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題名 德國社會主義的興起
German Socalism`s Blossom
作者 黃如慧
貢獻者 周惠民
黃如慧
關鍵詞 工業化
社會問題
社會主義
德國社會民主黨
日期 2012
上傳時間 1-Apr-2014 11:15:36 (UTC+8)
摘要 德意志人馬克思及恩格思是社會主義的代表性人物，德國社會主義者在巴黎公社失敗後掌握歐洲社會主義運動的領導權，德國工會運動的發展及至今仍十分有力的狀況，讓德國社會主義的研究成為社會主義研究最好的切入點；誠然，德國歷史發展的問題同樣影響了社會主義的發展，這使德國的社會主義具有其特殊性，但這種特殊並不妨礙對整體的理解，甚至有助於對歐洲社會主義及其文化脈絡的認識。
本文《德國社會主義的興起》從德意志的中古時期論至20世紀初，從如此漫長的歷史中探求社會主義出現的可能因素，無疑是較為適當的；因為正是這一段足夠長的時間，可以在表面上清楚辨識出政治、經濟和社會的轉變，並在其下發現到思想及文化上的變化，這些因素湊在一起，主要的政治意識型態脈絡便梳理了出來。這中間包括了被視為不中不西的社會主義思想，其實也是人文主義的一種產物，甚至可以與希臘時期的人文主義加以對照(至於這點，本文難以論及)，在此一對照中，又看到了社會主義畢竟是時空歷史的產物，受到過真正宗教精神的洗禮，在謀求掙脫這種「精神桎梏」的同時，社會主義又落入了一種難以擺脫的尷尬處境──是一種「一切皆為可知」的樂觀主義與政治充分結合的結果，造成了平庸的現狀。
本文以較為簡短的篇幅解釋馬克思以前的社會主義，是為指出社會主義是一個「現代化社會」(在本句中意指工業化社會)在發展時，面對新的社會問題而出現的政治主張，因此社會主義的精神源頭必須從社會問題的生成說起，社會問題也成為貫穿本文的主線。較長的討論馬克思與恩格思，他們總結了在他們以前的社會主義，其「反對舊秩序」的政治思想至此具有代表性與重要性，各種複雜因素所形成的看似簡單的社會問題，他們明確地指出根源正在於──社會問題是統治者在政治上以法律壓迫一般人民，在精神上以宗教麻痺一般人民，處理這樣的狀況便成為社會主義的基本主張。社會主義是一種意識型態，意識型態乃以其政治觀點涵蓋對真理、道德及美感的解釋，具有尋求認同及政治侵略的性質，於是一些本無中心思想及散漫的準工匠團體逐漸在社會主義的號召下聚集起來，他們所代表的是社會在開放過程中蒙受不利益的人們欲於政治上找到活路，以其數量上的愈形龐大成為不可小覷的政治力量，這些發展過程使歷史朝著政治民主化、文化大眾化的發展方向仿佛可以預見，而在今日成為「不容置疑」的真相。
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王曾才，《西洋近世史》，台北：正中書局，1976。
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彼得‧柏克(著)，楊豫、王海良(譯)，《歐洲近代早期的大眾文化》，上海市：上海人民，2005。
馬丁‧基欽(著)，趙輝、徐芳(譯)，《劍橋插圖德國史》，北京：世界知識出版社，2005。
伯爾基(著)，伍慶、王文揚(譯)，《馬克思主義的起源》，上海：華東師範大學出版社，2007。
彼得‧蓋伊(著)，梁永安(譯)，《啟蒙運動──自由之科學》，台北縣：立緒文化，2008。
弗蘭茲‧瓦爾特(著)、張文紅(譯)，《德國社會民主黨：從無產階級到新中間》，重慶：重慶出版社，2008。
王世宗：《現代世界的形成：文明終極意義的探求》，台北市：三民，2009。
洛克(著)，葉啟芳、瞿菊農(譯)，《政府論》，下篇，北京：商務印書館，2009。
賽巴斯提安‧哈夫納(著)，周全(譯)，《從俾斯麥到希特勒：回顧德意志國》，台北：北岸文化出版，2009。
漢斯─烏爾里希‧韋勒(著)，邢來順(譯)，《德意志帝國》，西寧：青海人 民出版社，2009。
阿諾‧伯斯特(著)，瞿德瑜(譯)，《歐洲中古生活型態：百篇精選史料導讀》，下，新北市：凡識書屋，2011。
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英文論文集論文
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英文專書
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
歷史研究所
96153006
101
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096153006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 周惠民zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃如慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃如慧zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2012en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Apr-2014 11:15:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Apr-2014 11:15:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Apr-2014 11:15:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096153006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/65074-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 歷史研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96153006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 德意志人馬克思及恩格思是社會主義的代表性人物，德國社會主義者在巴黎公社失敗後掌握歐洲社會主義運動的領導權，德國工會運動的發展及至今仍十分有力的狀況，讓德國社會主義的研究成為社會主義研究最好的切入點；誠然，德國歷史發展的問題同樣影響了社會主義的發展，這使德國的社會主義具有其特殊性，但這種特殊並不妨礙對整體的理解，甚至有助於對歐洲社會主義及其文化脈絡的認識。
本文《德國社會主義的興起》從德意志的中古時期論至20世紀初，從如此漫長的歷史中探求社會主義出現的可能因素，無疑是較為適當的；因為正是這一段足夠長的時間，可以在表面上清楚辨識出政治、經濟和社會的轉變，並在其下發現到思想及文化上的變化，這些因素湊在一起，主要的政治意識型態脈絡便梳理了出來。這中間包括了被視為不中不西的社會主義思想，其實也是人文主義的一種產物，甚至可以與希臘時期的人文主義加以對照(至於這點，本文難以論及)，在此一對照中，又看到了社會主義畢竟是時空歷史的產物，受到過真正宗教精神的洗禮，在謀求掙脫這種「精神桎梏」的同時，社會主義又落入了一種難以擺脫的尷尬處境──是一種「一切皆為可知」的樂觀主義與政治充分結合的結果，造成了平庸的現狀。
本文以較為簡短的篇幅解釋馬克思以前的社會主義，是為指出社會主義是一個「現代化社會」(在本句中意指工業化社會)在發展時，面對新的社會問題而出現的政治主張，因此社會主義的精神源頭必須從社會問題的生成說起，社會問題也成為貫穿本文的主線。較長的討論馬克思與恩格思，他們總結了在他們以前的社會主義，其「反對舊秩序」的政治思想至此具有代表性與重要性，各種複雜因素所形成的看似簡單的社會問題，他們明確地指出根源正在於──社會問題是統治者在政治上以法律壓迫一般人民，在精神上以宗教麻痺一般人民，處理這樣的狀況便成為社會主義的基本主張。社會主義是一種意識型態，意識型態乃以其政治觀點涵蓋對真理、道德及美感的解釋，具有尋求認同及政治侵略的性質，於是一些本無中心思想及散漫的準工匠團體逐漸在社會主義的號召下聚集起來，他們所代表的是社會在開放過程中蒙受不利益的人們欲於政治上找到活路，以其數量上的愈形龐大成為不可小覷的政治力量，這些發展過程使歷史朝著政治民主化、文化大眾化的發展方向仿佛可以預見，而在今日成為「不容置疑」的真相。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究回顧 6
第三節 章節安排與架構 9

