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題名 電視台國際新聞編譯的專家生手研究
A Study of Experts and Novices: Using International News Journalists From UDN TV As An Example
作者 魏毅
貢獻者 陳憶寧
魏毅
關鍵詞 Expert-novice
International news
International news journalists
Journalistic expertise
Problem solving
Knowledge structure
日期 2013
上傳時間 1-Jul-2014 12:16:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 International news is deemed to be one of the best channels for the public to get access to the information about the world. As media being the channels of disseminating international news, the way that international issues and affairs are reported, selected, and the volume and quality of international news being aired shape and influence citizens’ view toward the world. However, it is indicated that the portions of international news both on newspapers and TV were little was due to low visibility from the audience and even ignorance, and there is a need for more academic attentions.
With regards to this, this research anticipated analyzing what make a novice journalist of international news become an expert, and what contribute to the differences between an expert and a novice journalist of international news.
This study tried to come up with a better understanding toward international news journalists in terms of knowledge structure and problem solving strategies, and to propose a brief guideline for become an international news journalist equipped with expertise.
This study expected to appropriate participant observation to understand what makes an expert or a novice; namely, what contributes to the differences that lie in between international news journalists in terms of journalistic expertise. Aside from participant observation, in-depth interviews were also conducted.
It is hoped that this research can shed some light on the research of experts and novices combining with journalism, and provide some contribution to the education of international news and journalism.
參考文獻 Arias, I., & Beach, R. H. (1987). Validity of Self-Reports of Marital Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 2, 139-149.
Atkinson, P., & Hammersley, M. (1994). Ethnography and Participant Observation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 248-261). London: Sage Publication.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Boczkowski, P. J. (2010). News at work: Imitation in an age of information abundance. Chicage: The University of Chicago Press.
Chan, J. M., Lee, C. C., Pan, Z., & So, C. Y. K. (2002). Domesticating International News: A Comparative Study of the Coverage on the Homg Kong Handover. Mass Communication Research, 73, 1-27.
Chang, C. H., & Chang, A. M. (2006). The Missing Report-The Systematic Source Bias of Communist China`s News and How to Counter it in Taiwan`s Newspapers. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Chang, W. C. (2009). Interactions of Journalists and media organizations. Taipei: Showwe Information CO.
Chen, H. (2009). The relationship of TV news reporters’ jobstress, physical and mental healthThe relationship of TV news reporters’ job and stress, physical and mental health leisure activities. (Master), Asia University.
Chen, P. (2004). How Journalists Gather Information？An Explorative Study. Bulletin of Library and Information Science, 51, 35-48.
Chen, S. K. (1997). Problem-Soving in News Editing: An Examination of Expert and Novice Theory. Mass Communication Research, 54, 237-268.
Chung, W. W., & Tsang, K. J. (1994). How to Become Experts? Conversations of Journaliam. Taipei: Graduate Institute of Journalism, NCCU.
Dattilio, F. M. (2010). Examining the Scope and Concept of Schema: Should We Look Beyond Cognitive Structures? Psychological Topics 19, 2, 221-234.
Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. (2003). Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 94-118.
Hsu, L. C. (2009). The jobless journalists in Taiwan:True stories. (Master), National Chengchi University.
Hsu, Y., & Tsai, H. F. (2008). Discourse Analysis on News Dramatization in the US. In H. F. Tsai & S. Y. Liu (Eds.), Truth and Construction: Practices of International News Theories (pp. 34-53). Beijing: University of Communication, China.
Huang, S. S. (2008). In Name of Publicness: Roles of Journalists and Intellectuals. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Hung, C. L., Liao, Y. C., & Lin, F. J. (2007). The Domestication and Tabloidization of International News: How Taiwan`s Newspapers cover the WTO meeting in Hong Kong. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Jorgensen, D. L. (1989). Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies. Florida: Sage Publications.
Kafadar, H. (2012). Cognitive Model of Problem Solving. Paper presented at the Yeni Symposium, Aralik.
Lee, C. (1986). International Communication. Taipei: San-Ming.
Lee, M. (2002). A Study on the Content and Determinants of Foreign News Coverage of Ten Taiwanese Television Media. Journal of Communication & Culture.
Lee, M. (2005a). The Content and Determinants of Foreign News Coverage in Four Major Taiwanese Newspapers, 1988~1999. Mass Communication Research, 85, 111-139.
Lee, M. (2005b). A Study of Production and Quality of International News Program: Using PTS as The Example. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Liang, Y. F. (1990). A Research of News Schema: An Examination on Knowledge Structure of Experts and Novices. (Master), National Chengchi University.
Lin, F. M. (2006). Celebrities and Journalists: Explanations on Cultural Laborism. Taipei: Showwe Information CO.
Liu, H. L. (2012). For the Public or for Convenience? A Study of the Use of Online Videos in Television News. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Lo, W. H., & Chen, T. W. (2004). News Journalists on the change-China, Homg Kong, and Taiwan. Taipei: Liwen.
