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題名 瑞典的雙元所得稅制與預算赤字之關係
Sweden dual income tax system relationship with the general government net lending/borrowing
作者 鄒佩容
貢獻者 黃明聖
鄒佩容
關鍵詞 雙元所得稅制
經濟成長
預算赤字
日期 2013
上傳時間 1-Oct-2014 13:35:32 (UTC+8)
摘要 瑞典面臨強大的國際競爭壓力,在1991年實施雙元所得稅制 (dual income tax) 的租稅制度改革,以吸引國際資本的投入,改善國內投資環境。雙元所得稅制係將所得來源分成勞動所得及資本所得兩類1.對勞動所得課徵累進稅率,而資本所得按比例稅制課徵,其目的是希望能在效率面,促進資本累積,降低租稅對資本所造成的扭曲,並2.在公平面,取消租稅優惠,兼顧效率和一定程度的所得重分配,並3.簡化了稅制,建構一個可以擴大稅基的租稅環境。
      2008年的金融海嘯,瑞典是歐盟國家中,受經濟衝擊相當輕微的國家之一,瑞典的財政預算仍維持相當的穩定。研究瑞典國家採行雙元所得稅制改革前後的經濟變化、財政變化及相關文獻,其稅制改革對鼓勵儲蓄、增加國內投資及財政穩定具有顯著的成效。本文實證檢驗稅制改革後,對經濟與財政的影響,發現瑞典以稅制改革政策實施作為虛擬變數,實證結果稅制改革對於GDP成長率的效果雖不顯著但有正向影響。本文進一步發現瑞典以稅制改革及財政重整計畫政策實施作為虛擬變數,實證結果前者不利財政,後者改善財政,且後者效果較大,因此對於預算餘額比率的效果顯著且有正向影響。瑞典雙元所得稅制的實施,並輔以財政重整計畫政策,刺激經濟發展及改善預算赤字的經驗,或許有值得其他國家借鏡之處。
參考文獻 王肇蘭、徐偉初 (2004),「經濟成長極大化之租稅負擔及租稅結構—臺灣實證分析」,《經社法制論叢》,34,77-102。
     杜莉 (2007),「論個人所得稅的二元課稅模式」,《稅務與經濟》,5,81-85。
     李文 (2010),「權衡中的創新—雙元所得稅評介」,《稅務與經濟》,3,72-76。
     李沃牆 (2013),「兩岸皆應正視財政危機升高的風險」,財團法人國家政策研究基金會國政評論,http://www.npf.org.tw/categories/1。
     李梓典 (2013),「瑞典將維持有力的公共財政」,《大紀元報導》,8月27日。
     沈鶯 (2013),「瑞典稅改邁出應對危機的第一步」,《國際商報報導》,1月31日。
     林俊儒 (2007),「OECD國家因應人口老化之財政政策分析及啟示」,《財稅研究》,39,183-204。
     林俊儒 (2007),「OECD國家因應人口老化之財政政策試析」,《經濟研究》,7,135-162。
     林俊儒 (2009),「北歐國家採行二元所得稅制對我國個人資本所得稅改革之啟示」,《經濟研究》,9,203-228。
     林姿萱 (2013),「實施雙元所得稅制對經濟成長之影響」,國立臺北商業技術學院會計財稅學系碩士論文。
     林曉琪 (2010),「北歐四國實施雙元所得稅制對經濟成長之影響」,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
     邱筱惟 (2010),「北歐四國實施雙元所得稅制之探討」,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
     姚名鴻、林秀娟(2010),「公共投資、租稅政策與台灣經濟成長」,臺灣經濟學術網,http://tea.econ.sinica.edu.tw/index.php。
     徐仁輝 (2010),「預算赤字與財政政策」,《財稅研究》,42,33-45。
     孫克難 (2002),「台灣租稅結構、有效稅率與經濟成長」,《財稅研究》, 34(3),20-32。
     黃明聖、黃淑惠、李瑞生 (2013),《租稅法規-理論與實務》,臺北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
     黃明聖 (2004),《財政改革方向與政策研究》,行政院經濟建設委員會委託研究報告。
     黃則強、李玉鳳 (2007),「北歐國家Dual Income Tax租稅改革初探」,《財稅研究》,39,150-158。
     黃則強 (2009),「租稅逃漏相關論文集」,國立政治大學財政學系博士論文。
     黃建興、林俊儒 (2009),「OECD國家公司所得稅率發展趨勢與對我國之啟示」,《經濟研究》,9,185-201。
     趙文志 (2011),「財政重整經濟效益的分析與啟示」,《經濟研究》,12,101-136。
     經濟部投資業務處 (2013),《瑞典投資環境簡介》。
     Alt, J. E. (1983), “The Evolution of Tax Structures,” Public Choice, No. 41, 181-222.
