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題名 由動詞及UP或DOWN組成之動詞片語與介系詞片語連用之分析
Analysis of the co-occurrence of the VP-UP/DOWN construction and the P-NP construction
作者 李旻倩
貢獻者 鍾曉芳
李旻倩
關鍵詞 BNC英國國家語料庫
動詞片語
介系詞片語
雙介系詞連用
語意分析
BNC
two co-occurring prepositions
semantic meaning analysis
verb-preposition sequence
prepositional phase
日期 2013
上傳時間 4-六月-2014 14:39:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去許多研究著眼於探討英文介系詞的語意，其中許多學者專注在單一介系詞的探討（e.g., Boers, 1996; Lindstromberg, 2010），其它學者則分析由動詞與介系詞組成之動詞片語、由介系詞與名詞組成之介系詞片語的語意（e.g. Larsen-Freeman & Celce-Murcia, 1999; Lindner, 1983; Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartik, 1985）。過去這些研究大多在單一介系詞的框架下進行，鮮少有包含雙介系詞的句構的研究。本論文所研究之句構為：一個由動詞及UP/DOWN組成之動詞片語加上一個由IN與名詞組成之介系詞片語，在本句構中包含兩個連用之介系詞，本研究的分析包含雙介系詞的語意、動詞片語以及介系詞片語的語意，另外還包含此句構中所有語意的語意關連。
本研究採納並調整前人對介系詞、動詞片語以及介系詞片語的語意類別，以調整過的語意類別分析句構。研究結果發現在此句構中，雙介系詞大多含有隱喻概念，而大多的動詞片語則用來表達完成的動作語意，介系詞片語則多描繪空間概念或狀態。除此之外，我們發現此句構中的語意間有所關連，另外我們更發現UP和DOWN在本句構中並沒有完全對比的語意。
在本研究中，我們不同於以往研究只專注於一個介系詞或一個片語的分析，而是由三個角度切入探討一個含有雙介系詞的句構，未來期望能將本研究的結果運用在對比學習者對此句構的語言表現，並對介系詞的教學有更多貢獻。
參考文獻 Alam, Y. S. (2004, May). Decision trees for sense disambiguation of prepositions: Case of over. In Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on Computational Lexical Semantics, pp. 52-59. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Arnold, L.V. (1986). The English Word. Moscow: Viszsaja Skola.
Ayano, S. (2004). The layered internal structure of spatial PPs. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 18(1), 3-27.
Baldwin, T., Beavers, J., Van Der Beek, L., Bond, F., Flickinger, D., & Sag, I. A. (2006). In search of a systematic treatment of determinerless PPs. In Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions (pp. 163-179). Springer Netherlands.
Baldwin, T., & Villavicencio, A. (2002,). Extracting the unextractable: A case study on verb-particles. In proceedings of the 6th conference on Natural language learning-Volume 20, pp. 1-7. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Berez, A. L., & Gries, S. T. (2008). In defense of corpus-based methods: a behavioral profile analysis of polysemous get in English. In Proceedings of the 24th Northwest linguistics conference. University of Washington working papers in linguistics.Vol. 27, pp. 157-166.
Boers, F. (1996). Spatial Prepositions and Metaphor: A Cognitive Semantic Journey Along the Up-down and the Front-back Dimensions: Narr.
Brugman, C.M. (1988). The Story of Over: Polysemy, Semantics, and the Structure of the Lexicon. Taylor & Francis.
Chung, S.F., & Lee, M.C. (2013). Focusing on the Literal and Metaphorical Patterns of Prepositions: Corpus and its Applications. Paper presented at the The Fifth Asian Conference on Education (ACE 2013), Osaka, Japan.
Darwin, C. M, & Gray, L.S. (1999). Going After the Phrasal Verb: An Alternative Approach to Classification. TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 65-83. doi: 10.2307/3588191
Daud, N. M, & Abusa, N. A. (1999). Teaching Prepositions Using a Concordancer. The English Teacher, 28. Retrieved from http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1999/main6.html
Dehé, N. (2002). Verb particle explorations (Vol. 1): Mouton de Gruyter.
