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題名 時間與空間的另類喘息:家庭照顧者使用支持性方案之經驗
Alternative Respite in Time and Space: Caregivers` Experience in Using Supportive Programs作者 蔡曉欣
Tsai, Hsiao Hsin貢獻者 呂寶靜
蔡曉欣
Tsai, Hsiao Hsin關鍵詞 家庭照顧者
支持性方案
喘息服務
自助團體
Family caregiver
supportive program
respite care
self-help group日期 2013 上傳時間 3-Feb-2015 10:30:25 (UTC+8) 摘要 家庭照顧者的照顧負荷沉重,其多表達有支持性服務的需要,故針對家庭照顧者使用支持性方案之經驗,頗值得研究加以探討。本研究目的為瞭解家庭照顧者使用支持性方案的情形為何,進而探索使用服務期間從事活動的經驗,剖析家庭照顧者在使用支持性服務期間重新回復能量之過程。本文採質性研究法,以深度訪談法蒐集資料,訪談樣本來自台灣失智症協會,共有4位失智症照顧者接受訪談。主要研究結果如下﹕1.家屬使用「各項家庭照顧者支持性方案」的情形,以瑞智學堂、瑞智互助家庭、家屬聯誼會為例,進而比較上述三項服務方案之異同:(1)學堂到互助家庭,家屬「聚在一起」和「舒緩的時間」更多;家屬更懂得「釋放關心」。(2)從學堂到家屬聯誼會:「家屬未經組織的團體聚會」到「成為團體成員後的聚會」。(3)服務對象與受惠對象方面,學堂服務對象以「失智長者為主,長者受惠較多」;互助家庭以「長者和家屬為主,家屬受惠較多」;家屬聯誼會以「家屬為主,家屬受惠較多」;但其實「長者與家屬之間具有相互性」,家屬獲益之後,更能以健康的身心靈來提供長者的照顧,相對的,長者的功能得以維持或減緩退化,亦有益於家屬提供照顧。2.家屬的需求與動力是推動支持性方案重要的推展,從學堂到互助家庭的歷程,家屬與長者有三個階段的活動經驗,包含麻將班、烹飪班以及樂樂班,其顯示家屬有時間、空間以及活動參與的需求。3.家屬使用服務期間從事活動獲得「心理喘息」的要素,可就休閒與休息、自我效能感、團體的歸屬感、採取行動的層面進行分析,分別為(1)休閒與休息:「才能展現」、「享受說話」以及提升生活「滿意感」;(2)自我效能感:「學習」、「突破」、「成就感」的過程,增進自我效能感;(3)團體的「歸屬感」,以及(4)社會貢獻的使命和生命的「意義感」,可見家屬由照顧者蛻變成助人者的軌跡。
The caregivers in families carry a heavy responsibility, and many of them express the need for supportive services. As such, their experience in using supportive programs warrants further study and examination. In this study, we aim to first understand how such programs are being used. Next, we examine the restorative process in which caregivers use such services to gain respite.This study used the qualitative research approach, and collected data from Taiwan Alzheimer`s Disease Association and included semi-structured in-depth interviews with four caregivers of the elderly with dementia. The research findings were listed below:1.We studied the following three supportive programs and analyzed their similarities and differences: the School of Wisdom, the Family of Wisdom, and the Family Club. (1) As the group progresses from the School of Wisdom to the Family of Wisdom, family members have more and more time to spend together and respite time; they also tend to show more care for others. (2) As the group progresses from the School of Wisdom to the Family Club, unorganized group gatherings evolve into organized gatherings for members of the group. (3) The target participants for the School, the Family and the Club are, respectively, senile seniors, seniors and their families, and families; the beneficiaries of the programs are seniors, families, and families. However, there is also an interrelation between seniors and their families: families who benefit from improved mental, physical and spiritual health are better able to care for their seniors. Vice versa, it is easier for families to care for seniors who are able to maintain or mitigate the degeneration of their daily functions.2.The needs and motivations of families are pivotal drivers for supportive programs. Throughout the evolution from the "School" to the "Family", families and seniors go through three stages of participation in activities, namely, mahjong classes, cooking classes and hobby classes. The progress reveals the families` need for respite time and space and their levels of participation. 