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題名 自閉症類兒童理解他人前置意圖研究
Understanding other`s Prior Intention in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder作者 洪兆怡 貢獻者 黃啟泰<br>姜忠信
洪兆怡關鍵詞 前置意圖
脈絡情境
自閉症類兒童
意圖理解日期 2013 上傳時間 29-Jul-2014 16:11:20 (UTC+8) 摘要 雖然過去研究發現兒童要能正確推論他人對世界的特定信念（belief）之前，需先具備對他的意圖理解能力，但是有鑑於自閉症類兒童較難通過相同心智年齡兒童可以通過的錯誤信念作業（false belief task），而針對探討他們意圖理解能力的研究發現又不甚一致，所以本研究欲延續Carpenter等人（2002）前置意圖典範的脈絡情境（context condition）設計，重新探討自閉症類兒童的意圖理解能力。研究設計採用受試者內設計（within-subjects design），對象為24位平均生理年齡3歲10個月的自閉症類兒童，以及配對相同發展年齡為2歲半的16位發展遲緩兒童與24位一般發展兒童，過程中三組兒童皆須參與前置意圖提示情境（Prior Intention Condition）與無前置意圖提示情境（No Prior Intention Condition）作業內容，以了解他們於不同情境的觀察學習表現。研究結果發現自閉症類兒童在前置意圖提示情境的作業表現顯著比另兩組兒童差，且於不同意圖情境的表現無顯著差異；相對地，研究發現一般發展與發展遲緩組兒童則是在前置意圖提示情境的表現顯著的比無前置意圖提示情境來得好，可能說明一般發展與發展遲緩兒童似乎能受惠於前置意圖線索而增進表現，但是自閉症類兒童卻可能存在較難藉由觀察脈絡線索理解他人意圖並提升學習表現的困難。 參考文獻 內政部（民93年6月3日）。兒童及少年福利法施行細則吳進欽、姜忠信（2011）。自閉症類幼兒標準化發展測驗的表現。應用心理研究，15-40。楊明杉（民91）。高功能自閉症兒童理解他人意圖能力之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中正大學心理學研究所，嘉義縣。American Psychiatric Association (2002). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders – Text Revision(4th ed - TR). Washington DC: AuthorAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed ). Washington DC: AuthorAldridge, M. A., Stone, K. R., Sweeney, M. H., & Bower, T. G. R. (2000). Preverbal children with autism understand the intentions of others. Developmental science, 3, 294-301.Anscombe, G. E. M. (1957). Intention. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Astington, J. W. (1991). Intention in child’s theory of mind. In Children`s Theories of Mind: Mental States and Social Understanding, 157-172.Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21, 37-46.Bellagamba, F., & Tomasello, M. (1999). Re-enacting intended acts: Comparing 12- and 18-month-olds. Infant behavior and development, 22, 277-282.Behne, Tanya, Malinda Carpenter, and Michael Tomasello. "One‐year‐olds comprehend the communicative intentions behind gestures in a hiding game."Developmental science 8.6 (2005): 492-499.Birch, S. A. J., Vauthier, S. A., & Bloom, P. (2008). Three and four-year-olds spontaneously use others’past performance to guide their learning. Cognition, 107, 1018-1034.Bird, G., Brindley, R., Leighton, J., & Heyes, C. (2007). General processes, rather than ”goals,” explain imitation errors. Journal of experimental psychology, 33, 1158-1169.Boria, S., Fabbri-Destro, M., Cattaneo, L., Sparaci, L., Singaglia, C., Santelli,. E., Cossu, G., & Rixxolatti, G. (2009). Intention Understanding in Autism. Plos one, 4, 1-8.Brass, M., Schmitt, R. M., Spengler, S., & Gergely, G. (2007). Investigating action understanding: Inferential processes versus action simulation. Current biology, 17, 2117-2122. Buresh & Woodward (2007). Infants track action goals within and across agents. Cognition, 104, 287-314.Carpenter, M., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2002). Understanding “prior intentions” enables two–year–olds to imitatively learn a complex task. Child development,73, 1431-1441.Carpenter, M., Akhtar, N. & Tomasello, M. (1998). Fourteen-through 18-month-old Infants Differentially Imitate Intentional and Accidental Action. Infant behavior and development, 2, 315-330.Carpenter, M., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2002). Understanding ”Prior Intentions” Enables Two-Year-Olds to Imitatively Learn a Complex Task. Child development, 73, 1431-1441.Carpenter, M., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (2001). Understanding of Others’ Intention in Children With Autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 31, 589-599.Dapretto, M., Davies, M. S., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Iacoboni, M. (2006). Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature neuroscience, 9, 28-30.D’Entremont, B., & Yazbek, A. (2007). Imitation of intentional and accidental actions by children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1665-1678.Feinfield, K. A., Lee, P. P., Flavell, E. R., Green, F. L. & Flavell, J. H. (1999). Young children’s understanding of intention. Cognitive development, 14, 463-486.Frith, U., & Frith, C. D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 459-473.Frith, U. (2004). Emanuel Miller lecture: Confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 45, 672-686.Hamilton, A. F. (2008). Emulation and mimicry for social interaction: A theorectical approach to imitation in autism. The quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 61, 101-115.Hamilton, A. F. (2009). Research review: Goals, intentions and mental states: challenges for theories of autism. The journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 50, 881-892.Hamilton, A. F., Brindley, R. M., & Frith, U. (2007). Imitaiotn and action understanding in autistic spectrum disorder:How valid is the hypothesis of a deficit in the mirror neuron system? Neuropsychologia, 45, 1859-1868.Hamlin, J. K., Hallinan, E. V., & Woodward, A. L. (2008). Do as I do: 7-month-old infants selectively reproduce others’ goal. Developmental science, 11, 487-494.Heyes, C. Y. & Ray, E. D. (2002). Distinguishing intention-sensitive from outcome-sensitive imitation. Developmental science, 5, 34-36Hobson, R. P., & Lee, A. (1999). Imitation and identification in autism. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 42, 649-659.Huang, C. T., Heyes, C., & Charman, T. (2002). Infants` behavioral reenactment of" failed attempts": exploring the roles of emulation learning, stimulus enhancement, and understanding of intentions. Developmental Psychology,38, 840.Huang, C. T., (2013). Contexts of a person’s prior intentions facilitate observational learning in 2.5-year-old children. Cognitive Development, 28, 374-385. Gergely, G., Bekkering, H., & Király, I. (2002). Developmental psychology: Rational imitation in preverbal infants. Nature, 415, 755-755.Happé, F. G. (1993). Communicative competence and theory of mind in autism: A test of relevance theory. Cognition, 48, 101-119.Iacoboni , M,. & Dapretto, M. (2006). The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction. Nature reviews neuroscience, 7, 942-951.Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2005). Grasping the intentions of others with one`s own mirror neuron system. PLoS biology, 3, e79.Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Maziotta, J. C., & Rizolatti, G. (1999). Cortical Mechanisms of Human Imitation, Science, 24, 2526-2528Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of general psychiatry,59, 809-816.Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217-250McGuigan, N., Whiten, A., Flynn, E., & Horner, V. (2007). Imitation of causally opaque versus causally transparent tool use by 3-and 5-year-old children. Cognitive Development, 22, 353-364.McGuigan, N., & Whiten, A. (2009). Emulation and “overemulation” in the social learning of causally opaque versus causally transparent tool use by 23-and 30-month-olds. Journal of experimental child psychology, 104, 367-381.Meltzoff, A. N. (1995) Understanding the intentions of Others: Re-Enactment of Intended Acts by 18-month-old Children. Developmental psychology, 31, 838-850.Meltzoff A. N. (1988). Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli. Developmental psychology, 24, 470-476.Nurmsoo, E., & Robinson, E. J. (2009). Identifying unreliable informants: Do children excuse past inaccuracy? Developmental science, 12, 41-47.Oberman, L. M.,,T, Hubbard, E. M., McCleery, J. P., Altschuler, E. L., Ramachandran, V. S., & Pineda, J. A. (2005). EEG evidence for mirror neuron dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Cognitive brain research, 24, 190-198.Povinelli, D. J., Reaux, J. E., Bierschwale, D. T., Allain, A. D., & Simon, B. B. (1997). Exploitation of pointing as a referential gesture in young children, but not adolescent chimpanzees. Cognitive Development, 12, 423-461.Phillips, W., Baron-Cohen, S., & Rutter, M. (1998). Understanding Intention in normal development and in autism. British journal of developmental psychology, 16, 337-348.Pierno, A. C., Mari, M., Glover, S., Georgiou, I., & Castiello. (2006). Failure to read motor intentions from gaze in children with autism. Neuropsychologia, 44, 1483-1488.Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism. Developmental psychopathology, 3, 137-162.Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S. L., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. (2003). Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorder. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 44, 763-781.Russell, J., & Hill, E. L. (2001). Action-monitoring and Intention Reporting in Children with Autism. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 42, 317-328.Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive brain research, 3, 131-141.Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 661-670.Sanefuji, W., Hashiya, K., Takura, S., & Ohgami, H. (2004). Emergence of the understanding of the other’s intention: Re-enactment of intended acts from “Failed-attempts”in 12-to-24- month olds. Psychologia, 47, 10-17.Stone, W. L., Ousley, O. Y., & Littleford, C. D. (1997). Motor imitation in young children with autism: What`s the object?. Journal of abnormal child psychology,25, 475-485.Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality: An essay in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Sommerville, J.A., & Woodward, A.L. (2005a). Pulling out the intentional structure of action: The relation between action processing and action production in infancy. Cognition, 95, 1-30.Sommerville, J. A., & Crane, C. C. (2009). Ten-month-old infants use prioi information to identify an actor’s goal. Developmental psychology, 12, 314-325.Somogyi, E., Király, I., Gergely, G., & Nadel, J. (2013). Understanding goals and intentions in low-functioning autism. Research in developmental disabilities,34, 3822-3832.Southgate, V., & de C Hamilton, A. F. (2008). Unbroken mirrors: Challenging a theory of autism. Trends in cognitive sciences, 12, 225-229.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-446, 118 Stat. 2744Tomasello, M., Kruger, A. C., & Ratner, H. H. (1993). Cultural learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 495-552.Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J. , Behne, T., & Moll, H. (2005). Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition. Behavior and brain sciences, 28, 1-16.Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta‐analysis of theory‐of‐mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Development, 72, 655-684Wellman, H. M., & Bartsch, K. (1988). Young children’s reasoning about beliefs. Cognition, 30, 239–277.Williams, J. H. G., Whiten, A., & Singh, T. (2004). A systematic review of action imitation in austic spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and development disorders, 34, 285-299.Williams, J. H. G., Whiten, A., Suddendorf, T., & Perrett, D. I. (2001). Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 25, 287-295.Williamson, R. A., Meltzoff, A. N., & Markman, E. M. (2008). Prior experiences and perceived efficacy influence 3-year-olds’ imitation. Developmental psychology, 44, 275-285.Wu, C. C., Chiang, C. H., & Hou, Y. M. (2011). A two time point study of imitative abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of applied research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24, 39-49. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
99752020
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0997520201 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 黃啟泰<br>姜忠信 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 洪兆怡 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 洪兆怡 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 29-Jul-2014 16:11:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 29-Jul-2014 16:11:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Jul-2014 16:11:20 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0997520201 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/67900 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99752020 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 雖然過去研究發現兒童要能正確推論他人對世界的特定信念（belief）之前，需先具備對他的意圖理解能力，但是有鑑於自閉症類兒童較難通過相同心智年齡兒童可以通過的錯誤信念作業（false belief task），而針對探討他們意圖理解能力的研究發現又不甚一致，所以本研究欲延續Carpenter等人（2002）前置意圖典範的脈絡情境（context condition）設計，重新探討自閉症類兒童的意圖理解能力。研究設計採用受試者內設計（within-subjects design），對象為24位平均生理年齡3歲10個月的自閉症類兒童，以及配對相同發展年齡為2歲半的16位發展遲緩兒童與24位一般發展兒童，過程中三組兒童皆須參與前置意圖提示情境（Prior Intention Condition）與無前置意圖提示情境（No Prior Intention Condition）作業內容，以了解他們於不同情境的觀察學習表現。