Gardner, D. E. E., & Davies, Mark. (2007). Pointing Out Frequent Phrasal Verbs: A Corpus-Based Analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 339-359. doi: 10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00062.x
Garside, R., Leech, G., & Sampson, G. (1987). The Computational Analysis of English: A Corpus-Based Approach: Longman.
Geld, R, & Letica, S. (2011). Centrality of Spce in the Strategic Construal of up in English Particle verbs. In M. Brdar, M. Omazić, G. Buljan, V. Bagarić & T. Gradečak-Erdeljić (Eds.), Space and Time in Language, pp. 145-166. Frankfurt/New York: Peter Lang Verblag.
Girju, R. (2009). The syntax and semantics of prepositions in the task of automatic interpretation of nominal phrases and compounds: A cross-linguistic study. Computational Linguistics, 35(2), 185-228.
Grabowski, Joachim, & Miller, George A. (2000). Factors Affecting the Use of Dimensional Prepositions in German and American English: Object Orientation, Social Context, and Prepositional Pattern. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 29(5), 517-553.
Granger, S. (2002). A bird’s-eye view of learner corpus research. Computer learner corpora, second language acquisition and foreign language teaching, 3-33.
Herskovits, A. (1986). Language and Spatial Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Prepositions in English. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hoffmann, S, Evert, S, Smith, N, Lee, D, & Prytz, B. (2008). Corpus Linguistics with BNCweb: A Practial Guide. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Hying, C. (2007, June). A corpus-based analysis of geometric constraints on projective prepositions. In Proceedings of the Fourth ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions, pp. 1-8. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Jon, P, & Fletcher, J. (2004). Differetiating Types of Verb Particle Constructions. Paper presented at the The Australasian Language Technology Workshop.
Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason: University Press.
Klégr, A. (2009). English Equivalents of the Most Frequent Czech Prepositions. A Contrastive Corpus-based Study. In Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics Conference 2009 (CL2009), p. 40.
Koosha, M., & Jafarpour, A. A. (2006). Data-driven learning and teaching collocation of prepositions: The case of Iranian EFL adult learners. Asian EFL journal, 8(4), 192-209.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar, I, theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Celce-Murcia, M. (1999). The grammar book: An ESL/EFL teacher’s course (2nd ed.): Heinle & Heinle.
Lee, M.C., & Chung, S.F. (2013). A Corpus-based, Multi-level Analysis of Prepositions in VP-down in-NP Constructions. Paper presented at the The 2013 International Conference on Applied Linguistics (APLX2013), Taipei, Taiwan.
Leech, G.N, Rayson, P, & Wilson, A. (2001). Word frequencies in written and spoken English: Longman.
Lindner, S. (1981). A Lexico-Semantic Analysis of English Verb Particle Constructions withouth “out” and “up”. (Ph.D.), University of California, San Diego. Available from Open Library
Lindstromberg, S. (2010). English Prepositions Explained. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Lipka, Leonhard. (1972). Semantic Structure and Word-formation: Verb-particle Constructions in Contemporary English: Wilhelm Fink.
Marshall, I. (1983). Choice of Grammatical Word-class Without Global Syntactic Analysis: Tagging Words in the LOB Corpus. Computers and the Humanities, 17(3), 139-150.
Merlo, P., Crocker, M.W., & Berthouzoz, C. (1997). Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized backed-off estimation. Paper presented at the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.
Morgenstern, A., & Sekali, M. (2009). What Can Child Language Yell us about Prepositions?. Studies in Language and Cognition, 261-275.
Mueller, C. M. (2011). English learners’ knowledge of prepositions: Collocational knowledge or knowledge based on meaning?. System, 39(4), 480-490.
Mukundan, J., & Roslim, N. (2009). Textbook representation of prepositions.English language teaching, 2(4), P13.
Otani, N. (2006). The Conceptual Basis of the Particles Up and Down in English: Asymmetries in Vertical Axis. Linguistic Science, 12, 95-115.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S, Leech, G, & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive grammar of the English language. England: Longman.
Pantel, P., & Lin, D. (2000). An unsupervised approach to prepositional phrase attachment using contextually similar words. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics.
Paulussen, H. (1995). Corpus-based analysis of prepositions in English, Dutch and French. status: published.
Potter, S. (1965). English phrasal verbs. Philologica pragensia, 8(23), 285-289.
