1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Social Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 空間地域廠商訊息與產業合作網絡之研究-以台灣ICT產業為例
Geograph Character,Firm Signals and Industry Network:A Case of ICT Industry in Taiwan
作者 蘇育平
貢獻者 邊泰明
蘇育平
關鍵詞 研發資產
廠商訊號
網絡地位
空間地域
R&D聯盟
Research Property
Firm Signal
Network Position
Geography Character
R&D alliance
日期 2014
上傳時間 3-Nov-2014 10:14:13 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來，研究廠商創新之觀點，從以往之產業群聚移轉至網絡演化，然而，影響網絡形成與演化之因素於以往探討廠商創新能力的相關文獻中較少受到關注，而合作，即為網絡關係的一種型態。從個體的角度觀之，廠商的合作行為往往面臨資訊不對稱的情形，因此本研究從廠商資訊不對稱的觀點出發，引入管理學門中訊號理論(signaling theory)的觀點，解構廠商訊息以及廠商過去所累積的社會資本與研發合作網絡建立之關聯性。並探討不同型態的空間地域屬性對於合作網絡的形成是否有所影響。

本研究以台灣ICT廠商為研究對象，該產業不僅在我國經濟發展的過程中扮演重要的角色，於世界的資訊科技產業鏈中亦占有一席之地。並且有著技術上需要持續創新，並且注重分工合作的特性。資料蒐集採用二手資料的方式，建立近似於整體性的廠商技術網絡資料以及廠商基本屬性資料，分析方法以社會網絡分析法、Pair-t檢定以及卜瓦松迴歸模型進行假說驗證。實證分析結果顯示廠商訊息的揭露對於合作網絡的建立有正面影響效果，並且廠商對於研究發展的相關訊號-研發資產的投入，有助於吸引其他廠商和其建立合作網絡的關係；而廠商於過去累積的網絡地位亦有助於合作網絡的形成。最後在空間地域屬性方面，實證結果顯示空間地域屬性對於廠商合作網絡的建立存在影響效果，創新氛圍較強的產業地域有助於廠商研發合作網絡的建立；此外，廠商若位於高網絡密度的產業群聚內部亦有助於其建立合作網絡，顯示廠商區位的挑選對於其外部網絡關係存在影響效果。
In recent year, the research topic of firm`s innovation is transformed from industry cluster to network evolution. However, the factor of network evolution was less mentioned in past research , and the cooperation activity is one type of network relationship.From the perspective of the individual , firm often faces the condition of information asymmetry , while cooperating with others. So our research begin with this problem, and we introduce signaling theory to understand the relation between R&D alliance and firm’s signal or social capital and also discuss whether different types of geography character have the effect on R&D alliance formation.

This research concerns Taiwan’s ICT industry as study object. Taiwan’s ICT industry not only plays an important role in Taiwan’s economic development but also is a key part of the global ICT industry chain. Besides, ICT industry has the character of technical innovation and work division, so the firm’s cooperation behavior is important.We use secondary data to build the database, using SNA, pair-t test and poisson regression to analyze. The result shows that the information reveals a positive effect on alliance formation. In addition, firms investing in the property of research and their accumulating of network position in the past have the positive effect on R&D alliance formation. Finally, the result also shows that firm located on high-innovation and high network density environment is more easily to help them find the R&D alliance partner. It shows that firm’s choice of location affects the outside network relation.
參考文獻 一、中文文獻:
1.Coleman, J著、鄧方譯，1999，『社會理論的基礎(上、下)』，北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
2.林淑雯，2010，「地區環境、網絡與廠商研發投入-台灣製造業的實證分析」，『規劃學報』，36：1-22。
3.拓墣產業研究所，2010，『後ECFA時代兩岸ICT產業競合趨勢』，台北：拓墣產業研究所。
4.楊奕農，2009，『時間序列分析 : 經濟與財務上之應用 』，台北：雙葉書廊。
5.韓建新，2000，『信息經濟學』，北京:北京圖書館出版社。
6.邊泰明、林淑雯、王宜婷，2010，「廠商研發資產, 信任與合作績效-以生物科技為對象」，『台灣土地研究』，15(2):1-33。

二、英文文獻:
1.Ahuja,G., 2000,“ The duality of collaboration: Inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages” , Strategic management journal, 21(3):317-343.
