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題名 小型社會互惠及合作機制-雙向信任賽局之初探
作者 葉怡庭
貢獻者 戴中擎
葉怡庭
關鍵詞 信任賽局
網路賽局
信任
互惠
Trust Game
Network Game
Trust
Reciprocity
日期 2013
上傳時間 6-Aug-2014 11:51:47 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究欲探討信任對於對社會動態發展影響及信任機制建立受那些因子影響。採用雙向信任賽局並納入個人差異進行研究分析，總共招募十組受測者，研究發現信任不一定能夠被建立，且每個組別動態發展存在差異，差異的原因受到初始情況、期中互動歷程影響，且兩部分皆受個人因素影響，初始情況是影響後續是否能建立良好合作與互惠關係之重要原因，愈是勤勞、溫順柔和、好動及豪爽的受測者其第一期願意於信任賽局投資之金額愈多；期中互動歷程，研究發現上一期投資金額、投資比率，及投資回報率對受測者而言是最重要的解釋變數，互動歷程相關變數則因人而異。
In this study, we attempted to find out how trust affected social dynamic development and which factors will influence on the process of building trust mechanism. We recruited 10 groups of subjects and used two-way trust game to analyze it when individual differences were considered. This study showed that trust can’t be built under certain conditions and groups are heterogeneous in their initial conditions and interaction dynamics. This two parts are also influenced by individual differences. Initial condition is the key factor whether if the trust can be built. The more diligent, docile, lively, and forthright subject will offer more in first period. While in interaction dynamics within period, we found that invest, reward and invest ratio are the most important decisive factors to subjects. But variables about interaction dynamics within period depend on individual differences.
參考文獻 許功餘、王登峰、楊國樞 (2001)。台灣與大陸華人基本性格向度的比較。本土心理學研究，16，185-225。

Anderson, L. R., Mellor, J. M., & Milyo, J. (2005) An Experimental Study of the Effects of Inequality and Relative Deprivation on Trusting Behavior. Working paper:14.

Arrow, K. (1974) General Economic Equilibrium: Purpose, Analytic Techniques, Collective Choice. American Economic Review, 64(3), 253-272

Ben-Ner, A., & Halldorsson, F. (2010). Trusting and trustworthiness: What are they, how to measure them, and what affects them. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 64-79.

Berg, J., Dickhaut, K., & McCabe, K. (1995) Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History. Games and Economics Behavior, 10(1), 122-142.

Besley, T., & Payne, A. (2003) Judicial accountability and economic policy outcomes: evidence from employment discrimination charges. IFS Working Papers.

Bohnet, I., & Zeckhauser, R. (2004) Trust, risk and betrayal. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55(4), 467-484.

Buchan, N., & Croson, R. (1999) Gender and Culture: International Experimental Evidence from Trust Games. American Economic Review, 89(2), 386-391.

Chaudhuri, A., & Gangadharn, L (2002) Gender Differences in Trust and Reciprocity. Working paper: 875.

Chaudhuri, A., & Gangadharn, L. (2003) An Experimental Analysis of Trust and Trustworthiness. Southern Economic Journal, 73(4), 959-985.

Charness, G., & Rabin, M. (2002) Understanding Social Preferences With Simple Tests. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 817-869.

Cornelissen, G., Dewitte, S., Warlop, L., Yzerbyt, V. (2007). Whatever people say I am, that’s what I am. Social labeling as a social marketing tool. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(4), 278-288.

Cox, J. C. (2004) How to identify trust and reciprocity. Games and Economic Behavior, 46(2), 260-281.

Cox, J. C., & Cary, D. A. (2005) On the Nature of Reciprocal Motives: Evidence from the Ultimatum Reciprocity Measure. Western Economic Association International, 43(3), 623-635.

Devetag, G., & Warglien, M (2003) Games and phone numbers: Do short-term memory bounds affect strategic behavior?, Journal of Economic Psychology, 24(2), 189-202.

Di Cagno, D., & Sciubba, E. (2010) Trust, trustworthiness and social networks: Playing a trust game when networks are formed in the lab, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, 75(2), 156-167.

Erte, X., & Cristina, B. (2010) When equality trumps reciprocity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(3), 456-470.

Fershtman, C., & Gneezy, U. (2001) Discrimination In A Segmented Society: An Experimental Approach. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 351-377.

Francois, P., & Zabojnik, J. (2005) Trust, Social Capital, and Economic Development. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3(1), 51-94.

Glaeser, E., Laibson, D., Scheinkman, J. A., Soutter, C. L. (2000). Measuring Trust. Quarterly Journal of Economics , 65, 811-846.