Retz-Schmidt, G. (1988). Various views on spatial prepositions. AI magazine,9(2), 95.
Rudzka-Ostyn, B. (2003). Word Power: Phrasal Verbs and Compounds : a Cognitive Approach: Mouton de Gruyter.
Saint-Dizier, P. (Ed.). (2006). Syntax and semantics of prepositions. Vol. 29. Springer.
Srikumar, V., & Roth, D. (2013). Modeling semantic relations expressed by prepositions. Urbana, 51, 61801.
Stetina, J., & Nagao, M. (1997). Corpus based PP attachment ambiguity resolution with a semantic dictionary. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the fifth workshop on very large corpora.
Strumpf, M., & Douglas, A. (2004). The Grammar Bible: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Grammar but Didn`t Know Whom to Ask: Henry Holt and Company.
Talmy, L. (2003). Toward a Cognitive Semantics - 2 volume set: Volume 1: Concept Structuring Systems and Volume 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring: MIT Press.
Taylor, J. R. (1993). Prepositions: Patterns of polysemization and strategies of disambiguation. The Semantics of Prepositions, 3, 151.
Tyler, A., & Evans, V. (2001). Reconsidering prepositional polysemy networks: The case of over. Language, 77(4), 724-765.
Tyler, A., & Evans, V. (2003). The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning, and Cognition: Cambridge University Press.
Tyler, A, Mueller, Cc, & Vu, H. (2011). Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Learning the Semantics of English to, for and at: An Experimental Investigation. Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8, 181-205.
Vandeloise, C., & Bosch, A.R.K. (1991). Spatial Prepositions: A Case Study from French: University of Chicago Press.
Vorwerg, C. & Weiß, P. (2010). Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 10(4), 247-291. doi: 10.1080/13875861003663770
Wikberg, K. (2006). The role of corpus studies in metaphor research. Selected Papers from the, 33-48.
Yeh, A.S., & Vilain, M.B. (1998). Some properties of preposition and subordinate conjunction attachments. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics-Volume 2.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
99551016
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099551016
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鍾曉芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 李旻倩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 李旻倩zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-六月-2014 14:39:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-六月-2014 14:39:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-六月-2014 14:39:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0099551016en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/66452-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99551016zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去許多研究著眼於探討英文介系詞的語意，其中許多學者專注在單一介系詞的探討（e.g., Boers, 1996; Lindstromberg, 2010），其它學者則分析由動詞與介系詞組成之動詞片語、由介系詞與名詞組成之介系詞片語的語意（e.g. Larsen-Freeman & Celce-Murcia, 1999; Lindner, 1983; Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartik, 1985）。過去這些研究大多在單一介系詞的框架下進行，鮮少有包含雙介系詞的句構的研究。本論文所研究之句構為：一個由動詞及UP/DOWN組成之動詞片語加上一個由IN與名詞組成之介系詞片語，在本句構中包含兩個連用之介系詞，本研究的分析包含雙介系詞的語意、動詞片語以及介系詞片語的語意，另外還包含此句構中所有語意的語意關連。
本研究採納並調整前人對介系詞、動詞片語以及介系詞片語的語意類別，以調整過的語意類別分析句構。研究結果發現在此句構中，雙介系詞大多含有隱喻概念，而大多的動詞片語則用來表達完成的動作語意，介系詞片語則多描繪空間概念或狀態。除此之外，我們發現此句構中的語意間有所關連，另外我們更發現UP和DOWN在本句構中並沒有完全對比的語意。
在本研究中，我們不同於以往研究只專注於一個介系詞或一個片語的分析，而是由三個角度切入探討一個含有雙介系詞的句構，未來期望能將本研究的結果運用在對比學習者對此句構的語言表現，並對介系詞的教學有更多貢獻。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………. iii
Chinese Abstract……………………………………………………………. vii
English Abstract…………………………………………………………….. ix
Chapter
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background and Motivation…………….......................................... 1
1.2 Significance of the Study………………………………………..…. 8
1.3 Organization...................................................................................... 10
2 LITERATURE REVIEW…......................................................................... 11
2.1 Previous Research on Prepositions.................................................... 11
2.2 Semantic Meanings of Prepositions….............................................. 19
2.3 Semantic Meanings of Patterns Containing Prepositions.................. 21
2.3.1 The Verb Preposition Sequence (VP P)…………….…......... 22
2.3.2 The Preposition Noun Sequence (P NP)................................. 24
2.4 Corpus-based Research on Prepositions…………………….……... 27
2.5 Summary of the Chapter.................................................................... 30
3 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................... 33
3.1 Materials............................................................................................ 33
3.2 Data Extraction.................................................................................. 34