2.Almeida, P.and Kogut, B.,1999, “ Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks” , Management science, 45(7):905-917.
3.Aoyama, Y., Murphy, J. T., and Hanson, S.,2010, Key concepts in economic geography, London ,Sage.
4.Barney, J.,1991, “ Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage” , Journal of management, 17(1):99-120.
5.Bergen, M., Dutta, S. and Walker Jr, O. C.,1992, “ Agency relationships in marketing: a review of the implications and applications of agency and related theories” , The Journal of Marketing,56:1-24.
6.Burt, R., 1992, Structural holes: The social structure of competition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
7.Colombo, M. G., Grilli, L. and Piva, E. , 2006, “In search of complementary assets: The determinants of alliance formation of high-tech start-ups”, Research Policy, 35(8):1166-1199.
8.Dollinger, M. J., Golden, P. A. and Saxton, T.,1997, “The effect of reputation on the decision to joint venture” , Strategic Management Journal, 18(2):127-140.
9.Ebers, M.,1997, “ Explaining inter-organizational network formation” , pp. 3-40 in The formation of inter-organizational networks,edited by Ebers, M., NY: Oxford.
10.Fleming, L.,2001, “ Recombinant uncertainty in technological search” , Management science, 47(1):117-132.
11.Freeman, L. C., 1979, “Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification” , Social Networks, 1(1): 215-239.
12.Gu, Q. and Lu, X.,2014, “ Unraveling the mechanisms of reputation and alliance formation: A study of venture capital syndication in china” , Strategic Management Journal, 35(5), 739-750.
13.Gulati, R., 1999, “ Network location and learning: The influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation” , Strategic management journal, 20(5):397-420.
14.Higgins, M. J.and Rodriguez, D. , 2006, “ The outsourcing of R&D through acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry” , Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2):351-383.
15.Huggins, R.and Johnston, A., 2010, “ Knowledge flow and inter-firm networks: The influence of network resources, spatial proximity and firm size” , Entrepreneurship & regional development, 22(5):457-484.
16.Jankowski, J. , Tassey, G., Gallaher, M., Link, A.and Petrusa, J. ,2005, “Measuring Service-Sector Research and Development” ,Planning Report, 05-1.
17.Jorde, T. M.and Teece, D. J.,1990, “ Innovation and cooperation: implications for competition and antitrust” , The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(3): 75-96.
18.Kogut, B. ,1988, “Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives” , Strategic management journal, 9(4): 319-332.
19.Koka, B., R., Madhavan, D., and Prescott, J., E., 2006, “The Evolution of Interfirm Networks: Environmental Effects on Patterns of Network Change”, Academy of Management Review, 31(3): 721-737.
20.Lejpras, A.and Stephan, A.,2011, “Locational conditions, cooperation, and innovativeness: evidence from research and company spin-offs” , The annals of regional science, 46(3):543-575.
21.Luo, X. R., Koput, K. W.and Powell, W. W. ,2009, “ Intellectual capital or signal? The effects of scientists on alliance formation in knowledge-intensive industries” , Research Policy, 38(8): 1313-1325.
22.Nahapiet, J.and Ghoshal, S. ,1998, “ Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage” , Academy of management review, 23(2): 242-266.
23.Nonaka, I. ,1994, “ A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation” ,Organization science, 5(1): 14-37.
24.Owen-Smith, J.and Powell, W. W. ,2004, “Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community” , Organization science, 15(1), 5-21.
