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題名 探討調查代替普的可行性
To probe into the possibility on survey instead of census
作者 楊宗龍
貢獻者 余清祥
楊宗龍
關鍵詞 普查
登記式普查結合抽樣調查
卡方檢定
電腦模擬
Census
Registered-Based Census with Sampling Survey
Chi-square test
Computer Simulation
日期 2013
上傳時間 1-May-2014 15:17:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 普查旨在蒐集一個國家或地區的人民總數、結構及其相關資訊。普查資料的用途非常廣泛,包括政府機關的施政規劃、商業組織的策略佈局,或是民眾對自己居住地區的認識,都可參考這些資料。為了因應社會變遷及需求,節省人力、物力等資源,近年有些國家發展新的普查方式,例如:登記式普查、登記式普查結合抽樣調查以及滾動式普查,以提升普查效率,其中臺灣在2010年時的普查即是首次使用登記式普查結合抽樣調查,大致為抽出全臺灣16%的民眾,有別於以往的全人口普查。然而,為何抽出16%、這些樣本可否準確推估出全臺灣母體等問題,政府相關單位並未提出說明。
有鑑於此,本文探討調查代替普查所需搭配條件為研究目標。其中,以人口的年齡及性別結構為主要驗證對象,提出兩種衡量標準,且在簡單隨機抽樣的假設之下,透過電腦模擬及卡方檢定,探討抽出放回與否、母體結構、分組數與抽出率等各因素中,何者對抽樣調查的設計影響較大。
本研究的實驗中,兩種衡量標準所造成的結果有所差異,其中相對標準為滿足抽出率的要求,以確保母體與樣本的一致性;而絕對標準則是對樣本數的要求,以確保母體估計的容許誤差不大於主觀研究者的要求。因此,若結合兩種衡量標準則可因地制宜,選擇以相對標準或絕對標準為主導並同時保有兩者的優點,為分組數與樣本數之間訂立準則。
Census aims to collect the information of the population, including its size, structure, and other related information, in a country or region. Census data are used widely, including policy planning for the government, business strategies for private sectors, or individuals who are interested in their living environment. In order to reduce the rising non-response rate and survey cost, some countries are looking for the possibility of introducing new census methods, such as registered-based census and rolling census. Taiwan also conducted the first registered-base census in 2010 and about 16% of people were asked to fill in the census form. This is very different from the previous full population census and we are interested in knowing if 16% of population is sufficient to provide accurate estimate of the whole Taiwan population.
The objective of this study is thus to explore how many people shall we survey (in percentage of population) to acquire reliable estimate of the total population. In particular, we are interested in the sex and age structures of population, in addition to the population size. To simplify the discussion, we shall only consider the simple random sampling since more complicated sampling plan (e.g., two-stage or clustered sampling). Also, we assume that the sampling is without replacement and the chi-square test is applied to check if the sample estimate of population structure is the same as the true population. There are two types of evaluation criteria: relative and absolute errors. We found that 16% of sample can only provide reliable population estimate up to age 80 (5-age group: ages 0-4, 5-9, …, 75-79, 80+).
參考文獻 一、中文部份:
行政院主計總處(2004),"新加坡的統計制度"。
行政院主計總處(2012),"99年人口及住宅普查"。
李隆安(1995),"抽樣調查新方法的探討",中央研究院民族學研究所。
桃園縣政府主計處(2011),"桃園縣99年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析"。
洪永泰(1995),"抽樣調查中戶籍資料適用性之探討",選舉研究,2(2),83-97。
洪永泰(1996),"抽樣調查中樣本代表性的問題",調查研究,1,7-37。
洪永泰(2003),"原始樣本、替代樣本、與追蹤樣本的比較:「2001年臺灣選舉與民主化調查研究」訪問失敗問題的探討",選舉研究,10(2),37-58。
洪永泰(2005),"台灣地區抽樣調查各種母體定義、抽樣底冊和涵蓋率的比較",調查研究,18,9-44。
洪永泰(2006),"民意調查的挑戰:瞎子摸的是什麼象?",研考雙月刊,30(4),39-48。
侯佩君(2011),"複雜抽樣調查的資料分析及實務應用─以SAS、STATA為例",調查研究,25,91-140。
顏貝珊、余清祥(2010),"2010 世界各國人口普查制度之研究",人口學刊,40,203-229。
陳肇男、劉克智(2002),"台灣2000年戶口普查結果的評價:常住人口與戶籍登記人口的比較分析",人口學刊,25,1-56。
陳信木、林佳瑩、邱泯科(2006),"臺灣家戶結構現況下的戶中抽樣課題",調查研究,20,45-91。
陳寬政(2009),"人口老化的原因與結果",人文與社會科學簡訊,10,28-39。
歐陽致平(2007),"相似性指數與卡方檢定之探討",國立政治大學統計學系碩士論文。
龍文彬(1998),"公元兩千年世界人口普查之趨勢及發展",調查研究,5,37-74。
龍文彬(1998),"以戶口及住宅普查資料檔為抽樣母體之實務應用與探討",調查研究,6,87-109。

二、英文部分:
Adcock, C. J. (1995). "Sample Size Determination: A Review",The Statistician, 46(2), 261-283.
