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題名 糧食安全援助與非營利組織之研究
A Study of the Aid for Food Security and the Non-Profit Organizations作者 戴思佳
Teyla Valeska Darce Zuniga貢獻者 魏百谷
Wei, Bai Ku
戴思佳
Teyla Valeska Darce Zuniga關鍵詞 Aid for Food Security
Non-Profit Organizations
Food Aid
Latin America
The Caaribbean
Nicaragua
Haiti日期 2013 上傳時間 6-Aug-2014 11:58:23 (UTC+8) 摘要 糧食安全援助與非營利組織之研究
The International Organizations the same as the non-profit organizations are aware of how much this issue matter around the world and the government from the different more vulnerable countries represent in many cases, the principal problem that difficulties the work of the non-profit sector. There is a clear need to build a new system strategy for each bloc according to their characteristics in order to apply the correct plan for ensuring the food access for all the people as equals, but there is no doubt that the income inequality is a social issue that affects every country in the world and that also bring consequences for the food security of the people in countries such as Haiti. This topic was selected for its importance worldwide, in order to analyze the type of work of the non-profit organizations in the food security sector as aid channels in Latin American and the Caribbean regions, and how their partnership with government agencies and international organizations is indispensable for the complementation of the work.And the research finding of the two cases study is about the capacity of sustainability that the farmers of the countries can reach through the aid for food security provided by the non-profit organizations, and on the other hand, the dependency that the aid provided can cause in the donors (in the case of Haiti). The potential that both regions have to improve the food security and develop the agricultural sector, but also explaining the case of the most poor countries in each region (Nicaragua and Haiti), both cases study serve to compare the different activities of the NPO and how their work affect the sustainability and development of the beneficiaries in the field of food security.參考文獻 Bibliography English Sources:1. BooksBeckmann, David and Arthur Simon, “Grace at the Table: Ending Hunger in God’s World”, Reviewed by Berard L. Marthaler. pp. 1-219.Clay, Edward; and Stokke, Olav (1991) Food Aid Reconsidered: Assessing the Impact on Third World Countries, EADI Book Series 11. Pp. 1-191.Food Deficits, Food Security and Food Aid: Concepts and Measurement, Paper prepared for the Annual Conference of the European Economic Association, 1998, pp. 1-48.Friedmann, H. (1990), "The Origins of Third World Food Dependence", pp. 13-31. Jesuits or Society of Jesus: International catholic non-profit organization which work in charity and mostly in education (funding schools, universities, seminaries) http://www.jesuit.org/ access date: November 2013.Kharas, Homi, “The New Reality of Aid” executive summary, Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings, pp. 2-16.Pope, C. Mays N. Qualitative methods in health research. In: Pope C, Mays N (editors). Qualitative Research in Health Care (3rd edition). Malden (MA): Blackwell Publications/BMJ Books, 2006, pp. 20.1-20.17.Riker, James V., 1999 “Changing Politics of Hunger”. Published by Bread for the World (November 19, 1998), pp. 1-138.Schuller, Mark, March 5, 2013, Killing with Kindness: Haiti, International Aid and NGOs, reviewed by Beverly Bell Other Worlds are Possible, pp. 5-265. Slyck, Abigail, University of Arizona, “The Utmost Amount of Effective Accommodation": Andrew Carnegie and the Reform of the American Library, P. 359.The Conscience of the World:" The influence of Non-governmental Organizations in the U.N. System”, 1996 Washington: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 15-49.2. Journals Reports and Conference Papers Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning (2010), Health trends in Sub-Saharan Africa: Conflicting evidence from infant mortality rates and adult heights, Harvard University, Cambridge Journal, MA 02138, United States, pp. 1- 281.Alkon, Alison (2008), from value to values: sustainable consumption at farmers markets. Agriculture and Human Values. Vol. 25, pp. 487-498.Alkon, Alison and Teresa Mares. 