25.Porter, M. E. ,1998, “Clusters and the new economics of competition ”, pp. 77-90 in Harvard Business Review, edited by Harvard Business School,Boston: Harvard Business Publishing.
26.Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W.and Smith-Doerr, L.,1996, “ Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology” , Administrative science quarterly,41:116-145.
27.Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., Smith-Doerr, L.and Owen-Smith, J. ,1999, “ Network position and firm performance: Organizational returns to collaboration in the biotechnology industry” , Research in the Sociology of Organizations,16(1): 129-159.
28.Powell, W. W., White, D. R., Koput, K. W.and Owen‐Smith, J.,2005, “ Network dynamics and field evolution: The growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences1” , American journal of sociology, 110(4): 1132-1205.
29.Ragozzino, R.and Reuer, J. J. , 2011, “ Geographic distance and corporate acquisitions: signals from IPO firms” ,Strategic Management Journal, 32(8):876-894.
30.Reuer, J. J. and Lahiri, N. ,2013, “ Searching for Alliance Partners: Effects of Geographic Distance on the Formation of R&D Collaborations” , Organization Science,25(1):283-298.
31.Ryall, M. D. and Sampson, R. C. ,2006, “ Do prior alliances influence alliance contract structure?” , pp. 206-216 in Strategic alliances: Governance and contracts,edited by Africa Ariño. and Jeffrey J. Reuer., NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
32.Spence, M.,1973, “ Job market signaling”. The quarterly journal of Economics” , 355-374.
33.Simard, C.and West, J.,2006, “ Knowledge networks and the geographic locus of innovation” , pp. 220-240 in Open innovation: researching a new paradigm,edited by Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W and West, J. (Eds.)., NY: Oxford University Press.
34.Sullivan, B. N.and Tang, Y.,2013, “ Which signal to rely on? The impact of the quality of board interlocks and inventive capabilities on research and development alliance formation under uncertainty” , Strategic Organization, 11(4): 364-388.
35.Tang, F.and Xi, Y.,2006, “ Exploring dynamic multi-level linkages in inter-organizational networks” ,Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(2):187-208.
 
三、網路資料:
1.台日中小企業合作交流平台，2012， http://www.tjsme.org.tw/，取用日 期:2013年12月5日
2.公平交易委員會，2002，http://www.ftc.gov.tw/，取用日期:2013年12月5日
3.行政院主計總處網站，2013，http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/，取用日期：2013年12月12日。
4.國科會全國科技動態調查，2014，http://www.most.gov.tw/，取用日期：2014年6月8日。
5.台灣趨勢研究報告，2012，http://www.twtrend.com/upload/shares/a_13298941140.pdf，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
6.ejob全國就業e網，2010，http://www.ejob.gov.tw/news/cover.aspx?tbNwsCde=NWS20100128142626CQC&tbNwsTyp=671，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
7.美寶論壇-[行業指南] 電腦、通信及視聽電子產品製造業 (99年版) / 行政院勞委會，2010，http://mepopedia.com/archives/22213-99.html，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
8.工作大贏家-資訊服務產業，2006，http://hscr.cchs.kh.edu.tw/upload/carrer-02.pdf，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
9.資訊服務業發展綱領及行動方案，2004，www.ndc.gov.tw/att/0013245/0013245_10.doc，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
10.維基百科-訊息經濟學，2014，http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
11.MBA智庫-信號傳遞模型，2014，http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
101257009
103
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101257009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邊泰明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇育平zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蘇育平zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2014en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Nov-2014 10:14:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Nov-2014 10:14:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Nov-2014 10:14:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101257009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/71012-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101257009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來，研究廠商創新之觀點，從以往之產業群聚移轉至網絡演化，然而，影響網絡形成與演化之因素於以往探討廠商創新能力的相關文獻中較少受到關注，而合作，即為網絡關係的一種型態。從個體的角度觀之，廠商的合作行為往往面臨資訊不對稱的情形，因此本研究從廠商資訊不對稱的觀點出發，引入管理學門中訊號理論(signaling theory)的觀點，解構廠商訊息以及廠商過去所累積的社會資本與研發合作網絡建立之關聯性。並探討不同型態的空間地域屬性對於合作網絡的形成是否有所影響。

