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題名 降低對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的偏見方案：以可控制性切入
Prejudice reduction interventions toward people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS:The role of controllability
作者 郭育培
Kuo, Yu Pei
貢獻者 李怡青
Lee, I Ching
郭育培
Kuo, Yu Pei
關鍵詞 降低偏見
肥胖者
愛滋感染者
可控制性
認知失調
熟悉感
prejudice reduction
people with obesity
people with HIV/AIDS
controllability
cognitive dissonance
familiarity
日期 2013
上傳時間 29-Jul-2014 16:10:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 偏見不只影響遭受者的身心健康，也違背社會正義，為了改善這樣的狀況，研究者們致力於發展降低偏見的方案。不過這些降低偏見的方案通常針對種族或性別群體，卻甚少關心肥胖者與愛滋感染者。肥胖者、愛滋感染者不僅受研究社群忽視，他們在生活中亦不受重視（如醫療體系），因此本論文著眼降低人們對肥胖者、愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一發展降低偏見方案，透過撰寫支持肥胖者或愛滋感染者的短文，引發人們言行不一的認知失調感，可能進而改變其原本對肥胖者或愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一的結果顯示，只有撰寫愛滋主題的參與者其愛滋偏見分數低於其他組別，也就是說他們的行為違反本身對愛滋感染者的既有態度而產生認知失調，透過降低愛滋偏見來化解認知失調之不適感。不過，撰寫肥胖主題的參與者，其肥胖偏見分數則與各組無異，也就是說這種降低偏見的方案對肥胖者的偏見無影響。預試二發現，相對於愛滋感染者，肥胖者通常被視為較可控制自己身屬於該社會群體的命運（可控制性），且其較需為自己的遭遇負責。為了檢視人們認為肥胖者與愛滋感染者可控制性的差異，是否影響偏見方案的效果，研究二除了改良研究一的降低偏見方案外，更操弄可控制性的高低。研究二發現可控制性會調節降低偏見方案的效果－當人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己可以控制時，降低偏見方案的效果較弱；反之，若人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己不能控制的，則降低偏見的效果較強。不過，撰寫肥胖主題文章的參與者則無此效果。這樣的差異或許是因為人們對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的熟悉程度有所不同。相較於愛滋感染者，人們對肥胖者較為熟悉，對其態度不容易改變，不論是接受高可控或低可控的訊息操弄，都無法改變人們對肥胖者的想法。根據本論文結果，認知失調適合降低人們較不熟悉與視其較為不可控的社會群體，如愛滋感染者，不適合應用在人們較熟悉的社會群體，如肥胖者。本論文進一步討論降低偏見方案執行困難的原因，並提出可能的建議與後續的研究方向。
Prejudice and discrimination may have negative consequences on subordinate group members’ physical and mental health, and prejudice and discrimination also violate social justice. To deal with these problems, researchers have dedicated to develop various interventions to counter prejudice and discrimination. However, most of these interventions focus on racial and gender minorities, and researchers largely ignore people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an intervention that could reduce prejudice against people with obesity, as well as to reduce prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS. According to cognitive dissonance theory, when people’s attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, they feel uncomfortable and in turn change their attitudes to eliminate the inconsistency (Festinger, 1957). Following the basic ideas in cognitive dissonance theory, in Study 1, I randomly assigned participants to write presumably counter-attitudinal essays, in which they write about people with obesity or people with HIV/AIDS (to advocate allocating more resources to them), or school policy change (a control group). The results showed that after writing about people with HIV/AIDS, participants displayed significantly lower prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS than participants in other conditions. However, after writing about people with obesity, participants’ prejudice against people with obesity remained at similar levels as participants in other conditions. According to findings in the second pilot study, the diverging findings in Study 1 may be due to that people with obesity were considered having more controllability and responsibility than people with HIV/AIDS. To further explore the effects of levels of controllability on intervention, I revised Study 1’s intervention and added a manipulation of controllability on people with obesity or on people with HIV/AIDS. The findings showed that controllability manipulation moderated the intervention effect on people with HIV/AIDS, but had no effect on people with obesity. Because participants were more familiar with people with obesity than with people with HIV/AIDS, it is possible that attitudes toward a familiar social group are more difficult to be changed than the attitudes toward an unfamiliar social group, The results suggested that interventions based on cognitive dissonance principle have effects on unfamiliar social groups, such as people with HIV/AIDS. Obstacles with prejudice reduction interventions were further discussed; suggestions and future research directions were offered.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
98752013
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0987520132
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李怡青zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, I Chingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭育培zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kuo, Yu Peien_US
dc.creator (作者) 郭育培zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kuo, Yu Peien_US