Guth, W., Levati, M., & Ploner, M. (2008) The Impact of Payoff Interdependence on Trust and Trustworthiness. German Economic Review, 9(02), 87-95

Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (1995) Economic Growth and Social Capital in Italy. Eastern Economic Journal, 21(3), 295-307.


Holm, H., & Dnaielson, A. (2005) Tropic Trust Versus Nordic Trust: Experimental Evidence From Tanzania and Sweden, Economic Journal, 115(503), 505-532.

Johnson, N., & Mislin, A. (2011) Trust games: A meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(5), 865-889.

Jones, G., & Schneider, W. (2006) Intelligence, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach. Journal of Economic Growth, 11(1), 71-93.

Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1997). Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (4), 1251-1288.

Lea, S. E. G., Tarpy, R. M., & Webley, P. M. (1987). The individual in the economy: A Textbook of Economic Psychology. Cambridge University Press.

McCabe, K., Rigdon, M., & Smith, V. (2003) Positive reciprocity and intentions in trust games. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 52(2), 267-275.

Segal, N. L., & Hershberger, S. L. (1999) Cooperation and competition between twins: Findings from a Prisoner`s Dilemma game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(1), 29-51.

Weede, E., & Kampf, S. (2002) The Impact of Intelligence and Institutional Improvements on Economic Growth. Kyklos, 55, 361-380.

Zack, P., & Knack, S. (1998) Trust and Growth. The Economic Journal, 111(470), 295–321.

Zax, J. S., & Rees, D. I. (2002) IQ, Academic Performance, Environment, and Earnings. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(4), 600-616.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
101258027
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101258027
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 戴中擎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葉怡庭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 葉怡庭zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 6-Aug-2014 11:51:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 6-Aug-2014 11:51:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Aug-2014 11:51:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101258027en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/68288-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101258027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究欲探討信任對於對社會動態發展影響及信任機制建立受那些因子影響。採用雙向信任賽局並納入個人差異進行研究分析，總共招募十組受測者，研究發現信任不一定能夠被建立，且每個組別動態發展存在差異，差異的原因受到初始情況、期中互動歷程影響，且兩部分皆受個人因素影響，初始情況是影響後續是否能建立良好合作與互惠關係之重要原因，愈是勤勞、溫順柔和、好動及豪爽的受測者其第一期願意於信任賽局投資之金額愈多；期中互動歷程，研究發現上一期投資金額、投資比率，及投資回報率對受測者而言是最重要的解釋變數，互動歷程相關變數則因人而異。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In this study, we attempted to find out how trust affected social dynamic development and which factors will influence on the process of building trust mechanism. We recruited 10 groups of subjects and used two-way trust game to analyze it when individual differences were considered. This study showed that trust can’t be built under certain conditions and groups are heterogeneous in their initial conditions and interaction dynamics. This two parts are also influenced by individual differences. Initial condition is the key factor whether if the trust can be built. The more diligent, docile, lively, and forthright subject will offer more in first period. While in interaction dynamics within period, we found that invest, reward and invest ratio are the most important decisive factors to subjects. But variables about interaction dynamics within period depend on individual differences.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與問題 1
1.2 研究方法與概要 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 信任與經濟成長相關性 4
2.2 信任賽局 5
2.3 網路賽局 9
2.4 認知能力及人格與經濟成長相關性 11
第三章 實驗設計 13
3.1 實驗設計 13
3.1.1雙向信任賽局 13
3.1.2風險態度測驗 15
3.1.3認知能力測驗: 工作記憶測驗 19
3.1.4 人格特質測驗 20
3.2 實驗流程 22
3.2.1雙向信任賽局 22
3.2.2風險態度測驗 22
3.2.3認知能力測驗(Working Memory Test)及人格測驗 23
3.2.4獎酬發放方式 23
第四章 研究結果 25
4.1 總體觀點 26
4.1.1社會福利實現與及吉尼係數 27
4.1.2各組社會福利實現情況 27
4.2初始情況 (Initial condition) 31
4.3 期中互動過程 39
4.3.1兩組迴歸模型 39
4.3.2 選擇變數決定最後迴歸模型 49
4.4 個體本身差異探討 51
4.5 個體互動分析 60
第五章 結論與研究發展建議 81
5.1 結論 81
5.2 研究發展建議 82
參考文獻: 84
附錄 87
附錄A 實驗規則說明 87
附錄B 各組組員投資金額與回報比率 96
附錄C 各組受測者投資分配集中度指標 (HHI) 124
附錄D 網路圖 126		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4467285 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101258027en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信任賽局zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網路賽局zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信任zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互惠zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Trust Gameen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Network Gameen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Trusten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reciprocityen_US
dc.title (題名) 小型社會互惠及合作機制-雙向信任賽局之初探zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許功餘、王登峰、楊國樞 (2001)。台灣與大陸華人基本性格向度的比較。本土心理學研究，16，185-225。

Anderson, L. R., Mellor, J. M., & Milyo, J. (2005) An Experimental Study of the Effects of Inequality and Relative Deprivation on Trusting Behavior. Working paper:14.