Lo, Y. C. (2008). Organizational Control of International News in Taiwan’s Newspapers: Translator``s Professional Autonomy and Response against Control. (Master), National Taiwan University.
Lo, Y. C. (2013). The Transition of International News Narrative under Digital Convergence: A Case Study of Apply Daily`s Animated News. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Lo, Y. C., Liu, J. W., & Yeh, C. C. (2010). International Between Organization Control and News Professional Autonomy: International News Editor/Translators at Taiwan Newspapers. Mass Communication Research, 102, 113-150.
McQuail, D. (2011). McQuail`s Mass Communication Theory (Y. Y. Chem & H. W. Liu, Trans.). Taipei: Webber.
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. NJ: Prentice Hall.
Peng, C. F. (1979). Journalism. Taipei: NOU.
Reinemann, C. (2004). Routine reliance revisited: exploring media importance for German political journalists. Journalism & Mass Communication, 81(4), 857-876.
Schunn, C. D., McGregor, M. U., & Saner, L. D. (2005). Expertise in ill-definded Problem-Solving Domains as Effective Strategy Use. Memory & Cognition, 33(8), 1377-1387.
Segal, Z. (1988). Appraisal of the Self-Schema: Constructs of the Cognitive Model of Depression. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 147-162.
Selden, A., & Selden, J. (1997). What Does It Take to Be An Expert Problem Solver?
Shoamaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd Ed.). New York: Longman.
Song, Z. X. (2001). From the Periphery to the Center: On China`s International Information and Communication Strategies in a Globalizing Context. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Tang, A. H., & Hsu, C. Y. (2008). 中國市場化報紙國際新聞現狀調查報告Reports on International News Status Quo and Market-oriented Newspapers in China. In H. F. Tsai & S. Y. Liu (Eds.), Truth and Construction: Practices of International News Theories (pp. 3-19). Beijing: University of Communication, China.
Tang, S. Y. (2006). A study of Tabloidization in International News Coverage of Taiwan Newspapers. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2010). Mass Media Research: An Introduction: Wadsworth.
Young, J. E. (1990). Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Approach. . Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
101461009
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1014610091
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳憶寧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 魏毅zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 魏毅zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2014 12:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2014 12:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2014 12:16:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1014610091en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/67162-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101461009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) International news is deemed to be one of the best channels for the public to get access to the information about the world. As media being the channels of disseminating international news, the way that international issues and affairs are reported, selected, and the volume and quality of international news being aired shape and influence citizens’ view toward the world. However, it is indicated that the portions of international news both on newspapers and TV were little was due to low visibility from the audience and even ignorance, and there is a need for more academic attentions.
With regards to this, this research anticipated analyzing what make a novice journalist of international news become an expert, and what contribute to the differences between an expert and a novice journalist of international news.
This study tried to come up with a better understanding toward international news journalists in terms of knowledge structure and problem solving strategies, and to propose a brief guideline for become an international news journalist equipped with expertise.
This study expected to appropriate participant observation to understand what makes an expert or a novice; namely, what contributes to the differences that lie in between international news journalists in terms of journalistic expertise. Aside from participant observation, in-depth interviews were also conducted.
It is hoped that this research can shed some light on the research of experts and novices combining with journalism, and provide some contribution to the education of international news and journalism.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Introduction 1
Literature review 6
TV News Journalists 6
International news and journalistic expertise 8
International news production and routines 11
Expert-novice, knowledge structure, and problem solving 15
Methodology 29
Design 30
Participant 32
Data collection 35
Analysis 36
Ethical considerations 37
Results 38
Interpretations of observations 38
Differences of performance in terms of problem solving 47
I. Initial status 48
II. Target status 51
Differences in terms of problem solving strategy 54
Differences of knowledge structures 56
I. Domain knowledge 56
II. Contextual knowledge 58
III. Procedural knowledge 59
Other findings 61
Depth of knowledge (specialty) 61
Well-performed working habits 64
Conclusion 67
References 79
Appendix I: Outline Question Items for Interviews 83		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5177968 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1014610091en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Expert-noviceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International newsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International news journalistsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Journalistic expertiseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Problem solvingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knowledge structureen_US
dc.title (題名) 電視台國際新聞編譯的專家生手研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study of Experts and Novices: Using International News Journalists From UDN TV As An Exampleen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arias, I., & Beach, R. H. (1987). Validity of Self-Reports of Marital Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 2, 139-149.
Atkinson, P., & Hammersley, M. (1994). Ethnography and Participant Observation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 248-261). London: Sage Publication.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Boczkowski, P. J. (2010). News at work: Imitation in an age of information abundance. Chicage: The University of Chicago Press.
Chan, J. M., Lee, C. C., Pan, Z., & So, C. Y. K. (2002). Domesticating International News: A Comparative Study of the Coverage on the Homg Kong Handover. Mass Communication Research, 73, 1-27.
Chang, C. H., & Chang, A. M. (2006). The Missing Report-The Systematic Source Bias of Communist China`s News and How to Counter it in Taiwan`s Newspapers. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Chang, W. C. (2009). Interactions of Journalists and media organizations. Taipei: Showwe Information CO.