     Bengtsson, N., B. Holmlund and D. Waldenström (2011), “Lifetime versus Annual Tax Progressivity: Sweden, 1968–2009,” IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6641, 1-36.
     Bird, R. M. and E. M. Zolt (2010), “Dual Income Taxation and Developing Countries,” Columbia Journal of Tax Law, 1, 174-217.
     Bird, R. M. and E. M. Zolt (2011), “Dual Income Taxation: A Promising Path to Tax Reform for Developing Countries,” World Development , 39(10), 1691-1703.
     Boadway, R. (2004), “The Dual Income Tax System- An Overview,” CESifo Dice Report, 2, 3-8.
     Boadway, R. (2005), “Income Tax Reform for a Globalized World: The Case for a Dual Income Tax,” Journal of Asian Economics, 16, 910-927.
     Calmfors, L. (2010), “The Swedish Fiscal Policy Council - Experiences and Lessons,” Paper for Conference on Independent Fiscal Policy Insituations, 1-32.
     Ganghof, S. (2001), “Global Markets, National Tax Systems, and Domestic Politics: Rebalancing Efficiency and Equity in Open States’Income Taxation,” Max-Planck-Institute Discussion Paper , 1-42.
     Genser, B. and A. Reutter (2007) , “Fiscal Policy in Action: Moving toward dual income taxation in Europe,” FinanzArchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 63(3), 436–456.
     Giavazzi, F. and M. Pagano (1996), “Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes: International Evidence and the Swedish Experience,” NBER Working Papers, No. 5332, 67-103.
     Henriksson, J. (2007) , “Ten Lessons about Budget Consolidation,” Bruegel Essay and Lecture Series, 1-40.
     Kaldor, N. (1955), An Expenditure Tax, London: Allen and Unwin.
     Keuschnigg, C. and M. D. Dietz (2007), “A Growth Oriented Dual Income Tax ,” International Tax and Public Finance, 14, 191-221.
     Morinobu, S. (2004), “Capital Income Taxation and the Dual Income Tax,” PRI Discussion Paper Series, No.04A-17, 1-23.
     Nielsen, N. C. (1980), “Opsparing, velfærd og samfundsøkonomi (Saving, Welfare and the National Economy),” Arnold Busck.
     Nielsen, S. B. and P. B. Sørensen (1997), “On the Optimality of the Nordic System of Dual Income Taxation,” Journal of Public Economics, 63, 311-329.
     Radulescu, D. M. and M. Stimmelmayr (2005), “Implementing a Dual Income Tax in Germany: Effects on Investment and Welfare,” Ifo Working Papers, No. 20, 1–46.
     Silfverberg, C. (2009) , “The Swedish Net Wealth Tax–Main Features and Problems,” Stockholm Institute for Scandianvian Law, 367-374.
     Sørensen, P. B. (1994), “From the Global Income Tax to the Dual Income Tax: Recent Tax Reforms in the Nordic Countries ,” International Tax and Public Finance, 1, 57–79.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2001), “The Nordic Dual Income Tax - in or out?” Economic Policy Research Unit Institute of Economics, 1-13.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2005), “Dual Income Taxation: Why and How?” Finanzarchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 61(4), 559–586.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2009), “Dual Income Taxes: A Nordic Tax System,” Revised version of paper originally presented at the conference on New Zealand Tax Reform? Where to Next? at the Victoria University of Wellington, 11-13.
     Spengel, C. and W. Wiegard (2004), “Dual Income Tax: A Pragmatic Tax Reform Alternative for Germany,” CESifo Dice Report, 3, 15-21.
     Steinmo, S. (1993), “Taxation and Democracy: Swedish, British and American Approaches to Financing the Modern State,” New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
     Wagenhals, G. (2009), “Implementing a Dual Income Tax in Germany. A Microsimulation Approach,” Paper presented to the 2nd General Conference of the International Microsimulation Association “Microsimulation: Bridging Data and Policy”, Ottawa, Canada, June 8th to 10th.
     Wang, P. and C. K. Yip (1995), “Macroeconomic Effects of Factor Taxation with Endogenous Human Capital Evolution: Theory and Evidence,” Southern Economic Journal, 61(3) , 803-818.
