     Riasanovsky, Nicholas V.. A History of Russia, 6th ed.. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.)
     Roolvink, R.. Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.)
     Seton-Watson, Hugh. The Russian Empire, 1801-1917. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.)
     Stevens, Robert. An account of Odessa: with some reflections, showing the benefits of the trade of the Black Sea to the United States of America, and the advantages of a commercial treaty with Turkey. (Newport: Printed by William Simons, 1819.)
     Sumner, B. H.. Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia. (New York: Collier Books, 1962.)
     University of London. A Geographical, Statistical and Commercial Account of the Rus-sian Ports of the Black Sea, the Sea of Asoph and the Danube. (London: the Wor-shipful Company of Goldsmiths, 1907.)
     Vernadsky, George. A History of Russia, 6th rev. ed.. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.)
     Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. (New York: Random House, 1979.)
     Wilkinson ,Charles. An Account of the Navigation and Commerce of the Black Sea. (London: W. Wilson, 1807.)
     Wilson, Francesca. MUSCOVY Russia Through Foreign Eyes 1553~1900. (London: Al-len & Unwin, 1970.)
     
     (二)期刊
     Abou-el-Haj, Riffat A.. “The Formal Closure of the Ottoman in Europe: 1699-1703,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 89, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep., 1969), pp. 467~475.
     Anderson, M. S.. “Great Britain and the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774,” The Eng-lish Historical Review, Vol. 69, No. 270 (Jan., 1954), pp. 39~58.
     Davison, Roderic H. “Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility: The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji Reconsidered,” Slavic Review, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep., 1976), pp. 463~483.
     Duran, James A.. “Catherine II, Potemkin, and the Colonization Policy in Southern Russia,” Russian Review, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1969), pp. 23~36.
     Fisher, Alan W.. “Enlightened Despotism and Islam Under Catherine II,” Slavic Re-view, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Dec., 1968), pp. 542~553.
     Griffiths, David M.. “Nikita Panin, Russian Diplomacy, and the American Revolu-tion,” Slavic Review, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), pp. 1~24.
     Halecki, O.. “Imperialism in Slavic and East European History,” American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Feb., 1952), pp. 1~26.
     Haskins, John F. “Sarmatian Gold Collected by Peter the Great: - VII; The Demidov Gift and Conclusions,” Artibus Asiae, Vol. 22, No. 1∕2, 1959, pp. 64~67, 69~78.
     Khodarkovsky, Michael. “Of Christianity, Enlightenment, and Colonialism: Russia in the North Caucasus, 1550-1800,” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), pp. 394~430.
     Lehovich, Dimitry V.. “The Testament of Peter the Great,” American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 7, No, 2 (Apr., 1948), pp. 111~124.
     Moon, David. “Peasant Migration and the Settlement of Russia’s Frontiers, 1550~1897,” The Historical Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Dec., 1997), pp. 859~893.
     Naff, Thomas. “Reform and the Conduct of Ottoman Diplomacy in the Reign of Selim III, 1789-1807,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 83, No. 3 (Aug.-Sep., 1963), pp. 295~315.
     O’Brien, Bickford. “Russia and Turkey, 1677~1681: The Treaty of Bakhchisarai,” Russian Review, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct., 1953), pp. 259~268.
     Pritsak, Omeljan. “Moscow, the Golden Horde, and the Kazan Khanate from a Poly-cultural Point of View,” Slavic Review, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1967), pp.577~583.
     Prousis, Theophilus C.& Demetrios S. Inglezes. “Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa,” Slavic Review, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Autumn, 1991), pp. 672~679.
     Resis, Albert “Russophobia and the “Testament” of Peter the Great, 1812~1980,” Slavic Review, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Winter, 1985), pp. 681~693.
     Rudnytsky, Ivan L.. “A Study of Cossack History,” Slavic Review, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Dec., 1972), pp. 870~875.
     Rywkin, Michael. “Russian Colonial Expansion before Ivan the Dread: A Survey of Basic Trends,” Russian Review, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1973), pp. 286~293.
     Schonle, Andreas. “Garden of the Empire: Catherine’s Appropriation of the Cri-mea,” Slavic Review, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Spring, 2001), pp. 1~23.
     Wendt, Alexander. “Anarchy is What States Make of it: the Social Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 391~425.
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