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Jul-2014 16:10:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Jul-2014 16:10:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Jul-2014 16:10:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0987520132en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/67898-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98752013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 偏見不只影響遭受者的身心健康，也違背社會正義，為了改善這樣的狀況，研究者們致力於發展降低偏見的方案。不過這些降低偏見的方案通常針對種族或性別群體，卻甚少關心肥胖者與愛滋感染者。肥胖者、愛滋感染者不僅受研究社群忽視，他們在生活中亦不受重視（如醫療體系），因此本論文著眼降低人們對肥胖者、愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一發展降低偏見方案，透過撰寫支持肥胖者或愛滋感染者的短文，引發人們言行不一的認知失調感，可能進而改變其原本對肥胖者或愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一的結果顯示，只有撰寫愛滋主題的參與者其愛滋偏見分數低於其他組別，也就是說他們的行為違反本身對愛滋感染者的既有態度而產生認知失調，透過降低愛滋偏見來化解認知失調之不適感。不過，撰寫肥胖主題的參與者，其肥胖偏見分數則與各組無異，也就是說這種降低偏見的方案對肥胖者的偏見無影響。預試二發現，相對於愛滋感染者，肥胖者通常被視為較可控制自己身屬於該社會群體的命運（可控制性），且其較需為自己的遭遇負責。為了檢視人們認為肥胖者與愛滋感染者可控制性的差異，是否影響偏見方案的效果，研究二除了改良研究一的降低偏見方案外，更操弄可控制性的高低。研究二發現可控制性會調節降低偏見方案的效果－當人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己可以控制時，降低偏見方案的效果較弱；反之，若人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己不能控制的，則降低偏見的效果較強。不過，撰寫肥胖主題文章的參與者則無此效果。這樣的差異或許是因為人們對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的熟悉程度有所不同。相較於愛滋感染者，人們對肥胖者較為熟悉，對其態度不容易改變，不論是接受高可控或低可控的訊息操弄，都無法改變人們對肥胖者的想法。根據本論文結果，認知失調適合降低人們較不熟悉與視其較為不可控的社會群體，如愛滋感染者，不適合應用在人們較熟悉的社會群體，如肥胖者。本論文進一步討論降低偏見方案執行困難的原因，並提出可能的建議與後續的研究方向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Prejudice and discrimination may have negative consequences on subordinate group members’ physical and mental health, and prejudice and discrimination also violate social justice. To deal with these problems, researchers have dedicated to develop various interventions to counter prejudice and discrimination. However, most of these interventions focus on racial and gender minorities, and researchers largely ignore people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an intervention that could reduce prejudice against people with obesity, as well as to reduce prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS. According to cognitive dissonance theory, when people’s attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, they feel uncomfortable and in turn change their attitudes to eliminate the inconsistency (Festinger, 1957). Following the basic ideas in cognitive dissonance theory, in Study 1, I randomly assigned participants to write presumably counter-attitudinal essays, in which they write about people with obesity or people with HIV/AIDS (to advocate allocating more resources to them), or school policy change (a control group). The results showed that after writing about people with HIV/AIDS, participants displayed significantly lower prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS than participants in other conditions. However, after writing about people with obesity, participants’ prejudice against people with obesity remained at similar levels as participants in other conditions. According to findings in the second pilot study, the diverging findings in Study 1 may be due to that people with obesity were considered having more controllability and responsibility than people with HIV/AIDS. To further explore the effects of levels of controllability on intervention, I revised Study 1’s intervention and added a manipulation of controllability on people with obesity or on people with HIV/AIDS. The findings showed that controllability manipulation moderated the intervention effect on people with HIV/AIDS, but had no effect on people with obesity. Because participants were more familiar with people with obesity than with people with HIV/AIDS, it is possible that attitudes toward a familiar social group are more difficult to be changed than the attitudes toward an unfamiliar social group, The results suggested that interventions based on cognitive dissonance principle have effects on unfamiliar social groups, such as people with HIV/AIDS. Obstacles with prejudice reduction interventions were further discussed; suggestions and future research directions were offered.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 壹、 降低偏見的相關研究 4
貳、基於認知失調發展的降低偏見方案 8
參、 可控制性與責任歸屬 10
肆、研究問題與假設 12
預試一 14
方法與結果 14
預試二 15
方法 16
研究參與者 16
研究材料 16
結果 16
熟悉感 16
可控制性與責任歸屬 17
群際情緒 21
討論 22
研究一 25
方法 25
研究參與者 25
研究設計 25
研究材料 26
研究程序 27
結果 27
操弄檢核 27
假設檢驗 28
討論 28
研究二 30
方法 30
研究參與者 30
研究設計 30
研究材料 30
研究程序 32
結果 33
操弄檢核 33
假設檢驗 34
輔助分析 36
討論 36
綜合討論 38
參考文獻 42
附錄一：預試一問卷 50
附錄二：預試二問卷（以肥胖者為例） 52
附錄三：研究一指導語 53
附錄四：肥胖偏見量表 55
附錄五：愛滋偏見量表 56
附錄六：研究二指導語 57
附錄七：團體感量表（以肥胖者為例） 60
圖1 62
圖2 63		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1558722 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0987520132en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 降低偏見zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 肥胖者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 愛滋感染者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可控制性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知失調zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 熟悉感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) prejudice reductionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) people with obesityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) people with HIV/AIDSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) controllabilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitive dissonanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) familiarityen_US
dc.title (題名) 降低對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的偏見方案：以可控制性切入zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Prejudice reduction interventions toward people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS:The role of controllabilityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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