3.Families enjoy a restorative mental break by participating in activities. We analyzed the key elements of this mental break: leisure and rest, self-efficacy, belongingness, and level of participation. (1) Leisure and rest: display of talent, enjoyment of talking, and enhanced satisfaction toward life. (2) Self-efficacy: enhanced self-efficacy through the process of learning, breakthrough and sense of achievement. (3) Belongingness: the sense of belonging to a group. (4) Level of participation: the sense of mission to contribute to the society and meaning of life demonstrated by the families show an evolution from being the caregiver to the one who helps others.參考文獻 一、中文部分中華民國家庭照顧者關懷總會(2012)。長期照顧壓力大 家總:應增加服務預算 給家庭照顧者周休喘息服務。上網日期:2013年06月15日,檢自: http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/71550。內政部統計資料(2008)。老人狀況調查摘要分析。上網日期:2013年10月04日,檢自:http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Survey/list.html。王仕圖、吳慧敏(2003)。深度訪談與案例演練。於齊力、林本炫編,質性研究方法與資料分析。嘉義:南華教社所。王增勇(2008)校閱序:質性研究不只是一種方法,更是一種生活態度。於陳秋山、王玉馨譯(2008)社工質性研究。台北:華都。Ian Shaw & Nick Gould (2001)Qualitative research in social work. 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The influence of community-based services on the burden of spouses caring for their partners with dementia. Health & Social Work, 34(1), 29-39.Victor E. (2009). A Systematic Review of Interventions for Carers in the UK: Outcomes and Explanatory Evidence. The Princess Royal Trust for Carer in association with Young Carer Internation and the University of Nottingham, 1-168. WaKui, T., & Saito, T., Agree, E. M., & Kai I. (2012). Effects on home, outside leisure, social, and peer activity on psychological health among Japanese family caregivers. Aging & Mental Health, 16(4), 500-506. Watts, J. H., & Teitelman, J. (2005). Achieving a restorative mental break for family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 52, 282-292.Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581-599. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
100264003
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002640031 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 呂寶靜 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡曉欣 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsai, Hsiao Hsin en_US dc.creator (作者) 蔡曉欣 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Hsiao Hsin en_US dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Feb-2015 10:30:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Feb-2015 10:30:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Feb-2015 10:30:25 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1002640031 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/73320 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會工作研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100264003 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 家庭照顧者的照顧負荷沉重,其多表達有支持性服務的需要,故針對家庭照顧者使用支持性方案之經驗,頗值得研究加以探討。本研究目的為瞭解家庭照顧者使用支持性方案的情形為何,進而探索使用服務期間從事活動的經驗,剖析家庭照顧者在使用支持性服務期間重新回復能量之過程。本文採質性研究法,以深度訪談法蒐集資料,訪談樣本來自台灣失智症協會,共有4位失智症照顧者接受訪談。主要研究結果如下﹕1.家屬使用「各項家庭照顧者支持性方案」的情形,以瑞智學堂、瑞智互助家庭、家屬聯誼會為例,進而比較上述三項服務方案之異同:(1)學堂到互助家庭,家屬「聚在一起」和「舒緩的時間」更多;家屬更懂得「釋放關心」。(2)從學堂到家屬聯誼會:「家屬未經組織的團體聚會」到「成為團體成員後的聚會」。(3)服務對象與受惠對象方面,學堂服務對象以「失智長者為主,長者受惠較多」;互助家庭以「長者和家屬為主,家屬受惠較多」;家屬聯誼會以「家屬為主,家屬受惠較多」;但其實「長者與家屬之間具有相互性」,家屬獲益之後,更能以健康的身心靈來提供長者的照顧,相對的,長者的功能得以維持或減緩退化,亦有益於家屬提供照顧。2.家屬的需求與動力是推動支持性方案重要的推展,從學堂到互助家庭的歷程,家屬與長者有三個階段的活動經驗,包含麻將班、烹飪班以及樂樂班,其顯示家屬有時間、空間以及活動參與的需求。3.家屬使用服務期間從事活動獲得「心理喘息」的要素,可就休閒與休息、自我效能感、團體的歸屬感、採取行動的層面進行分析,分別為(1)休閒與休息:「才能展現」、「享受說話」以及提升生活「滿意感」;(2)自我效能感:「學習」、「突破」、「成就感」的過程,增進自我效能感;(3)團體的「歸屬感」,以及(4)社會貢獻的使命和生命的「意義感」,可見家屬由照顧者蛻變成助人者的軌跡。