2012. Food Sovereignty in US Food Movements: Radical Visions and Neoliberal Constraints. Agriculture and Human Values. Vol. 29, pp. 347-359.Beckford, Clinton (2012), Issues in Caribbean Food Security: Building Capacity in Local Food Production Systems, Faculty of Education, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, pp. 1-17. Berner, Maureen; Trina Ozer, and Sharon Paynter, 2008 “A Portrait of Hunger, the Social Safety Net, and the Working Poor” The Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 403-420.Charnovits, Steve, (2006), Nongovernmental Organizations and International Law, American Journal of International Law Vol. 100 No. 2, pp 348-372.Clay, Edward; and Hans-Werner Singer (1985): Food Aid and Development: Issues and Evidence. A Survey of the Literature since 1977 on the Role and Impact Food in Developing Countries. Daponte, Beth, and Shannon Bade. 2006. “How the Private Food Assistance Network Evolved: Interactions Between Public and Private Responses to Hunger.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 35, pp. 668-690.Donini, Antonio, (1995) The Bureaucracy and the Free Spirits Stagnation and innovation in the relationship between the UN and NGOs, Third Worlds Q 420, pp. 4-5.ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean (2009), Food Security, food crisis and its impact on the Caribbean, presentation, pp. 1-30.Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of information from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and ECLAC, Social Panorama of Latin America, 2004 (LC/G.2259-P), Santiago, Chile, 2005, in press, ,pp. 1-290.FAO, 2003 “Trade Reforms and Food Security: conceptualizing the linkages”, chapter 2: Food Security: concepts and measurements. Rome 2003, pp. 26-27.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2004, Rome, 2004, pp. 1-40.Global Hunger Index (2013), The Challenge of Hunger: Building resilience to achieve food and nutrition security, International Policy Research Institute, Bonn/ Washington D.C. / Dublin, October 2013, pp. 1-61.Global Hunger Index 2008, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The Challenge of Hunger, pp. 5-36.Hopkins, R. F. (1993), "The Evolution of Food Aid: Towards a Development-First Regime", en Ruttan, V. W. (ed.), Why Food Aid?, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore y Londres, pp. 132-152.Parul, Christian (2010), Impact of the Economic Crisis and Increase in Food Prices on Child Mortality: Exploring Nutritional Pathways, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Journal of Nutrition, pp. 1-178.Reimann, Kim D. (2006), A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs, Georgia State University, Political Science Faculty Publications, Quarterly 50, pp. 45-67.Schoener, Wendy (1997), Non-Governmental Organizations and Global Activism: Legal and Informal Approaches, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol.4, issue 2, article 10, pp 537-569. Sollis, America Peter (2010) Partners in development? The state, nongovernmental organizations and the UN in Central, Published online: 25 Aug 2010. Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 525-542.Simmons, P. J., (autumn, 1998). “Learning to Live with NGOs”, Foreign Policy, No. 112. (Autumn, 1998), pp. 82-96.The Millennium Development Goals: Latin America and Caribbean perspective, United Nations Publications, Santiago de Chile, 2005, pp. 1-321. Werker, Eric and Ahmed Faisal Z., (spring, 2008) “What Do Nongovernmental Organizations do?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 73-92.Wilkins, Jenifer (2005), Eating right here: Moving from consumer to food citizen, 2004 Presidential address to the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society, Hyde Park, New York, June 11, 2004. Agriculture and Human Values (2005). pp. 22: 269–2733. WebsitesAmerican Nicaraguan Foundation (ANF), http://www.anfnicaragua.org/es/ date of access: May 2014.Bynoe, David (2012), Sustainable Agriculture for Food Security, http://ebookbrowsee.net/su/sustainable-agricultural-development-food-security#.U6j9ePmSx5c Date of Access: May 2014.Chronicles of Philanthropy, facts and figures, largest non-profit organizations, http://philanthropy.com/search/?search_siteId=6&contextId=&action=rem&searchQueryString=largest+nonprofit+of+USA date of access: march 2014.Chron, Small Business, The Function of a Non-Profit Organization, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/functions-nonprofit-30857.html date of access: July 2014.ECLA, http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getprod.asp?xml=/noticias/paginas/0/21710/P21710.xml&xsl=/tpl-i/p18f-st.xsl&base=/tpl-i/top-bottom.xsl date of access: April 2014.Food For the Poor, 2013 annual report,http://www.foodforthepoor.org/about/finances/files/annual_report_year_2013.pdf, Date of access: May 2014.Food Fort he Poor, newsroom, Little Red Beans are Making a Huge