     Yamarik, S. (2000), “Can Tax Policy Help Explain State-Level Macroeconomic Growth?” Economics Letters, 68(2) , 211-215.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
101921222
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101921222
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃明聖zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄒佩容zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 鄒佩容zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2014 13:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Oct-2014 13:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2014 13:35:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101921222en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/70283-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101921222zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 瑞典面臨強大的國際競爭壓力,在1991年實施雙元所得稅制 (dual income tax) 的租稅制度改革,以吸引國際資本的投入,改善國內投資環境。雙元所得稅制係將所得來源分成勞動所得及資本所得兩類1.對勞動所得課徵累進稅率,而資本所得按比例稅制課徵,其目的是希望能在效率面,促進資本累積,降低租稅對資本所造成的扭曲,並2.在公平面,取消租稅優惠,兼顧效率和一定程度的所得重分配,並3.簡化了稅制,建構一個可以擴大稅基的租稅環境。
      2008年的金融海嘯,瑞典是歐盟國家中,受經濟衝擊相當輕微的國家之一,瑞典的財政預算仍維持相當的穩定。研究瑞典國家採行雙元所得稅制改革前後的經濟變化、財政變化及相關文獻,其稅制改革對鼓勵儲蓄、增加國內投資及財政穩定具有顯著的成效。本文實證檢驗稅制改革後,對經濟與財政的影響,發現瑞典以稅制改革政策實施作為虛擬變數,實證結果稅制改革對於GDP成長率的效果雖不顯著但有正向影響。本文進一步發現瑞典以稅制改革及財政重整計畫政策實施作為虛擬變數,實證結果前者不利財政,後者改善財政,且後者效果較大,因此對於預算餘額比率的效果顯著且有正向影響。瑞典雙元所得稅制的實施,並輔以財政重整計畫政策,刺激經濟發展及改善預算赤字的經驗,或許有值得其他國家借鏡之處。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第1.1節 研究動機 1
     第1.2節 研究目的 2
     第1.3節 研究方法 3
     第二章 文獻回顧 4
     第2.1節 雙元所得稅實施背景 4
     第2.2節 雙元所得稅制優缺點 6
     第2.3節 雙元所得稅制對經濟成長影響 13
     第2.4節 雙元所得稅制對預算赤字影響 15
     第2.5節 本章小結 19
     第三章 瑞典稅制與經濟成長之探討 20
     第3.1節 瑞典實施雙元所得稅制探討 20
     第3.2節 稅制改革前後之經濟態勢探討 26
     第3.3節 稅制改革對經濟成長之實證分析 35
     第3.4節 本章小結 38
     第四章 瑞典稅制與預算赤字之探討 39
     第4.1節 稅制改革前後的收入結構 39
     第4.2節 撙節開支改善財政 40
     第4.3節 稅制改革對預算赤字之實證分析 43
     第4.4節 本章小結 51
     第五章 結論 53
     參考文獻 56
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101921222en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙元所得稅制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟成長zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 預算赤字zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 瑞典的雙元所得稅制與預算赤字之關係zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Sweden dual income tax system relationship with the general government net lending/borrowingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王肇蘭、徐偉初 (2004),「經濟成長極大化之租稅負擔及租稅結構—臺灣實證分析」,《經社法制論叢》,34,77-102。
     杜莉 (2007),「論個人所得稅的二元課稅模式」,《稅務與經濟》,5,81-85。
     李文 (2010),「權衡中的創新—雙元所得稅評介」,《稅務與經濟》,3,72-76。
     李沃牆 (2013),「兩岸皆應正視財政危機升高的風險」,財團法人國家政策研究基金會國政評論,http://www.npf.org.tw/categories/1。
     李梓典 (2013),「瑞典將維持有力的公共財政」,《大紀元報導》,8月27日。
     沈鶯 (2013),「瑞典稅改邁出應對危機的第一步」,《國際商報報導》,1月31日。
     林俊儒 (2007),「OECD國家因應人口老化之財政政策分析及啟示」,《財稅研究》,39,183-204。
     林俊儒 (2007),「OECD國家因應人口老化之財政政策試析」,《經濟研究》,7,135-162。
     林俊儒 (2009),「北歐國家採行二元所得稅制對我國個人資本所得稅改革之啟示」,《經濟研究》,9,203-228。
     林姿萱 (2013),「實施雙元所得稅制對經濟成長之影響」,國立臺北商業技術學院會計財稅學系碩士論文。
     林曉琪 (2010),「北歐四國實施雙元所得稅制對經濟成長之影響」,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
     邱筱惟 (2010),「北歐四國實施雙元所得稅制之探討」,國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
     姚名鴻、林秀娟(2010),「公共投資、租稅政策與台灣經濟成長」,臺灣經濟學術網,http://tea.econ.sinica.edu.tw/index.php。
     徐仁輝 (2010),「預算赤字與財政政策」,《財稅研究》,42,33-45。
     孫克難 (2002),「台灣租稅結構、有效稅率與經濟成長」,《財稅研究》, 34(3),20-32。
     黃明聖、黃淑惠、李瑞生 (2013),《租稅法規-理論與實務》,臺北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
     黃明聖 (2004),《財政改革方向與政策研究》,行政院經濟建設委員會委託研究報告。
     黃則強、李玉鳳 (2007),「北歐國家Dual Income Tax租稅改革初探」,《財稅研究》,39,150-158。
     黃則強 (2009),「租稅逃漏相關論文集」,國立政治大學財政學系博士論文。
     黃建興、林俊儒 (2009),「OECD國家公司所得稅率發展趨勢與對我國之啟示」,《經濟研究》,9,185-201。
     趙文志 (2011),「財政重整經濟效益的分析與啟示」,《經濟研究》,12,101-136。
     經濟部投資業務處 (2013),《瑞典投資環境簡介》。
     Alt, J. E. (1983), “The Evolution of Tax Structures,” Public Choice, No. 41, 181-222.