本研究以台灣ICT廠商為研究對象，該產業不僅在我國經濟發展的過程中扮演重要的角色，於世界的資訊科技產業鏈中亦占有一席之地。並且有著技術上需要持續創新，並且注重分工合作的特性。資料蒐集採用二手資料的方式，建立近似於整體性的廠商技術網絡資料以及廠商基本屬性資料，分析方法以社會網絡分析法、Pair-t檢定以及卜瓦松迴歸模型進行假說驗證。實證分析結果顯示廠商訊息的揭露對於合作網絡的建立有正面影響效果，並且廠商對於研究發展的相關訊號-研發資產的投入，有助於吸引其他廠商和其建立合作網絡的關係；而廠商於過去累積的網絡地位亦有助於合作網絡的形成。最後在空間地域屬性方面，實證結果顯示空間地域屬性對於廠商合作網絡的建立存在影響效果，創新氛圍較強的產業地域有助於廠商研發合作網絡的建立；此外，廠商若位於高網絡密度的產業群聚內部亦有助於其建立合作網絡，顯示廠商區位的挑選對於其外部網絡關係存在影響效果。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In recent year, the research topic of firm`s innovation is transformed from industry cluster to network evolution. However, the factor of network evolution was less mentioned in past research , and the cooperation activity is one type of network relationship.From the perspective of the individual , firm often faces the condition of information asymmetry , while cooperating with others. So our research begin with this problem, and we introduce signaling theory to understand the relation between R&D alliance and firm’s signal or social capital and also discuss whether different types of geography character have the effect on R&D alliance formation.

This research concerns Taiwan’s ICT industry as study object. Taiwan’s ICT industry not only plays an important role in Taiwan’s economic development but also is a key part of the global ICT industry chain. Besides, ICT industry has the character of technical innovation and work division, so the firm’s cooperation behavior is important.We use secondary data to build the database, using SNA, pair-t test and poisson regression to analyze. The result shows that the information reveals a positive effect on alliance formation. In addition, firms investing in the property of research and their accumulating of network position in the past have the positive effect on R&D alliance formation. Finally, the result also shows that firm located on high-innovation and high network density environment is more easily to help them find the R&D alliance partner. It shows that firm’s choice of location affects the outside network relation.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究範疇與方法 6
第三節 研究內容與流程 9
第二章 相關理論與文獻回顧 11
第一節 網絡、合作與創新績效 11
第二節 訊息經濟及廠商合作網絡的建立 21
第三節 小結 28
第三章 台灣ICT產業介紹 31
第一節 台灣ICT產業定義 31
第二節 ICT產業發展特性 32
第三節 台灣ICT產業概況 36
第四章 研究設計 41
第一節 研究架構與假說 41
第二節 假說研擬 42
第三節 資料蒐集 48
第四節 實證研究方法 49
第五章 實證結果分析 53
第一節 ICT廠商樣本資料敘述性統計分析 53
第二節 ICT廠商研發技術網絡概況 58
第三節 實證結果與分析 62
第六章 結論與建議 81
第一節 研究結論 81
第二節 建議 84
第三節 後續建議 86
參考文獻 88
附錄 92		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1982014 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101257009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發資產zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廠商訊號zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網絡地位zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 空間地域zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) R&D聯盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Research Propertyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Firm Signalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Network Positionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Geography Characteren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) R&D allianceen_US
dc.title (題名) 空間地域廠商訊息與產業合作網絡之研究-以台灣ICT產業為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Geograph Character,Firm Signals and Industry Network:A Case of ICT Industry in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻:
1.Coleman, J著、鄧方譯，1999，『社會理論的基礎(上、下)』，北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
2.林淑雯，2010，「地區環境、網絡與廠商研發投入-台灣製造業的實證分析」，『規劃學報』，36：1-22。
3.拓墣產業研究所，2010，『後ECFA時代兩岸ICT產業競合趨勢』，台北：拓墣產業研究所。
4.楊奕農，2009，『時間序列分析 : 經濟與財務上之應用 』，台北：雙葉書廊。
5.韓建新，2000，『信息經濟學』，北京:北京圖書館出版社。
6.邊泰明、林淑雯、王宜婷，2010，「廠商研發資產, 信任與合作績效-以生物科技為對象」，『台灣土地研究』，15(2):1-33。

二、英文文獻:
1.Ahuja,G., 2000,“ The duality of collaboration: Inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages” , Strategic management journal, 21(3):317-343.