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The caregivers in families carry a heavy responsibility, and many of them express the need for supportive services. As such, their experience in using supportive programs warrants further study and examination. In this study, we aim to first understand how such programs are being used. Next, we examine the restorative process in which caregivers use such services to gain respite.This study used the qualitative research approach, and collected data from Taiwan Alzheimer`s Disease Association and included semi-structured in-depth interviews with four caregivers of the elderly with dementia. The research findings were listed below:1.We studied the following three supportive programs and analyzed their similarities and differences: the School of Wisdom, the Family of Wisdom, and the Family Club. (1) As the group progresses from the School of Wisdom to the Family of Wisdom, family members have more and more time to spend together and respite time; they also tend to show more care for others. (2) As the group progresses from the School of Wisdom to the Family Club, unorganized group gatherings evolve into organized gatherings for members of the group. (3) The target participants for the School, the Family and the Club are, respectively, senile seniors, seniors and their families, and families; the beneficiaries of the programs are seniors, families, and families. However, there is also an interrelation between seniors and their families: families who benefit from improved mental, physical and spiritual health are better able to care for their seniors. Vice versa, it is easier for families to care for seniors who are able to maintain or mitigate the degeneration of their daily functions.2.The needs and motivations of families are pivotal drivers for supportive programs. Throughout the evolution from the "School" to the "Family", families and seniors go through three stages of participation in activities, namely, mahjong classes, cooking classes and hobby classes. The progress reveals the families` need for respite time and space and their levels of participation. 3.Families enjoy a restorative mental break by participating in activities. We analyzed the key elements of this mental break: leisure and rest, self-efficacy, belongingness, and level of participation. (1) Leisure and rest: display of talent, enjoyment of talking, and enhanced satisfaction toward life. (2) Self-efficacy: enhanced self-efficacy through the process of learning, breakthrough and sense of achievement. (3) Belongingness: the sense of belonging to a group. (4) Level of participation: the sense of mission to contribute to the society and meaning of life demonstrated by the families show an evolution from being the caregiver to the one who helps others. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 表目錄圖目錄第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景 …………………………………………………………………2 第二節 研究動機與研究的問題意識 一、問題意識的形成…………………………………………………………6 (一)喘息對照顧者而言,是減輕負荷?抑或追求生活品質? (二)既有研究忽略照顧者在使用服務期間從事活動的經驗:如何透過活動的參與達到「身心放鬆」的目的? (三)「心理喘息」促進照顧者重新回到照顧工作時有回復能量的觀點 (四)「充權」是個人的經驗?抑或團體過程的結果? 