     Bengtsson, N., B. Holmlund and D. Waldenström (2011), “Lifetime versus Annual Tax Progressivity: Sweden, 1968–2009,” IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6641, 1-36.
     Bird, R. M. and E. M. Zolt (2010), “Dual Income Taxation and Developing Countries,” Columbia Journal of Tax Law, 1, 174-217.
     Bird, R. M. and E. M. Zolt (2011), “Dual Income Taxation: A Promising Path to Tax Reform for Developing Countries,” World Development , 39(10), 1691-1703.
     Boadway, R. (2004), “The Dual Income Tax System- An Overview,” CESifo Dice Report, 2, 3-8.
     Boadway, R. (2005), “Income Tax Reform for a Globalized World: The Case for a Dual Income Tax,” Journal of Asian Economics, 16, 910-927.
     Calmfors, L. (2010), “The Swedish Fiscal Policy Council - Experiences and Lessons,” Paper for Conference on Independent Fiscal Policy Insituations, 1-32.
     Ganghof, S. (2001), “Global Markets, National Tax Systems, and Domestic Politics: Rebalancing Efficiency and Equity in Open States’Income Taxation,” Max-Planck-Institute Discussion Paper , 1-42.
     Genser, B. and A. Reutter (2007) , “Fiscal Policy in Action: Moving toward dual income taxation in Europe,” FinanzArchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 63(3), 436–456.
     Giavazzi, F. and M. Pagano (1996), “Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes: International Evidence and the Swedish Experience,” NBER Working Papers, No. 5332, 67-103.
     Henriksson, J. (2007) , “Ten Lessons about Budget Consolidation,” Bruegel Essay and Lecture Series, 1-40.
     Kaldor, N. (1955), An Expenditure Tax, London: Allen and Unwin.
     Keuschnigg, C. and M. D. Dietz (2007), “A Growth Oriented Dual Income Tax ,” International Tax and Public Finance, 14, 191-221.
     Morinobu, S. (2004), “Capital Income Taxation and the Dual Income Tax,” PRI Discussion Paper Series, No.04A-17, 1-23.
     Nielsen, N. C. (1980), “Opsparing, velfærd og samfundsøkonomi (Saving, Welfare and the National Economy),” Arnold Busck.
     Nielsen, S. B. and P. B. Sørensen (1997), “On the Optimality of the Nordic System of Dual Income Taxation,” Journal of Public Economics, 63, 311-329.
     Radulescu, D. M. and M. Stimmelmayr (2005), “Implementing a Dual Income Tax in Germany: Effects on Investment and Welfare,” Ifo Working Papers, No. 20, 1–46.
     Silfverberg, C. (2009) , “The Swedish Net Wealth Tax–Main Features and Problems,” Stockholm Institute for Scandianvian Law, 367-374.
     Sørensen, P. B. (1994), “From the Global Income Tax to the Dual Income Tax: Recent Tax Reforms in the Nordic Countries ,” International Tax and Public Finance, 1, 57–79.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2001), “The Nordic Dual Income Tax - in or out?” Economic Policy Research Unit Institute of Economics, 1-13.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2005), “Dual Income Taxation: Why and How?” Finanzarchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 61(4), 559–586.
     Sørensen, P. B. (2009), “Dual Income Taxes: A Nordic Tax System,” Revised version of paper originally presented at the conference on New Zealand Tax Reform? Where to Next? at the Victoria University of Wellington, 11-13.
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