Chen, H. (2009). The relationship of TV news reporters’ jobstress, physical and mental healthThe relationship of TV news reporters’ job and stress, physical and mental health leisure activities. (Master), Asia University.
Chen, P. (2004). How Journalists Gather Information？An Explorative Study. Bulletin of Library and Information Science, 51, 35-48.
Chen, S. K. (1997). Problem-Soving in News Editing: An Examination of Expert and Novice Theory. Mass Communication Research, 54, 237-268.
Chung, W. W., & Tsang, K. J. (1994). How to Become Experts? Conversations of Journaliam. Taipei: Graduate Institute of Journalism, NCCU.
Dattilio, F. M. (2010). Examining the Scope and Concept of Schema: Should We Look Beyond Cognitive Structures? Psychological Topics 19, 2, 221-234.
Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. (2003). Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 94-118.
Hsu, L. C. (2009). The jobless journalists in Taiwan:True stories. (Master), National Chengchi University.
Hsu, Y., & Tsai, H. F. (2008). Discourse Analysis on News Dramatization in the US. In H. F. Tsai & S. Y. Liu (Eds.), Truth and Construction: Practices of International News Theories (pp. 34-53). Beijing: University of Communication, China.
Huang, S. S. (2008). In Name of Publicness: Roles of Journalists and Intellectuals. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Hung, C. L., Liao, Y. C., & Lin, F. J. (2007). The Domestication and Tabloidization of International News: How Taiwan`s Newspapers cover the WTO meeting in Hong Kong. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Jorgensen, D. L. (1989). Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies. Florida: Sage Publications.
Kafadar, H. (2012). Cognitive Model of Problem Solving. Paper presented at the Yeni Symposium, Aralik.
Lee, C. (1986). International Communication. Taipei: San-Ming.
Lee, M. (2002). A Study on the Content and Determinants of Foreign News Coverage of Ten Taiwanese Television Media. Journal of Communication & Culture.
Lee, M. (2005a). The Content and Determinants of Foreign News Coverage in Four Major Taiwanese Newspapers, 1988~1999. Mass Communication Research, 85, 111-139.
Lee, M. (2005b). A Study of Production and Quality of International News Program: Using PTS as The Example. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Liang, Y. F. (1990). A Research of News Schema: An Examination on Knowledge Structure of Experts and Novices. (Master), National Chengchi University.
Lin, F. M. (2006). Celebrities and Journalists: Explanations on Cultural Laborism. Taipei: Showwe Information CO.
Liu, H. L. (2012). For the Public or for Convenience? A Study of the Use of Online Videos in Television News. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Lo, W. H., & Chen, T. W. (2004). News Journalists on the change-China, Homg Kong, and Taiwan. Taipei: Liwen.
Lo, Y. C. (2008). Organizational Control of International News in Taiwan’s Newspapers: Translator``s Professional Autonomy and Response against Control. (Master), National Taiwan University.
Lo, Y. C. (2013). The Transition of International News Narrative under Digital Convergence: A Case Study of Apply Daily`s Animated News. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Lo, Y. C., Liu, J. W., & Yeh, C. C. (2010). International Between Organization Control and News Professional Autonomy: International News Editor/Translators at Taiwan Newspapers. Mass Communication Research, 102, 113-150.
McQuail, D. (2011). McQuail`s Mass Communication Theory (Y. Y. Chem & H. W. Liu, Trans.). Taipei: Webber.
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. NJ: Prentice Hall.
Peng, C. F. (1979). Journalism. Taipei: NOU.
Reinemann, C. (2004). Routine reliance revisited: exploring media importance for German political journalists. Journalism & Mass Communication, 81(4), 857-876.
Schunn, C. D., McGregor, M. U., & Saner, L. D. (2005). Expertise in ill-definded Problem-Solving Domains as Effective Strategy Use. Memory & Cognition, 33(8), 1377-1387.
Segal, Z. (1988). Appraisal of the Self-Schema: Constructs of the Cognitive Model of Depression. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 147-162.
Selden, A., & Selden, J. (1997). What Does It Take to Be An Expert Problem Solver?
Shoamaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content (2nd Ed.). New York: Longman.
Song, Z. X. (2001). From the Periphery to the Center: On China`s International Information and Communication Strategies in a Globalizing Context. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Tang, A. H., & Hsu, C. Y. (2008). 中國市場化報紙國際新聞現狀調查報告Reports on International News Status Quo and Market-oriented Newspapers in China. In H. F. Tsai & S. Y. Liu (Eds.), Truth and Construction: Practices of International News Theories (pp. 3-19). Beijing: University of Communication, China.
Tang, S. Y. (2006). A study of Tabloidization in International News Coverage of Taiwan Newspapers. Paper presented at the Chinese Communication Society.
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2010). Mass Media Research: An Introduction: Wadsworth.
Young, J. E. (1990). Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema Focused Approach. . Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.		zh_TW