二、對實務與政策的貢獻 …………………………………………………12 第三節 研究目的…………………………………………………………………13第二章 文獻探討 第一節 家庭照顧者支持性方案之相關研究 一、家庭照顧者的需求與照顧負荷 ………………………………………14 二、家庭照顧者的支持性方案 ……………………………………………20 三、喘息服務的功能 ………………………………………………………34 第二節 從事活動與心理喘息的相關研究 一、心理喘息的定義與目的 ………………………………………………40 二、達到心理喘息的途徑和活動的種類 …………………………………40 三、達到心理喘息的機制 …………………………………………………41 四、從事活動的獲益 ………………………………………………………44 五、影響照顧者活動參與的因素 …………………………………………47 第三節 自助互助團體的相關研究 一、自助互助團體的興起 …………………………………………………49 二、自助互助團體的意涵 …………………………………………………50 三、瑞智互助家庭:作為自助互助團體的另類助人服務類型 …………56第四節 充權理論的相關研究 一、充權的定義 ……………………………………………………………59 二、充權理論的相關研究 …………………………………………………61第三章 研究方法與設計 第一節 質性研究 一、本研究採用質性研究的理由…………………………………………67 二、研究對象的選取………………………………………………………67 第二節 資料蒐集與分析 一、資料蒐集方法…………………………………………………………72 二、資料分析方法…………………………………………………………73 第三節 研究信效度與倫理 一、研究信度與效度………………………………………………………74 二、研究倫理………………………………………………………………75 三、我與互助家庭的淵源…………………………………………………76第四章 研究發現 第一節、學堂vs. 互助家庭vs. 家屬聯誼會:家屬使用服務的情形 一、家庭照顧者使用「瑞智學堂」服務方案的活動經驗………………77 二、從學堂到互助家庭:家屬各階段的需求與動力……………………79 三、家庭照顧者參加「瑞智互助家庭」的經驗…………………………86 四、家庭照顧者參與「家屬聯誼會」的經驗……………………………88 五、學堂vs.互助家庭vs.家屬聯誼會 ……………………………………91 六、小結……………………………………………………………………95第二節、我們「大家」的「家」:互助家庭家屬團體的形成與融合………98 一、家屬剛開始使用互助家庭的期待……………………………………98 二、團體共同照顧…………………………………………………………106 三、小結……………………………………………………………………116 第三節、「從事活動」與「心理喘息」:家屬能量回復之初探 一、使用支持性服務方案期間從事自我照顧與提供照顧的活動………118 二、小結……………………………………………………………………128第五章、結論與建議 第一節、結論……………………………………………………………………131 第二節、討論與建議……………………………………………………………136 第三節、研究限制與未來建議…………………………………………………144參考文獻 一、中文部分 …………………………………………………………………147 二、英文部分 …………………………………………………………………150附錄 訪談大綱………………………………………………………………………146 受訪者同意書…………………………………………………………………147表目錄表2-1-1、家庭照顧者福利措施 …………………………………………………21表2-1-2、喘息服務理念的沿革 …………………………………………………23表2-1-3、瑞智互助家庭之方案計畫內涵 ………………………………………28表2-1-4、瑞智互助家庭與日間照顧、團體家屋的對照表 ……………………29表2-1-5、瑞智學堂之方案內涵 …………………………………………………31表2-3-1、自助互助團體的定義 …………………………………………………50表3-1-1、三項照顧者支持性方案的比較分析 …………………………………68表3-1-2、受訪者使用支持性服務的情形 ………………………………………70表4-1-1、學堂到互助家庭的轉折階段……………………………………………85表4-1-2、家屬使用三項支持性方案經驗的異同…………………………………95表4-2-1、對照家屬在家照顧與團體共同照顧的情形 …………………………117圖目錄圖2-1-1、喘息服務的沿革 ………………………………………………………26圖2-4-1、本研究架構 研究者綜合文獻並與實務場域對話所彙製……………64圖4-3-1、心理喘息的要素………………………………………………………130 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3895649 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002640031 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 家庭照顧者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 支持性方案 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 喘息服務 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自助團體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Family caregiver en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) supportive program en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) respite care en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) self-help group en_US dc.title (題名) 時間與空間的另類喘息:家庭照顧者使用支持性方案之經驗 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Alternative Respite in Time and Space: Caregivers` Experience in Using Supportive Programs en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分中華民國家庭照顧者關懷總會(2012)。長期照顧壓力大 家總:應增加服務預算 給家庭照顧者周休喘息服務。上網日期:2013年06月15日,檢自: http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/71550。內政部統計資料(2008)。老人狀況調查摘要分析。上網日期:2013年10月04日,檢自:http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Survey/list.html。王仕圖、吳慧敏(2003)。深度訪談與案例演練。於齊力、林本炫編,質性研究方法與資料分析。嘉義:南華教社所。王增勇(2008)校閱序:質性研究不只是一種方法,更是一種生活態度。於陳秋山、王玉馨譯(2008)社工質性研究。台北:華都。Ian Shaw & Nick Gould (2001)Qualitative research in social work. 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