Impact in Nicaragua, published: 09/07/12, http://www.foodforthepoor.org/newsroom/archive_12/little-red-beans-20120907.html date of access: May 2014.Food for the Poor, Newsroom, InterAction, USAID Sign Landmark Agreement on Global Food Security, http://www.foodforthepoor.org/newsroom/in-the-news/interaction-usaid-partnership-052014.html, date of access: May 2014.Food Security Portal, Data Dashboard, Calories Supply per Capita/Crop Equivalent http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/api/countries/fao-calorie-supply-p date of access: July 2014.Food Security Portal, Data Dashboard, Receipts of Food Aid (Cereals) http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/api/countries/fao-receipts-of-food date of Access: July 2014.Global Food Crisis (2008), Global Issues online, http://www.globalissues.org/article/758/global-food-crisis-2008 last updated: Sunday, august 10th, 2008, date of access: April 2013.Historical Features, Penn biography, Benjamin Franklin, University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center. http://www.upenn.edu/about/founder.phpLIFDC: Low-income, Food deficit countries, data of 2013, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/lifdc/en/ access date: December 2013. Millennium Development Goals and Beyond 2015, Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, Targets, http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml Date of access: May 2014.Novus International (2012), Developing Tilapia Aquaculture In Haiti: Opportunities, Constraints, and Action Items, http://www.novusint.com/portals/0/documents/Developing%20Tilapia%20Aquaculture%20in%20Haiti.pdf date of access: june 2014.Nurturing just alternative official website about the non-profit organizations in Haiti http://www.otherworldsarepossible.org/tale-two-ngos-haiti-disaster-aid-or-aid-disaster access date: February 2014.Our Common Interest: Ending Hunger and Malnutrition (2011 Hunger Report) Bread for the World Institute Reviewed by Lane Vanderslice. http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/11/books/vanderslice.htm access date: December 2013.Shepard Daniels, The Oakland Institute Policy Brief (2008), The Food Crisis and Latin America: Framing a New Policy Aproach, http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/themes/food_security/Latin_America-Food_Prices_Brief.pdf Date of access: April 2014.The International Cooperation and Development Fund (TaiwanICDF), http://www.icdf.org.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4470&CtNode=29840&mp=2 date of access: May 2014.The Nonprofit Almanac, CNN online, http://www.statisticbrain.com/charity-non-profit-stats/United States Department of Agriculture official website, http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome access date: November 2013.Yahoo News, InterAction, USAID sign landmark agreement on Global Food Security, Washington May 2014, http://news.yahoo.com/interaction-usaid-sign-landmark-agreement-global-food-security-120000290.html date of access: May 2014.Spanish Sources:1. BooksAlemán Zeledón, Nubia (2013), Análisis del Marco Jurídico Regulatorio de las Personas Jurídicas sin Fines de Lucro, Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Tesis de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, pp. 1-115.Díez Rodríguez, A. El modelo de participación de las ONG, la construcción social del voluntariado y el papel de los estados. En: NIETO PEREIRA L. Cooperación para el Desarrollo y ONG. Una visión crítica. Los libros de la Catarata. Madrid. 2001. pp. 193-235.ECLA (2010), Evolución y Distribución del Ingreso Agrícola en América Latina: Evidencias a partir de cuentas nacionales y encuestas a hogares. Documento de proyecto, pp. 1-52.FAO, El Estado de la Inseguridad Alimentaria en el Mundo (2001), ¿cómo afecta la volatilidad de los precios internacionales a las economías nacionales y la seguridad alimentaria?, Enseñanzas de la crisis alimentaria mundial de 2006-08, Roma. pp. 1-60Kiper, Esteban (2010), La Linea de Crédito Flexible: Nuevos Instrumentos en un Nuevo Contexto, Documento elaborado para la Red Latinoamericana sobre Deuda, Desarrollo y Derechos – LATINDADD, pp. 1-22.Flores de la Vega, Margarita (1999). “La agricultura en América Latina: situación y perspectivas”, en Revista Estudios Agrarios Número 12, Mayo-agosto. México, pp. 225-248.Institut für berufliche Bildung (2005), Evaluación del rol de ONG como socios de la Cooperación Austriaca para el Desarrollo en Nicaragua y su contribución en la erradicación de la pobreza. Report, Viena, Austria/Coatepec, México, Julio de 2005, pp. 1-80.Panorama de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe 2012, pp.1-37.Pérez de Armiño, K. (1996), "Potencialidades y peligros de la ayuda alimentaria", en Sutcliffe, B. (coord.), El incendio frío. Hambre, alimentación y desarrollo, Icaria-Antrazyt, Barcelona, pp. 353-367.Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (2009), Crisis Alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Propuesta de acciones a nivel regional, Reunión de Consulta y Coordinación sobre el Precio de los Alimentos y la Seguridad Alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe Caracas, Venezuela 17 y 18 de septiembre de 2009. pp. 1-40.Trigo, Eduardo J. (1995), Agricultura, Cambio Tecnológico y Medio Ambiente en América Latina: Una perspectiva para 2020, Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones sobre Políticas Alimentarias, Washington D.C., Diciembre 1995, pp. 1-22.2. Newspaper and articlesPérez de Armiño, K. (2000), Ayuda alimentaria y desarrollo. Modalidades, criterios y tendencias, HEGOA, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao. http://www.dicc.hegoa.ehu.es/listar/mostrar/17 access date: December 2013.Inter Press Services agencia de noticias “Ayuda alimentaria eternize el hambre Haitiana”, Puerto Principe october 14th, 2013. http://www.ipsnoticias.net/2013/10/detras-del-hambre-haitiana/ Access date: February 2014.CentralAmericaData, Información de Negocios, Costa Rica importará 10 millones de toneladas de frijo, 17 de junio de 2014, http://www.centralamericadata.com/es/search?q1=content_es_le:%22importaci%C3%B3n+de+frijoles%22, date of access: June 2014.Cereal Production Grows in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2013, Radio Cadena Agramonte, Cuba, http://www.cadenagramonte.cu/english/index.php/show/articles/17252:cereal-production-grows-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-in-2013 date of access: February 2014.Diario El Confidencial, El Ocaso de Bosawas, III- Los Invasores, http://www.confidencial.com.ni/bosawas/ Research Date: 2014, Access date: May 2014.Diario La Prensa (2011), Suecia: “No se debe politizar el Estado” by the declarations ambassador Eivor Halkjaer in Nicaragua. http://m.laprensa.com.ni/politica/17413 Date of Access: May 2014.Diccionario Prehispánico de Dudas 2005, Real Academia Española, http://buscon.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?id=BAVPXG0TfD6VHyDvzn date of Access: April 2014.El Nuevo Diario, “Aleman comete grave error” Managua, Nicaragua, lunes 18 de diciembre de 2000 http://archivo.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2000/diciembre/18-diciembre-2000/nacional/nacional14.html Access date: february 2014.Fides Agency 2013, Pobreza y Mortalidad Infantil en América Latina, América/Panamá- Las muertes de los niños pobres son 5 veces superiores en América Latina que en el resto del mundo, http://loiolaxxi.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/pobreza-y-mortalidad-infantil-en-america-latina/ date of Access: January 2014.Fides Agency 2013, Pobreza y Mortalidad Infantil en América Latina, América/Panamá- Las muertes de los niños pobres son 5 veces superiores en América Latina que en el resto del mundo, http://loiolaxxi.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/pobreza-y-mortalidad-infantil-en-america-latina/, date of Access: January 2014.Guia ONGs, noticias ONGs, EP/Washington, “Los Agricultores Haitianos no quieren ayuda alimentaria”, http://www.guiaongs.org/noticias/ongs/Los%20agricultores%20haitianos%20no%20quieren%20ayuda%20alimentaria-2-4-2341 access date: february 2014.La Prensa Gráfica, Descartan escases de frijoles en Nicaragua, productores descarta falta de frijoles a causa de El Niño, 5 de Junio de 2014, http://www.laprensagrafica.com/2014/06/05/descartan-escasez-de-frijol-en-nicaragua date of access: June 2014.Ley General Sobre Personas Jurídicas sin Fines de Lucro, Ley No.147, Normas Juridicas de Nicaragua, Asamblea Nacional de la Republica, http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/($All)/F16E39766C5C7AFE062570A100577C41?OpenDocument Date of Access: May, 2014.MARENA (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Nicaragua), http://www.marena.gob.ni/reserva-bosawas date of access: May 2014.Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación, Fondo de Cooperación para agua y saneamiento, Haiti en breve, http://www.fondodelagua.aecid.es/es/fcas/donde-trabaja/paises/haiti.html, date of Access: May 2014.Modelo de las Naciones Unidas, Organización Argentina de Jóvenes para las Naciones Unidas, Situación en Haiti, http://www.oajnu.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/La-situaci%C3%B3n-en-Hait%C3%AD.pdf Date of Access: May 2014. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)