2.Almeida, P.and Kogut, B.,1999, “ Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks” , Management science, 45(7):905-917.
3.Aoyama, Y., Murphy, J. T., and Hanson, S.,2010, Key concepts in economic geography, London ,Sage.
4.Barney, J.,1991, “ Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage” , Journal of management, 17(1):99-120.
5.Bergen, M., Dutta, S. and Walker Jr, O. C.,1992, “ Agency relationships in marketing: a review of the implications and applications of agency and related theories” , The Journal of Marketing,56:1-24.
6.Burt, R., 1992, Structural holes: The social structure of competition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
7.Colombo, M. G., Grilli, L. and Piva, E. , 2006, “In search of complementary assets: The determinants of alliance formation of high-tech start-ups”, Research Policy, 35(8):1166-1199.
8.Dollinger, M. J., Golden, P. A. and Saxton, T.,1997, “The effect of reputation on the decision to joint venture” , Strategic Management Journal, 18(2):127-140.
9.Ebers, M.,1997, “ Explaining inter-organizational network formation” , pp. 3-40 in The formation of inter-organizational networks,edited by Ebers, M., NY: Oxford.
10.Fleming, L.,2001, “ Recombinant uncertainty in technological search” , Management science, 47(1):117-132.
11.Freeman, L. C., 1979, “Centrality in social networks: conceptual clarification” , Social Networks, 1(1): 215-239.
12.Gu, Q. and Lu, X.,2014, “ Unraveling the mechanisms of reputation and alliance formation: A study of venture capital syndication in china” , Strategic Management Journal, 35(5), 739-750.
13.Gulati, R., 1999, “ Network location and learning: The influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation” , Strategic management journal, 20(5):397-420.
14.Higgins, M. J.and Rodriguez, D. , 2006, “ The outsourcing of R&D through acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry” , Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2):351-383.
15.Huggins, R.and Johnston, A., 2010, “ Knowledge flow and inter-firm networks: The influence of network resources, spatial proximity and firm size” , Entrepreneurship & regional development, 22(5):457-484.
16.Jankowski, J. , Tassey, G., Gallaher, M., Link, A.and Petrusa, J. ,2005, “Measuring Service-Sector Research and Development” ,Planning Report, 05-1.
17.Jorde, T. M.and Teece, D. J.,1990, “ Innovation and cooperation: implications for competition and antitrust” , The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(3): 75-96.
18.Kogut, B. ,1988, “Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives” , Strategic management journal, 9(4): 319-332.
19.Koka, B., R., Madhavan, D., and Prescott, J., E., 2006, “The Evolution of Interfirm Networks: Environmental Effects on Patterns of Network Change”, Academy of Management Review, 31(3): 721-737.
20.Lejpras, A.and Stephan, A.,2011, “Locational conditions, cooperation, and innovativeness: evidence from research and company spin-offs” , The annals of regional science, 46(3):543-575.
21.Luo, X. R., Koput, K. W.and Powell, W. W. ,2009, “ Intellectual capital or signal? The effects of scientists on alliance formation in knowledge-intensive industries” , Research Policy, 38(8): 1313-1325.