第一章 德意志地區的現代化進程 12
第一節 封建制度鬆動 14
一、領土國家的確立 16
二、莊園經濟的衰退 20
第二節 改革時期 21
一、開明專制 22
二、法國大革命的影響 26
第三節 現代化的成果 29
一、經濟發展：工業化 32
二、政治發展：自由主義 35
(一) 1830年革命 37
(二) 1848年革命 40

第二章 社會主義的興起 46
第一節 社會問題的成因 48
一、農村 50
二、城市 56
第二節 社會主義者與社會主義理論化 61
一、早期社會主義者 69
二、馬克思 77
第三節 社會主義組織化 86
一、境外陰謀組織 89
二、境內合法政黨 98

第三章 德國社會民主黨的初步確立 105
第一節 德國社會民主黨之成立 109
一、德意志工人總會的建立 112
二、德意志社會民主工人黨的建立 119
三、ADAV與SDAP合併：德國社會民主工人黨 125
第二節 社會民主黨之困境 132
一、反社會主義者法 137
二、國家社會立法 148
第三節 社會民主黨的回應 158
一、修正主義的出現 160
二、大眾路線的端倪 168

結論 175

徵引書目 180		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2426347 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096153006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工業化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德國社會民主黨zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 德國社會主義的興起zh_TW
dc.title (題名) German Socalism`s Blossomen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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