101862012
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101862012 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 魏百谷 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wei, Bai Ku en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 戴思佳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Teyla Valeska Darce Zuniga en_US dc.creator (作者) 戴思佳 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Teyla Valeska Darce Zuniga en_US dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 6-Aug-2014 11:58:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 6-Aug-2014 11:58:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Aug-2014 11:58:23 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101862012 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/68321 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101862012 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 糧食安全援助與非營利組織之研究 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The International Organizations the same as the non-profit organizations are aware of how much this issue matter around the world and the government from the different more vulnerable countries represent in many cases, the principal problem that difficulties the work of the non-profit sector. There is a clear need to build a new system strategy for each bloc according to their characteristics in order to apply the correct plan for ensuring the food access for all the people as equals, but there is no doubt that the income inequality is a social issue that affects every country in the world and that also bring consequences for the food security of the people in countries such as Haiti. This topic was selected for its importance worldwide, in order to analyze the type of work of the non-profit organizations in the food security sector as aid channels in Latin American and the Caribbean regions, and how their partnership with government agencies and international organizations is indispensable for the complementation of the work.And the research finding of the two cases study is about the capacity of sustainability that the farmers of the countries can reach through the aid for food security provided by the non-profit organizations, and on the other hand, the dependency that the aid provided can cause in the donors (in the case of Haiti). The potential that both regions have to improve the food security and develop the agricultural sector, but also explaining the case of the most poor countries in each region (Nicaragua and Haiti), both cases study serve to compare the different activities of the NPO and how their work affect the sustainability and development of the beneficiaries in the field of food security. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements iAbstract iiTable of Contents iiiIndex of Figures vIndex of Tables viIndex of Graphics vii 1. Introduction 11.1. Research Background and Motivation 11.2. Purpose of Study and Research Questions 41.3. Research Delimitations 41.4. Methodology 61.5. Literature Review 81.5.1 Food Deficit, Food Security and Food Aid 81.5.2 The Role of Non-Profit Organizations on Aid for Food Security 112. The Work of the Non- Profit Organizations on Aid for Food Security 162.1 Background of Aid for Food Security 162.2 Panorama of the Food Security and Food Insecurity in the World 192.3 A Millennium Development Goal: Eradicate Extreme 26Poverty and Hunger, Latin America and Caribbean Perspective3. Aid for Food Security in Latin America 313.1 Overview of the Situation of Lack of Food and Development of 31Agriculture in Latin American Countries3.2 The Value of the Agricultural Sector and the Non-Profit Work 373.3 Non-Profit Organizations Work and the Government in Nicaragua 443.4 Case Study of Non-Profit Organizations Working in Food Security 47in Nicaragua 4. Aid for Food Security in the Caribbean 524.1 Overview of the Situation of the Caribbean Countries 524.2 Initiatives of Aid and Food Security Plan in the Region 604.3 Canalization of Aid and Partnership between Non-Profit 66Organizations and International Institutions4.4 Case Study of Non-Profit Organizations Working in Food 70Security in Haiti5. Conclusion 755.1 Research Findings 755.2 Recommendations 805.2.1 Nicaragua 805.2.2 Haiti 83Bibliography 86 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2360263 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101862012 