Angers, C. (1974). "A Graphical Method to Evaluate Sample Sizes for the Multi-nomial Distribution", Technometrics, 16, 469-471.
Angers, C. (1979). "Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations (letter to the editor)", The American Statistician, 33, 163-164.
Angers, C. (1984). "Large Sample Sizes for the Estimation of Multinomial Frequencies From Simulation Studies", Simulation, 10, 175-178.
Dunn, O. J. (1961). "Multiple Comparisons Among Means", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56(293), 52–64.
Eaton, P. W. (1978). "Yarnold`s Criterion and Minimum Sample Size", The American Statistician, 32(3), 102-103.
Goodman, Leo A. (1965). "On Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Populations", Technometrics, 7, 247-254.
Gillett, R. (1996). "Sample Size Determination in a Chi-Squared Test Given Informa-tion from an Earlier Study", Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 21(3), 230-246.
Pearson, K. (1922), "On the χ2 Test of Goodness of fit", Biometrica, 14, 186-191.
Queensbury, C. P., and Hurst, D. C. (1964). "Large Sample Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions", Technometrics, 6, 191-195.
Tortora, R. D. (1978). "A Note on Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations", The American Statistician, 32(3), 100-102.
Thompson, S. K. (1987). "Sample Size for Estimating Multinomial Proportions", The American Statistician, 41(1), 42-46.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計研究所
100354023
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100354023
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 余清祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊宗龍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 楊宗龍zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-May-2014 15:17:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-May-2014 15:17:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-May-2014 15:17:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100354023en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/65749-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100354023zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 普查旨在蒐集一個國家或地區的人民總數、結構及其相關資訊。普查資料的用途非常廣泛,包括政府機關的施政規劃、商業組織的策略佈局,或是民眾對自己居住地區的認識,都可參考這些資料。為了因應社會變遷及需求,節省人力、物力等資源,近年有些國家發展新的普查方式,例如:登記式普查、登記式普查結合抽樣調查以及滾動式普查,以提升普查效率,其中臺灣在2010年時的普查即是首次使用登記式普查結合抽樣調查,大致為抽出全臺灣16%的民眾,有別於以往的全人口普查。然而,為何抽出16%、這些樣本可否準確推估出全臺灣母體等問題,政府相關單位並未提出說明。
有鑑於此,本文探討調查代替普查所需搭配條件為研究目標。其中,以人口的年齡及性別結構為主要驗證對象,提出兩種衡量標準,且在簡單隨機抽樣的假設之下,透過電腦模擬及卡方檢定,探討抽出放回與否、母體結構、分組數與抽出率等各因素中,何者對抽樣調查的設計影響較大。
本研究的實驗中,兩種衡量標準所造成的結果有所差異,其中相對標準為滿足抽出率的要求,以確保母體與樣本的一致性;而絕對標準則是對樣本數的要求,以確保母體估計的容許誤差不大於主觀研究者的要求。因此,若結合兩種衡量標準則可因地制宜,選擇以相對標準或絕對標準為主導並同時保有兩者的優點,為分組數與樣本數之間訂立準則。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Census aims to collect the information of the population, including its size, structure, and other related information, in a country or region. Census data are used widely, including policy planning for the government, business strategies for private sectors, or individuals who are interested in their living environment. In order to reduce the rising non-response rate and survey cost, some countries are looking for the possibility of introducing new census methods, such as registered-based census and rolling census. Taiwan also conducted the first registered-base census in 2010 and about 16% of people were asked to fill in the census form. This is very different from the previous full population census and we are interested in knowing if 16% of population is sufficient to provide accurate estimate of the whole Taiwan population.
The objective of this study is thus to explore how many people shall we survey (in percentage of population) to acquire reliable estimate of the total population. In particular, we are interested in the sex and age structures of population, in addition to the population size. To simplify the discussion, we shall only consider the simple random sampling since more complicated sampling plan (e.g., two-stage or clustered sampling). Also, we assume that the sampling is without replacement and the chi-square test is applied to check if the sample estimate of population structure is the same as the true population. There are two types of evaluation criteria: relative and absolute errors. We found that 16% of sample can only provide reliable population estimate up to age 80 (5-age group: ages 0-4, 5-9, …, 75-79, 80+).