3.3 Semantic Meaning Analysis….......................................................... 44
3.3.1 Categorization of Literal Versus Metaphorical Meaning..… 45
3.3.2 Categorization of the First Pattern of [VP Pup/down]………... 47
3.3.3 Categorization of the Second Pattern of [Pin NP]..…………. 53
3.4 Summary of the Chapter.................................................................... 58
4 RESULTS..................................................................................................... 59
4.1 Results of the Semantic Meaning Analysis……......……….…...…. 59
4.1.1 The Literal Versus Metaphorical Meaning……………….... 63
4.1.2 The First Pattern of [VP Pup/down] …….……………...….… 72
4.1.3 The Second Pattern of [Pin NP]…..………….....….…….… 85
4.2 Summary of the Chapter…..……..……..……..………..….………. 99
5 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................. 101
5.1 Major Findings and the Discussion of the Result....………………. 101
6 CONCLUSION………….………………………....................................... 109
6.1 Overall Summary............................................................................... 109
6.2 Implications....................................................................................... 110
6.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Studies…………............... 114
Appendix………………………….……………………………………...…. 119
References……………………….……………………………..…………… 123		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2385929 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099551016en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) BNC英國國家語料庫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動詞片語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 介系詞片語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙介系詞連用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語意分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) BNCen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) two co-occurring prepositionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) semantic meaning analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) verb-preposition sequenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) prepositional phaseen_US
dc.title (題名) 由動詞及UP或DOWN組成之動詞片語與介系詞片語連用之分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Analysis of the co-occurrence of the VP-UP/DOWN construction and the P-NP constructionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alam, Y. S. (2004, May). Decision trees for sense disambiguation of prepositions: Case of over. In Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on Computational Lexical Semantics, pp. 52-59. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Arnold, L.V. (1986). The English Word. Moscow: Viszsaja Skola.
Ayano, S. (2004). The layered internal structure of spatial PPs. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 18(1), 3-27.
Baldwin, T., Beavers, J., Van Der Beek, L., Bond, F., Flickinger, D., & Sag, I. A. (2006). In search of a systematic treatment of determinerless PPs. In Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions (pp. 163-179). Springer Netherlands.
Baldwin, T., & Villavicencio, A. (2002,). Extracting the unextractable: A case study on verb-particles. In proceedings of the 6th conference on Natural language learning-Volume 20, pp. 1-7. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Berez, A. L., & Gries, S. T. (2008). In defense of corpus-based methods: a behavioral profile analysis of polysemous get in English. In Proceedings of the 24th Northwest linguistics conference. University of Washington working papers in linguistics.Vol. 27, pp. 157-166.
Boers, F. (1996). Spatial Prepositions and Metaphor: A Cognitive Semantic Journey Along the Up-down and the Front-back Dimensions: Narr.
Brugman, C.M. (1988). The Story of Over: Polysemy, Semantics, and the Structure of the Lexicon. Taylor & Francis.
Chung, S.F., & Lee, M.C. (2013). Focusing on the Literal and Metaphorical Patterns of Prepositions: Corpus and its Applications. Paper presented at the The Fifth Asian Conference on Education (ACE 2013), Osaka, Japan.
Darwin, C. M, & Gray, L.S. (1999). Going After the Phrasal Verb: An Alternative Approach to Classification. TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 65-83. doi: 10.2307/3588191
Daud, N. M, & Abusa, N. A. (1999). Teaching Prepositions Using a Concordancer. The English Teacher, 28. Retrieved from http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1999/main6.html
Dehé, N. (2002). Verb particle explorations (Vol. 1): Mouton de Gruyter.
Gardner, D. E. E., & Davies, Mark. (2007). Pointing Out Frequent Phrasal Verbs: A Corpus-Based Analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 339-359. doi: 10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00062.x
Garside, R., Leech, G., & Sampson, G. (1987). The Computational Analysis of English: A Corpus-Based Approach: Longman.