研究結果發現自閉症類兒童在前置意圖提示情境的作業表現顯著比另兩組兒童差，且於不同意圖情境的表現無顯著差異；相對地，研究發現一般發展與發展遲緩組兒童則是在前置意圖提示情境的表現顯著的比無前置意圖提示情境來得好，可能說明一般發展與發展遲緩兒童似乎能受惠於前置意圖線索而增進表現，但是自閉症類兒童卻可能存在較難藉由觀察脈絡線索理解他人意圖並提升學習表現的困難。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 自閉症類疾患定義 2 第三節 發展遲緩兒童定義 4第二章 文獻回顧 5 第一節 意圖概念 5 第二節 一般發展兒童對他人意圖理解與模仿能力 8 第三節 自閉症類兒童對他人意圖理解與模仿能力 17 第四節 與自閉症模仿有關的神經心理理論 22 第五節 以前置意圖典範探討自閉症類兒童社會認知能力的可能 27第三章 研究目的與假設 30第一節 研究目的 30第二節 研究假設 31第四章 研究方法 32 第一節 研究對象 32 第二節 研究材料 36 第三節 實驗設計 40 第四節 實驗程序 41 第五節 資料整理與分析 45第五章 研究結果 46 第一節 開箱表現 46 第二節 示範動作的重演 50 第三節 兒童初次開內門的策略分析 52 第四節 作業指標與自閉症症狀嚴重度相關 55第五章 討論與建議 56 第一節 三組兒童的開箱表現 56 第二節 三組兒童的模仿策略 60 第三節 教育與臨床意義應用 61 第四節 研究限制與應用 62參考文獻 64附錄一 71附錄二 73 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1014369 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0997520201 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 前置意圖 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 脈絡情境 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自閉症類兒童 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 意圖理解 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 自閉症類兒童理解他人前置意圖研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Understanding other`s Prior Intention in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 內政部（民93年6月3日）。兒童及少年福利法施行細則吳進欽、姜忠信（2011）。自閉症類幼兒標準化發展測驗的表現。應用心理研究，15-40。楊明杉（民91）。高功能自閉症兒童理解他人意圖能力之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中正大學心理學研究所，嘉義縣。American Psychiatric Association (2002). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders – Text Revision(4th ed - TR). Washington DC: AuthorAmerican Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed ). Washington DC: AuthorAldridge, M. A., Stone, K. R., Sweeney, M. H., & Bower, T. G. R. (2000). Preverbal children with autism understand the intentions of others. Developmental science, 3, 294-301.Anscombe, G. E. M. (1957). Intention. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Astington, J. W. (1991). Intention in child’s theory of mind. In Children`s Theories of Mind: Mental States and Social Understanding, 157-172.Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Cognition, 21, 37-46.Bellagamba, F., & Tomasello, M. (1999). Re-enacting intended acts: Comparing 12- and 18-month-olds. Infant behavior and development, 22, 277-282.Behne, Tanya, Malinda Carpenter, and Michael Tomasello. "One‐year‐olds comprehend the communicative intentions behind gestures in a hiding game."Developmental science 8.6 (2005): 492-499.Birch, S. A. J., Vauthier, S. A., & Bloom, P. (2008). Three and four-year-olds spontaneously use others’past performance to guide their learning. Cognition, 107, 1018-1034.Bird, G., Brindley, R., Leighton, J., & Heyes, C. (2007). General processes, rather than ”goals,” explain imitation errors. Journal of experimental psychology, 33, 1158-1169.Boria, S., Fabbri-Destro, M., Cattaneo, L., Sparaci, L., Singaglia, C., Santelli,. E., Cossu, G., & Rixxolatti, G. (2009). Intention Understanding in Autism. Plos one, 4, 1-8.Brass, M., Schmitt, R. M., Spengler, S., & Gergely, G. (2007). Investigating action understanding: Inferential processes versus action simulation. Current biology, 17, 2117-2122. Buresh & Woodward (2007). Infants track action goals within and across agents. Cognition, 104, 287-314.Carpenter, M., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2002). Understanding “prior intentions” enables two–year–olds to imitatively learn a complex task. Child development,73, 1431-1441.Carpenter, M., Akhtar, N. & Tomasello, M. (1998). Fourteen-through 18-month-old Infants Differentially Imitate Intentional and Accidental Action. Infant behavior and development, 2, 315-330.Carpenter, M., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2002). Understanding ”Prior Intentions” Enables Two-Year-Olds to Imitatively Learn a Complex Task. Child development, 73, 1431-1441.Carpenter, M., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (2001). Understanding of Others’ Intention in Children With Autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 31, 589-599.Dapretto, M., Davies, M. S., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Iacoboni, M. (2006). Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature neuroscience, 9, 28-30.D’Entremont, B., & Yazbek, A. (2007). 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