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第貳章 普查與調查 3
第一節 普查簡介 3
第二節 調查簡介 5
第三節 普查與調查的比較 6
第參章 研究方法 9
第一節 相對標準的方法 9
第二節 絕對標準的方法 13
第肆章 電腦模擬 17
第一節 相對標準的電腦模擬 17
第二節 絕對標準的電腦模擬 29
第三節 結合絕對標準與相對標準 35
第伍章 結論與建議 39
第一節 結論 39
第二節 討論與建議 40
參考文獻 49
附錄一 抽出不放回卡方檢定的p-value盒鬚圖 52
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1117931 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100354023en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 普查zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 登記式普查結合抽樣調查zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 卡方檢定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電腦模擬zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Censusen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Registered-Based Census with Sampling Surveyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chi-square testen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Computer Simulationen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討調查代替普的可行性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) To probe into the possibility on survey instead of censusen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份:
行政院主計總處(2004),"新加坡的統計制度"。
行政院主計總處(2012),"99年人口及住宅普查"。
李隆安(1995),"抽樣調查新方法的探討",中央研究院民族學研究所。
桃園縣政府主計處(2011),"桃園縣99年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析"。
洪永泰(1995),"抽樣調查中戶籍資料適用性之探討",選舉研究,2(2),83-97。
洪永泰(1996),"抽樣調查中樣本代表性的問題",調查研究,1,7-37。
洪永泰(2003),"原始樣本、替代樣本、與追蹤樣本的比較:「2001年臺灣選舉與民主化調查研究」訪問失敗問題的探討",選舉研究,10(2),37-58。
洪永泰(2005),"台灣地區抽樣調查各種母體定義、抽樣底冊和涵蓋率的比較",調查研究,18,9-44。
洪永泰(2006),"民意調查的挑戰:瞎子摸的是什麼象?",研考雙月刊,30(4),39-48。
侯佩君(2011),"複雜抽樣調查的資料分析及實務應用─以SAS、STATA為例",調查研究,25,91-140。
顏貝珊、余清祥(2010),"2010 世界各國人口普查制度之研究",人口學刊,40,203-229。
陳肇男、劉克智(2002),"台灣2000年戶口普查結果的評價:常住人口與戶籍登記人口的比較分析",人口學刊,25,1-56。
陳信木、林佳瑩、邱泯科(2006),"臺灣家戶結構現況下的戶中抽樣課題",調查研究,20,45-91。
陳寬政(2009),"人口老化的原因與結果",人文與社會科學簡訊,10,28-39。
歐陽致平(2007),"相似性指數與卡方檢定之探討",國立政治大學統計學系碩士論文。
龍文彬(1998),"公元兩千年世界人口普查之趨勢及發展",調查研究,5,37-74。
龍文彬(1998),"以戶口及住宅普查資料檔為抽樣母體之實務應用與探討",調查研究,6,87-109。

二、英文部分:
Adcock, C. J. (1995). "Sample Size Determination: A Review",The Statistician, 46(2), 261-283.
Angers, C. (1974). "A Graphical Method to Evaluate Sample Sizes for the Multi-nomial Distribution", Technometrics, 16, 469-471.
Angers, C. (1979). "Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations (letter to the editor)", The American Statistician, 33, 163-164.
Angers, C. (1984). "Large Sample Sizes for the Estimation of Multinomial Frequencies From Simulation Studies", Simulation, 10, 175-178.
Dunn, O. J. (1961). "Multiple Comparisons Among Means", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56(293), 52–64.
Eaton, P. W. (1978). "Yarnold`s Criterion and Minimum Sample Size", The American Statistician, 32(3), 102-103.
Goodman, Leo A. (1965). "On Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Populations", Technometrics, 7, 247-254.
Gillett, R. (1996). "Sample Size Determination in a Chi-Squared Test Given Informa-tion from an Earlier Study", Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 21(3), 230-246.
Pearson, K. (1922), "On the χ2 Test of Goodness of fit", Biometrica, 14, 186-191.
Queensbury, C. P., and Hurst, D. C. (1964). "Large Sample Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions", Technometrics, 6, 191-195.
Tortora, R. D. (1978). "A Note on Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations", The American Statistician, 32(3), 100-102.
Thompson, S. K. (1987). "Sample Size for Estimating Multinomial Proportions", The American Statistician, 41(1), 42-46.
zh_TW