Arrow, K. (1974) General Economic Equilibrium: Purpose, Analytic Techniques, Collective Choice. American Economic Review, 64(3), 253-272

Ben-Ner, A., & Halldorsson, F. (2010). Trusting and trustworthiness: What are they, how to measure them, and what affects them. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 64-79.

Berg, J., Dickhaut, K., & McCabe, K. (1995) Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History. Games and Economics Behavior, 10(1), 122-142.

Besley, T., & Payne, A. (2003) Judicial accountability and economic policy outcomes: evidence from employment discrimination charges. IFS Working Papers.

Bohnet, I., & Zeckhauser, R. (2004) Trust, risk and betrayal. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55(4), 467-484.

Buchan, N., & Croson, R. (1999) Gender and Culture: International Experimental Evidence from Trust Games. American Economic Review, 89(2), 386-391.

Chaudhuri, A., & Gangadharn, L (2002) Gender Differences in Trust and Reciprocity. Working paper: 875.

Chaudhuri, A., & Gangadharn, L. (2003) An Experimental Analysis of Trust and Trustworthiness. Southern Economic Journal, 73(4), 959-985.

Charness, G., & Rabin, M. (2002) Understanding Social Preferences With Simple Tests. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), 817-869.

Cornelissen, G., Dewitte, S., Warlop, L., Yzerbyt, V. (2007). Whatever people say I am, that’s what I am. Social labeling as a social marketing tool. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(4), 278-288.

Cox, J. C. (2004) How to identify trust and reciprocity. Games and Economic Behavior, 46(2), 260-281.

Cox, J. C., & Cary, D. A. (2005) On the Nature of Reciprocal Motives: Evidence from the Ultimatum Reciprocity Measure. Western Economic Association International, 43(3), 623-635.

Devetag, G., & Warglien, M (2003) Games and phone numbers: Do short-term memory bounds affect strategic behavior?, Journal of Economic Psychology, 24(2), 189-202.

Di Cagno, D., & Sciubba, E. (2010) Trust, trustworthiness and social networks: Playing a trust game when networks are formed in the lab, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, 75(2), 156-167.

Erte, X., & Cristina, B. (2010) When equality trumps reciprocity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(3), 456-470.

Fershtman, C., & Gneezy, U. (2001) Discrimination In A Segmented Society: An Experimental Approach. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 351-377.

Francois, P., & Zabojnik, J. (2005) Trust, Social Capital, and Economic Development. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3(1), 51-94.

Glaeser, E., Laibson, D., Scheinkman, J. A., Soutter, C. L. (2000). Measuring Trust. Quarterly Journal of Economics , 65, 811-846.

Guth, W., Levati, M., & Ploner, M. (2008) The Impact of Payoff Interdependence on Trust and Trustworthiness. German Economic Review, 9(02), 87-95

Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (1995) Economic Growth and Social Capital in Italy. Eastern Economic Journal, 21(3), 295-307.


Holm, H., & Dnaielson, A. (2005) Tropic Trust Versus Nordic Trust: Experimental Evidence From Tanzania and Sweden, Economic Journal, 115(503), 505-532.

Johnson, N., & Mislin, A. (2011) Trust games: A meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(5), 865-889.

Jones, G., & Schneider, W. (2006) Intelligence, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach. Journal of Economic Growth, 11(1), 71-93.

Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1997). Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (4), 1251-1288.

Lea, S. E. G., Tarpy, R. M., & Webley, P. M. (1987). The individual in the economy: A Textbook of Economic Psychology. Cambridge University Press.

McCabe, K., Rigdon, M., & Smith, V. (2003) Positive reciprocity and intentions in trust games. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 52(2), 267-275.

Segal, N. L., & Hershberger, S. L. (1999) Cooperation and competition between twins: Findings from a Prisoner`s Dilemma game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(1), 29-51.

Weede, E., & Kampf, S. (2002) The Impact of Intelligence and Institutional Improvements on Economic Growth. Kyklos, 55, 361-380.

Zack, P., & Knack, S. (1998) Trust and Growth. The Economic Journal, 111(470), 295–321.

Zax, J. S., & Rees, D. I. (2002) IQ, Academic Performance, Environment, and Earnings. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(4), 600-616.		zh_TW