22.Nahapiet, J.and Ghoshal, S. ,1998, “ Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage” , Academy of management review, 23(2): 242-266.
23.Nonaka, I. ,1994, “ A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation” ,Organization science, 5(1): 14-37.
24.Owen-Smith, J.and Powell, W. W. ,2004, “Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community” , Organization science, 15(1), 5-21.
25.Porter, M. E. ,1998, “Clusters and the new economics of competition ”, pp. 77-90 in Harvard Business Review, edited by Harvard Business School,Boston: Harvard Business Publishing.
26.Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W.and Smith-Doerr, L.,1996, “ Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology” , Administrative science quarterly,41:116-145.
27.Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., Smith-Doerr, L.and Owen-Smith, J. ,1999, “ Network position and firm performance: Organizational returns to collaboration in the biotechnology industry” , Research in the Sociology of Organizations,16(1): 129-159.
28.Powell, W. W., White, D. R., Koput, K. W.and Owen‐Smith, J.,2005, “ Network dynamics and field evolution: The growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences1” , American journal of sociology, 110(4): 1132-1205.
29.Ragozzino, R.and Reuer, J. J. , 2011, “ Geographic distance and corporate acquisitions: signals from IPO firms” ,Strategic Management Journal, 32(8):876-894.
30.Reuer, J. J. and Lahiri, N. ,2013, “ Searching for Alliance Partners: Effects of Geographic Distance on the Formation of R&D Collaborations” , Organization Science,25(1):283-298.
31.Ryall, M. D. and Sampson, R. C. ,2006, “ Do prior alliances influence alliance contract structure?” , pp. 206-216 in Strategic alliances: Governance and contracts,edited by Africa Ariño. and Jeffrey J. Reuer., NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
32.Spence, M.,1973, “ Job market signaling”. The quarterly journal of Economics” , 355-374.
33.Simard, C.and West, J.,2006, “ Knowledge networks and the geographic locus of innovation” , pp. 220-240 in Open innovation: researching a new paradigm,edited by Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W and West, J. (Eds.)., NY: Oxford University Press.
34.Sullivan, B. N.and Tang, Y.,2013, “ Which signal to rely on? The impact of the quality of board interlocks and inventive capabilities on research and development alliance formation under uncertainty” , Strategic Organization, 11(4): 364-388.
35.Tang, F.and Xi, Y.,2006, “ Exploring dynamic multi-level linkages in inter-organizational networks” ,Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(2):187-208.
 
三、網路資料:
1.台日中小企業合作交流平台，2012， http://www.tjsme.org.tw/，取用日 期:2013年12月5日
2.公平交易委員會，2002，http://www.ftc.gov.tw/，取用日期:2013年12月5日
3.行政院主計總處網站，2013，http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/，取用日期：2013年12月12日。
4.國科會全國科技動態調查，2014，http://www.most.gov.tw/，取用日期：2014年6月8日。
5.台灣趨勢研究報告，2012，http://www.twtrend.com/upload/shares/a_13298941140.pdf，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
6.ejob全國就業e網，2010，http://www.ejob.gov.tw/news/cover.aspx?tbNwsCde=NWS20100128142626CQC&tbNwsTyp=671，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
7.美寶論壇-[行業指南] 電腦、通信及視聽電子產品製造業 (99年版) / 行政院勞委會，2010，http://mepopedia.com/archives/22213-99.html，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
8.工作大贏家-資訊服務產業，2006，http://hscr.cchs.kh.edu.tw/upload/carrer-02.pdf，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
9.資訊服務業發展綱領及行動方案，2004，www.ndc.gov.tw/att/0013245/0013245_10.doc，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
10.維基百科-訊息經濟學，2014，http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8，取用日期：2014年10月18日。
11.MBA智庫-信號傳遞模型，2014，http://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B，取用日期：2014年10月18日。		zh_TW