Geld, R, & Letica, S. (2011). Centrality of Spce in the Strategic Construal of up in English Particle verbs. In M. Brdar, M. Omazić, G. Buljan, V. Bagarić & T. Gradečak-Erdeljić (Eds.), Space and Time in Language, pp. 145-166. Frankfurt/New York: Peter Lang Verblag.
Girju, R. (2009). The syntax and semantics of prepositions in the task of automatic interpretation of nominal phrases and compounds: A cross-linguistic study. Computational Linguistics, 35(2), 185-228.
Grabowski, Joachim, & Miller, George A. (2000). Factors Affecting the Use of Dimensional Prepositions in German and American English: Object Orientation, Social Context, and Prepositional Pattern. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 29(5), 517-553.
Granger, S. (2002). A bird’s-eye view of learner corpus research. Computer learner corpora, second language acquisition and foreign language teaching, 3-33.
Herskovits, A. (1986). Language and Spatial Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Prepositions in English. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hoffmann, S, Evert, S, Smith, N, Lee, D, & Prytz, B. (2008). Corpus Linguistics with BNCweb: A Practial Guide. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Hying, C. (2007, June). A corpus-based analysis of geometric constraints on projective prepositions. In Proceedings of the Fourth ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions, pp. 1-8. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Jon, P, & Fletcher, J. (2004). Differetiating Types of Verb Particle Constructions. Paper presented at the The Australasian Language Technology Workshop.
Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason: University Press.
Klégr, A. (2009). English Equivalents of the Most Frequent Czech Prepositions. A Contrastive Corpus-based Study. In Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics Conference 2009 (CL2009), p. 40.
Koosha, M., & Jafarpour, A. A. (2006). Data-driven learning and teaching collocation of prepositions: The case of Iranian EFL adult learners. Asian EFL journal, 8(4), 192-209.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of cognitive grammar, I, theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Celce-Murcia, M. (1999). The grammar book: An ESL/EFL teacher’s course (2nd ed.): Heinle & Heinle.
Lee, M.C., & Chung, S.F. (2013). A Corpus-based, Multi-level Analysis of Prepositions in VP-down in-NP Constructions. Paper presented at the The 2013 International Conference on Applied Linguistics (APLX2013), Taipei, Taiwan.
Leech, G.N, Rayson, P, & Wilson, A. (2001). Word frequencies in written and spoken English: Longman.
Lindner, S. (1981). A Lexico-Semantic Analysis of English Verb Particle Constructions withouth “out” and “up”. (Ph.D.), University of California, San Diego. Available from Open Library
Lindstromberg, S. (2010). English Prepositions Explained. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Lipka, Leonhard. (1972). Semantic Structure and Word-formation: Verb-particle Constructions in Contemporary English: Wilhelm Fink.
Marshall, I. (1983). Choice of Grammatical Word-class Without Global Syntactic Analysis: Tagging Words in the LOB Corpus. Computers and the Humanities, 17(3), 139-150.
Merlo, P., Crocker, M.W., & Berthouzoz, C. (1997). Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized backed-off estimation. Paper presented at the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.
Morgenstern, A., & Sekali, M. (2009). What Can Child Language Yell us about Prepositions?. Studies in Language and Cognition, 261-275.
Mueller, C. M. (2011). English learners’ knowledge of prepositions: Collocational knowledge or knowledge based on meaning?. System, 39(4), 480-490.
Mukundan, J., & Roslim, N. (2009). Textbook representation of prepositions.English language teaching, 2(4), P13.
Otani, N. (2006). The Conceptual Basis of the Particles Up and Down in English: Asymmetries in Vertical Axis. Linguistic Science, 12, 95-115.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S, Leech, G, & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive grammar of the English language. England: Longman.
Pantel, P., & Lin, D. (2000). An unsupervised approach to prepositional phrase attachment using contextually similar words. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics.
Paulussen, H. (1995). Corpus-based analysis of prepositions in English, Dutch and French. status: published.
Potter, S. (1965). English phrasal verbs. Philologica pragensia, 8(23), 285-289.
Retz-Schmidt, G. (1988). Various views on spatial prepositions. AI magazine,9(2), 95.
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