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aid for Food Security en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Non-Profit Organizations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Food Aid en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin America en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Caaribbean en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nicaragua en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Haiti en_US dc.title (題名) 糧食安全援助與非營利組織之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study of the Aid for Food Security and the Non-Profit Organizations en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography English Sources:1. BooksBeckmann, David and Arthur Simon, “Grace at the Table: Ending Hunger in God’s World”, Reviewed by Berard L. Marthaler. pp. 1-219.Clay, Edward; and Stokke, Olav (1991) Food Aid Reconsidered: Assessing the Impact on Third World Countries, EADI Book Series 11. Pp. 1-191.Food Deficits, Food Security and Food Aid: Concepts and Measurement, Paper prepared for the Annual Conference of the European Economic Association, 1998, pp. 1-48.Friedmann, H. (1990), "The Origins of Third World Food Dependence", pp. 13-31. Jesuits or Society of Jesus: International catholic non-profit organization which work in charity and mostly in education (funding schools, universities, seminaries) http://www.jesuit.org/ access date: November 2013.Kharas, Homi, “The New Reality of Aid” executive summary, Wolfensohn Center for Development at Brookings, pp. 2-16.Pope, C. Mays N. Qualitative methods in health research. In: Pope C, Mays N (editors). Qualitative Research in Health Care (3rd edition). Malden (MA): Blackwell Publications/BMJ Books, 2006, pp. 20.1-20.17.Riker, James V., 1999 “Changing Politics of Hunger”. Published by Bread for the World (November 19, 1998), pp. 1-138.Schuller, Mark, March 5, 2013, Killing with Kindness: Haiti, International Aid and NGOs, reviewed by Beverly Bell Other Worlds are Possible, pp. 5-265. Slyck, Abigail, University of Arizona, “The Utmost Amount of Effective Accommodation": Andrew Carnegie and the Reform of the American Library, P. 359.The Conscience of the World:" The influence of Non-governmental Organizations in the U.N. System”, 1996 Washington: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 15-49.2. Journals Reports and Conference Papers Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning (2010), Health trends in Sub-Saharan Africa: Conflicting evidence from infant mortality rates and adult heights, Harvard University, Cambridge Journal, MA 02138, United States, pp. 1- 281.Alkon, Alison (2008), from value to values: sustainable consumption at farmers markets. Agriculture and Human Values. Vol. 25, pp. 487-498.Alkon, Alison and Teresa Mares. 2012. Food Sovereignty in US Food Movements: Radical Visions and Neoliberal Constraints. Agriculture and Human Values. Vol. 29, pp. 347-359.Beckford, Clinton (2012), Issues in Caribbean Food Security: Building Capacity in Local Food Production Systems, Faculty of Education, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, pp. 1-17. Berner, Maureen; Trina Ozer, and Sharon Paynter, 2008 “A Portrait of Hunger, the Social Safety Net, and the Working Poor” The Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 403-420.Charnovits, Steve, (2006), Nongovernmental Organizations and International Law, American Journal of International Law Vol. 100 No. 2, pp 348-372.Clay, Edward; and Hans-Werner Singer (1985): Food Aid and Development: Issues and Evidence. A Survey of the Literature since 1977 on the Role and Impact Food in Developing Countries. Daponte, Beth, and Shannon Bade. 2006. “How the Private Food Assistance Network Evolved: Interactions Between Public and Private Responses to Hunger.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 35, pp. 668-690.Donini, Antonio, (1995) The Bureaucracy and the Free Spirits Stagnation and innovation in the relationship between the UN and NGOs, Third Worlds Q 420, pp. 4-5.ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean (2009), Food Security, food crisis and its impact on the Caribbean, presentation, pp. 1-30.Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of information from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and ECLAC, Social Panorama of Latin America, 2004 (LC/G.2259-P), Santiago, Chile, 2005, in press, ,pp. 1-290.FAO, 2003 “Trade Reforms and Food Security: conceptualizing the linkages”, chapter 2: Food Security: concepts and measurements. 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